unit6单元知识点总结及练习.doc

九年级Unit 6When was it invented? Section A重点短语: 1. be invented in在发明 2. be invented by由发明 3. be used for被用来4. be used to do被用来 5.shoes with special heels带特殊鞋跟的鞋 6.hot ice-cream scoop冰淇淋加热勺7.学校课题的主题the subject for my school project8.改变世界的小发明small inventions that changed the world 9.在日常生活中in our daily lives 10.似乎有道理seem to have a point11.看了一个网站saw a website12. 的先驱the pioneers of13.广泛使用used widely 13.流行become popular14.一个偶然的发明an accidental invention15.偶然地by accident16.据说It is said 17.一位中国统治者a Chinese ruler 18.第一位的人the first to do sth. 19.烧饮用水boil drinking water 20.在篝火上over an open fire 21.茶树tea plants 22.落入fall into 23.一段时间for some time 24. 好闻的气味a nice smell 25.几千年后a few thousand years later26.茶圣the saint of tea 27.被用来be used to 28.最好的茶叶the finest tea leaves29.被带到was brought to.30.在67世纪during the 6th and 7th centuries31.在不到100年内in less than 100 years32.全国性饮料the national drink33.茶叶贸易the tea trade34.发生took place 35.在19世纪in the 19th century36.帮助做某事help to do 37. 普及the popularity of tea 38.茶文化tea culture 39. 毫无疑问without doubt 40.茶的本质the nature of tea41.低价at a low price 42.建议某人做或不做某事advise sb. to do/not to do sth. 43.把译成 translate into 44.突然 all of a sudden 45.安全地点a safe place 46.破坏纪律 break the rules 47.不到20分钟in less than 20 minutes 48.音符音乐 musical notes 49.通过像电话一样的设备 through an instrument similar to a telephone 重点句型: 1.When was the telephone invented?电话是何时发明的？2.What are they used for? 他们是用来做什么的？3. Who was it invented by? 它是谁发明的？4. Is it such a great invention? 它是这么伟大的发明吗？5. You do seem to have a point. 你说得确实有道理。6. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.据说一位叫神农的中国统治者是首位发现茶叶可以做为饮料的人。7. One of the worlds favorite drinks was invented.世界上最受欢迎的一种饮料被发明了。8.The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea.这本书描述了茶树怎样种植以及如何制茶。9. When was tea brought to Korea? 茶叶何时被传到朝鲜的？10. It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.据说茶叶在67世纪被传到朝鲜和日本。语法专练：被动语态 （二） 1. 一般过去时的被动语态构成： was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 肯定句： The bridge was built last year . 否定句： The bridge wasnt built last year . 一般疑问句及答语：Was the bridge built last year ? Yes , it was . ? No, it wasnt . 2.主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题. （1）时态保持一致。 I repaired my computer.-My computer was repaired. (2)如果要说出动作的执行者，并且这个执行者可以作主动语态中主语时，就用 by短语，如果后面的词表示地点，不是动作的执行者，用in短语。It is made by us. It is made in Wuhan. (3)主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动句by的宾语时要用其宾格形式。 He cleaned the car. The car was cleaned by him. (4)否定句的被动语态中，not放在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。You should not blame me. I should not be blamed by you. (5)疑问句的被动语态，用be动词的对应形式代替do Does she drive this car? Is this car driven by her?3下列情况没有被动语态 1）.不及物动词没有被动语态。2）.系动词没有被动语态 3）.部分表状态的及物动词也没有被动语态。动词有：have(有),fit,cost等。4）.宾语为反身代词的没有被动语态5）.宾语为相互代词的没有被动语态将下列句子变为被动语态。 1. He chose six story books the other day. 2. Uncle Lee gave Jack a large cake for he painted the wall wonderfully. 3. A mouse ate half of the cake last night. 难点讲解:1.词形变化: 11. invent v. 发明 n. invention 发明 inventor 发明者 V. + or = n. 这样的动词有： act , collect , visit , operate , translate 2. accident n. 事故 adj. accidental 意外的，偶然的 3.smell v. 闻到pt. / pp. smelt 4. nation n. 国家，民族 adj. national 国家的5.translate v. 翻译 n. translation 翻译 translator 翻译， 翻译者 6.sudden adj. 突然的adv. suddenly 突然地 7.music n. 音乐adj. Musical2. such adj. 如此的， 这样的， 用来修饰名词。常用结构为： such + a / an + adj. + 单数可数名词 =so + adj. + a / an + 单数可数名词 This is such a nice horse . 这是一匹如此好的马。 = such + adj. + 复数可数名词 There are such good books in the library . such + adj. + 不可数名词 She has made such great progress in the exam . 3. pleased adj. 高兴的，满意的 be pleased with 对高兴 / 满意 I am pleased with your answer . 我对你的回答很满意。 pleasant adj. 令人愉快的，用来形容物的。Its a pleasant vacation . 这是一次令人愉快的假期。 pleasure n. 高兴， 乐趣 ， 愉快 With pleasure 非常愿意， 用来慷慨应允别人的请求的。 My pleasure . 不客气，很乐意效劳 ，对别人表示感谢的一种礼貌回答 Thank you for your help . My pleasure . Will you come with me ? With pleasure .根据句意，用pleasant, pleased或pleasure填空。