英美概况试题.doc

英美综合知识习题及答案I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is _.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the Severn D. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _. A. EuropeB. the United States C. AfricaD. the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _. A. Roman invasionB. the Norman Conquest C. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _ actually became the overlord of all the English. A. JohnB. James I C. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day _, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey. A. 1056B. 1066 C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _ dynasty. A. WindsorB. Tudor C. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 _ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament. A. Henry IIIB. the Pope C. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years war stated in _ and wa ended in _, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of _. A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, Calais C. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _ years and king _ was replaced by king _. A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry Tudor C. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in _ in the early _ century. A. England, 14B. England, 15 C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _. A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody Revolution C. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _, a small group of Puritans sailed from _ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the New Land. A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, Plymouth C. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared _ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines. A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois Revolution C. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _ in 1583. A. CanadaB. Australia C. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American: A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VII C. George VID. George VII20. In January _ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community. A. 1957B. 1967 C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership. A. 1900B. the First World War C. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _ rate and the highest _ rate. A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflation C. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _. A. the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extraction C. little money being investedD. the labour shortage24. Britains foreign trade is mainly with _. A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countries C. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _. A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Queen C. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister 26. A General Election is held every _ years and there are _ members of Parliaments are elected. A. five, 600B. five, 650 C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _ and he or she always sits in _.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _. A. the QueenB. the Cabinet C. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community law B. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _ passes sentenced and _ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. _ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery. A. Magistrates courtsB. Youth courts C. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. Londons Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _. A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish Secretaries C. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _ and based at first on _. A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of Parliament C. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _. A. war pensionB. child benefit C. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none. A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime Minister C. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _. A. independent schoolsB. junior schools C. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some _ universities, including the Open University. A. 900B. 290 C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _ country in the world. A. largestB. second largest C. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _ has been called the American Ruhr. A. the MississippiB. the Missouri C. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S. A. the PotomacB. the Columbia C. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _. A. YaleB. Harvard C. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nations capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _. A. the American WestB. the Great Plains C. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in Americas most important _ area. A. agriculturalB. industrial C. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _. A. 1882B. 1883 C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from _ and _.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle Toms Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slaves49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _ great population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. three C. fourD. five50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _. A. gold minesB. silver mines C. coal minesD. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _. A. James MadisonB. Thomes Jefferson C. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _ was the turning point of the War of Independence. A. SaratogaB. Gettysburg C. TrentonD. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _. A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of Right C. the Civil Rights D. Federalist Papers55. President Jefferson bought _ from France and doubled the countrys territory. A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana Territory C. Kansas D. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _. A. Paul RevereB. John Locke C. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by _. A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and Britain C. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and Japan58. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _ and _ conditions. A. economy/politicalB. social/political C. economy/socialD. political/cultural59. As a result of WWI, _ was not one of the defeated nations. A. GermanyB. Austro-Hungary C. OttomanD. Russia60. The aim of President Roosevelts New Deal was to “save American _.” A. economyB. politics C. societyD. democracy61. The longest war that the United States has fought is _. A. the War of IndependenceB. the Civil War C. the Vietnam WarD. the Gulf War62. After long and difficult negotiations in Paris, the United States and _ signed a cease-fire agreement on January 27, 1973. A. South VietnamB. North Vietnam C. ChinaD. Vietnam63. President Kennedy inspired many to work to wipe out poverty and to end segregation and voting rights abuses. His Program was called _. A. the New FreedomB. the New Deal C. the New RightD. the New Frontier64. _, which was passed by Congress in the spring of 1940, made it unlawful for any group to advocate or teach the violent overthrow of government in the United States. A. The Civil Rights ActB. The War Power Act C. The Smith ActD. The Marshall Plan65. It was this trend of conservatism that brought _ into the White House. A. KennedyB. Johnson C. NixonD. Reagan66. The second busiest port in the United States is _. A. New YorkB. Houston C. Los AngelesD. New Orleans67. In the postwar years government involvement was emphasized when the U.S. adopted _ theory in running the economy. A. monetaristB. Keynesian C. McCarthismD. New Freedom68. _ is the countrys leading state in oil and natural gas deposit. A. AlabamaB. Virginal C. TexasD. Georgia69. _ is the Pacific Coasts largest and busiest commercial city and the second largest city in population in the U.S.70. Among the following, _ is not within the power of the U.S. President.A. He can veto laws passed by the CongressB. He appoints federal court judgesC. He is the head of the executive branch of governmentD. He is responsible for the interpretation of the Constitution.71. The “winter-take-all” system applies in all states except _. A. Rhode IslandB. Maine C. GeorgiaD. Hawaii72. In the dual process by which the Constitution could be charged, amendmens must have the approval of _ of the states before they enter into force. A. one-secondB. two-thirds C. three-fourthsD. all73. After the 1828 election of _, the Democratic-Republican Party split. A. Thomas JeffersonB. Andew Jackson C. Franklin RooseveltD. Abraham Lincoln74. The system of higher education in the U.S. has three principal functions except _. A. teachingB. research C. public serviceD. individual service75. What are the focuses of reform happened in the mid-1980s?A. the rising of the standards of teaching and learningB. the raising of the standards of teaching and learningC. eliminating drugs and violence from schoolD. both A and BII. Fill in the blanks:1. Ceographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _, while the east and south-east are mostly_.2. Welsh is located in the _ of Great Britain.3. The ancestors of the English _, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the _.4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes _, _, and _ invaded Britain. Among them, the _ gave their name to English people.5. The battle of _ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6. Under William, the _ system in England was completely established.7. The property record in Williams time is known as _, which was compiled in _.8. _s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucers time after he was murdered.9. _ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced Englands population from four million to _ million by the end of the 14th century.10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of _ farmers.11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in _.12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported _, while the Roundheads supported _.13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a _, later, he became _.14. In 1707, the Act of _ united England and _.15. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _ and _. The former were the forerunners of the _ Party, the latter were of the _ party.16. In 1765, the Scottish inventor _ produced a very efficient _ that could be applied to textile and other machinery.17. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “_” of the world.18. During the Second World War _ led Britain to final victory in 1945.19. In 1974 and 1977, the two _ shock caused inflation to rise dramatically.20. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under _.21. _ has Europes largest collection of foreign owned chip factories.22. New industries in Britain include_, _ and other high-tech industries.23. The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official _, with its own leader and “_ cabinet”.24. The Prime Minister is appointed by _, and his/her official residence is _.25. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales: _ and _.26. The criminal law in Britain presumes the _ of the accused until he has been proved guilty beyond reasonable doubt.27. The jury usually consists of _ persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and _ persons in Scotland.28. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the UK is _.29. In Britain the welfare state applies mainly to _, national insurance and _.30. The two established churches in Britain are _ and _.31. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of (_ in Northen Ireland) and _.32. In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis of selection tests known as _, which was replaced by _.33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into _ and _.34. The most-known universities in Britain are _ and _ which date from the _ and _ centuries.35. In _, Alaska and Havaii became the 49th and 50th states.36. In the Great Lakes, only _ belongs to U.S. completely while the other four are shared with Ganada.37. _ is separated from the main land by Canada.38. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as _.39. _ is the largest continental state in area in the U.S.40. The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and _.41. The South is the headquarters of a large segment of the _ and _ industry.42. New England is sometimes called the _ of America.43. _ is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people since one in five moves to a new home every year.44. The first blacks were brought to north America as slaves in _.45. The largest group of Asian-Americans are the _.46. The United States has long been known as a nation of _, because many of its people descend from settlers who came from all over the world.47. The largest immigration movement did not take place until _.48. The most important obstacle to Hispanic success in the labour market is their _.49. _ is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the American War of Independence.50. The Union Army defeated the Confederate army at _, Pennsylvania and it was the turning point of the Civil War.51. In 1620, the Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called _.52. The last war between the United States and Britain was fought between _ and 1814.53. _, which banned slavery, was added to the Constitution in December, 1865.54. Between 1607 and 1733 the British established _ colonies along the east coast of North America.55. The name of American Indian wa