1. I had a _ time. 2. He will be _ to help you. 3. Reading gives me great _.4. It gives me _to see you looking happy.5. We spent a _ day in the country.4. be used for 用来做此短语中的for是介词，表示用途，后接名词或动词-ing形式。be used as 意为“被用作”，介词as表示“作为”，其后一般接名词，强调使用的工具及手段。Eg: English is used as the second language in many countries. 英语在许多国家被当作第二语言使用。be used by 意为“被使用”，介词by后面接动作的执行者（宾语）。Tractors are used by the farmers. 农民使用拖拉机。1. 在中国英语作为外语来使用。_2.教师用粉笔。_3.毛衣是用来保暖的。_5.remain (v.) 保持；剩余；残余remain意为“停留，留下”, 相当于stay。“呆在那里”可以说remain / stay there，但“呆在家里”只能说stay (at) home。She remains in the house all these days. 她这些天一直呆在那栋房子里。6. It is said that 据说其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。类似句型It is believed that 据人们认为等。 5. the first / second / last to do sth . 第一个 / 第二个 / 最后一个做某事的人。7. happen v. 发生 指客观事件的发生，具有偶然性、未能预见的含义。When did the accident happen ? 事故什么时候发生的？ happen to do sth 碰巧做某事 take place 发生 指某些历史事件或会议的发生以及化学、物理变化的发生，含有事先预料或计划的意思， 没有偶然的含义。 In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China . 8. invent v. 发明 ， 创造 ， 主要指发明一种世上原本不存在的东西，如点灯、收音机 、汽车等。 discover是“发现”的意思，是指发现原来就有而一直没被发现，如发现电、煤、石油等矿藏及新星、星系或科学真理等。Columbus discovered America in 1492.1492年哥伦布发现了新大陆。find的意思是“寻找”，强调找的结果，并不指发现。create指有目的地把原料制成新产品，也指创造出原来不存在的或与众不同的事物。Man creates himself. 人类创造了自己。A novelist creates characters and a plot. 小说家塑造人物并设计情节。 根据语境提示，用invent, discover，find或create的形式填空，完成句子。1.When _ the stream engine（蒸汽机） _? 2. I cant _ my bike, Im looking for it. 3. Scientists are now trying to _ if this is possible. 4. Do you know who_ the plane？5. He _quite a number of wonderful characters in his play.9. advise v. 建议 advise sb. to do sth . 建议某人做某事I advise you not to miss the early bus . 我建议你不要错过早班车。 n. advice 不可数名词 建议 give sb. some advice on 给某人提有关的建议目标检测:单项选择（ ）1.The kind of cup is used_drinking. A.to B.as C.by D.for（ ）2.My mother and my sister kept on talking,but my father_silent all the time. A.got B.kept C.turned D.looked（ ）3.I think the short story_by Lu Xun. A.is writing B.is written C.written D.was written（ ）4.-Who_the electric light lamp_? Edison.A.was;invented B.is;invented C.was;invented by D.did;invented by( )5. Do you know in ancient China? I have no idea. But I know people once used tree leaves to make paper. A. how paper was madeB. how was paper made C. what paper was made D. what was paper made写作： 你认为哪一项发明既对人们的生活有帮助又容易带给人们烦恼呢？请根据下列提示问题，写一篇80词左右的短文表达自己的一些看法。 1. What is the invention? 2. Why do you think its helpful? 3. Why do you thinking its annoying? 4. How do you use it? 5. Do you think people will still use it in the future?The mobile phoneThe mobile phone is one of the most helpful inventions in our lives. We can use it to make a call anytime and anywhere. And we can take pictures, read novels or listen to music. But on the other hand, I always get annoyed by people who let their mobile phone ring anywhere. Whats more, using the mobile phones too often is bad for our health.Because of the convenience they have brought us, we will still use mobile phone in the future, but we should know how to use them properly.The mobile phoneThe mobile phone is one of the most helpful inventions in our lives. We can use it to make a call anytime and anywhere. And we can take pictures, read novels or listen to music. But on the other hand, I always get annoyed by people who let their mobile phone ring anywhere. Whats more, using the mobile phones too often is bad for our health. Because of the convenience they have brought us, we will still use mobile phone in the future, but we should know how to use them properly.The mobile phoneThe mobile phone is one of the most helpful inventions in our lives. We can use it to make a call anytime and anywhere. And we can take pictures, read novels or listen to music. But on the other hand, I always get annoyed by people who let their mobile phone ring anywhere. Whats more, using the mobile phones too often is bad for our health.Because of the convenience they have brought us, we will still use mobile phone in the future, but we should know how to use them properly.The mobile phoneThe mobile phone is one of the most helpful inventions in our lives. We can use it to make a call anytime and anywhere. And we can take pictures, read novels or listen to music. But on the other hand, I always get annoyed by people who let their mobile phone ring anywhere. Whats more, using the mobile phones too often is bad for our health. Because of the convenience they have brought us, we will still use mobile phone in the future, but we should know how to use them properly.The mobile phoneThe mobile phone is one of the most helpful inventions in our lives. We can use it to make a call anytime and anywhere. And we can take pictures, read novels or listen to music. But on the other hand, I always get annoyed by people who let their mobile phone ring anywhere. Whats more, using the mobile phones too often is bad for our health. Because of the convenience they have brought us, we will still use mobile phone in the future, but we should know how to use them properly.The mobile phoneThe mobile phone is one of the most helpful inventions in our lives. We can use it to make a call anytime and anywhere. And we can take pictures, read novels or listen to music. But on the other hand, I always get annoyed by people who let their mobile phone ring anywhere. Whats more, using the mobile phones too often is bad for our health.Because of the convenience they have brought us, we will still use mobile phone in the future, but we should know how to use them properly.九年级Unit 6 When was it invented? Section B重点短语: 1.炸薯条photo chips2.错误地；无意中by mistake 3.不够薄not thin enough 4.使某人make sb. adj. 5.最终in the end 6.的历史the history of 7.很长时间for a long time 8.把放在上面put on 9.备受热爱又充满活力的运动a much-loved and active sport 10.一亿人100 million people 11.首次篮球比赛the first basketball game 12.历史上in history 13.奥运会的比赛项目an event at the Olympics 14. 一名加拿大博士a Canadian doctor 15.大学老师a college teacher 16.被要求做某事was asked to do 17.想出think of 18.创造了一种比赛create a game 19.在硬地板上on a hard floor 20.把分成divide sth. into 21.教某人做某事teach sb. to do 22.在同一个队on the same team 23.合作work together 24.同时at the same time 25.阻止某人做某事stop sb. from doing 26. 对手队the competing team 27.进球get the ball in/into the basket 28. 的普及the popularity of29. 全世界around the world 30.梦想dream of 31.看见某人做某事see sb. doing 32.不但而且not onlybut (also)33.美国的NBA Americas NBA 34. 的数量the number of 35.越来越多的more and more 36.外国球员foreign players 37.崇拜look up to 38. 鼓励某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 39.实现achieve ones dream 40.确定decide on 41.一些发明certain inventions 42.几乎一样nearly the same 43. 想出好主意come up with the idea = think up 44.导致lead to 45.突然all of a sudden 46.其他人的主意someone elses idea 47.私人电脑personal computer重点句型: 1. The customer said they were not thin enough.客人说他们不够薄.2.George wanted to make the customer happy.乔治想使客人高兴.3.Do you know potato chips were invented by mistake? 你知道炸薯条是偶然被发明出来的吗?4.Basketball is a much-loved and active sport that is enjoyed by many for fun and exercise. 篮球是一项备受热爱而充满活力的运动, 作为娱乐和锻炼方式, 它被很多人喜欢.5.When he was a college teacher, he was asked to think of a game that could be played in the winter. 当他在大学当老师时, 他被要求想出一种能够在冬天玩的运动.6. At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket. 同时, 他们需要阻止对方把球投到他们自己的篮筐里.7. Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become a popular sport to watch. 篮球运动不仅已经成为一种受欢迎的玩的运动, 而且也成为一项受欢迎的观赏运动.8. The number of foreign players in the NBA has increased.在NBA的外国球员的数量已经增长了.9.These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.这些激励着年轻 人为实现他们的梦想而努力学习.10. It is often difficult to decide on the inventor of certain inventions.经常很难确定某些发明的发明者.11. This is because sometimes a few people may invent things which are nearly the same. 这是因为有时一些人发明的东西可能几乎是一样的语法专练：被动语态 （三）注意点：“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如： His teacher gave him a dictionary.He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典他得到老师一本字典)也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典一本字典由老师送给了他)/His father made him a kite.A kite was made for him by his father.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他)“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)“动词+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。如：The girl takes good care of her little brother.The girls little brother is taken good care of by her.(女孩照顾小弟弟女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着)“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如：He is pleased / worried / tired /.(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳)He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / .(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中)主动表示被动的几种情况1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat wont keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。2.一些连系动词的主动式形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was) proved right.3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable, convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。容易误用被动语态的几种情况： 1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。 2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。 3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。 4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail等表状态动词没有被动语态。难点讲解:1.词形转换: salt n. 盐adj. salty 咸的 Canada n. 加拿大adj.Canadian 加拿大的，popular adj.受欢迎的,流行的n. popularity 受欢迎，普及 profession n. 职业adj. professional 职业的， 专业的2. mistake n. 错误 make a mistake 犯错误 by mistake 错误地，无意中 v. 弄错 mistake for 错把当成 He put salt into your tea by mistake 他错把盐放进你的茶里。3.stop v. 阻止，停止 stop to do sth. (不定式作目的状语) 停下来去做某事stop doing sth .（动名词作宾语）停止做某事 stop (from )doingkeepfrom=preventfrom 阻止做某事 The heavy rain stopped us from arriving there on time .大雨阻止了我们按时到达那里 4.encourage v. 鼓励 encourage sb. to do sth . 鼓励某人做某事The teacher encouraged the students to study . 4.achieve v. 实现 ，获得 主语为人 n. achievement 成就 We have achieved our aim. 我们实现了我们的目标。 come true 实现 主语通常是“愿望、理想、梦想”等表示物的名词。Our dream will come true . 我们的梦想会实现的。5.not only but also 不但而且 连接主语时动词就近原则，即： neithernor 既不也不 动词与靠近它的主语 either or或者或者 bothand 和都 连接主语时动词用复数。6. It is believed that 人们相信 / 人们认为 It is said that 据说 It is reported that据报道 It is supposed that 据猜测 It is known that 众所周知7. include v. 包括prep. including 包括 ，使用时前面用逗号隔开。8.the number of + 可数名词复数 “的数量”，做主语时动词用单数。 a number of + 可数名词复数 “许多，大量”，做主语时动词为复数。目标检测:单项选择1.The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it_.Ainvents Binvented Cis invented Dwas invented 2. Many people do not realize the importance of health_ they have fallen ill.AuntilBwhile Cwhen Dafter 3.Dad, why must I stop_ computer games?For your health, my boy.Aplay Bto play Cto playing Dplaying 4 Flowers_ along the road last year. Aplant Bplanted Care planted Dwere planted 5. Frog, Mo Yans latest novel, please! Sorry, it_ just now. But it will come out again soon.Asold out Bis sold out Chas sold out Dwas sold out6. Who designed this game?It_ by Tom in 1999. Ais designed Bdesigns Cwas designed 写作： 随着网络技术的不断发展，人们传递情感的方式也在不断变化，假如你叫Kevin，上周你就“使用纸质卡片还是电子卡片？”在班级展开了一项调查。请你给China Daily报社写一封信，介绍此次调查的结果并发表你的观点。2-1-c-n-j-y约30%的同学认为约70%的同学认为你的看法使用纸质卡片：1手工制作、表达真情2携带方便、便于保存3使用电子卡片：1信息量大、传递快捷2节约纸张、利于环保31.2(至少2条)写作要求：语句连贯，词数80个左右。Dear Editor，I am writing to tell you about the survey Ive made on “Using paper cards or ecards？” in our class._Dear Editor，I am writing to tell you about the survey Ive made on “Using paper cards or ecards？” in our class.21cnjyAbout 30% of the students want to use paper cards. First of all, they are made by hand and they can express/show peoples real feelings. Second, they are easy to take and can be kept for long. Third, people can read them without computers.However, around 70% of the students prefer to use ecards. For one thing, ecards can carry lots of information and people can send them quickly. For another thing, using ecards can save paper so that our environment can be protected well. Whats more, people can make various designs they like.In my opinion, we should try our best to use ecards. They can not only pass our love quickly and conveniently but also protect our earth.Yours sincerely，KevinDear Editor，I am writing to tell you about the survey Ive made on “Using paper cards or ecards？” in our class.21cnjyAbout 30% of the students want to use paper cards. First of all, they are made by hand and they can express/s