2016年高考英语母题题源系列 专题17 阅读填空(含解析).doc

.母题十七阅读填空 【母题来源一】【2016全国新课标II】【母题原题】【2016全国新课标II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 16 . But it doesnt happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process._17 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 18 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.Recall(回忆)your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats important. 19 -how being in those gardens made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 20 then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your own gardenC. Its our experience of the garden that mattersD. Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooG. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have 【答案】16. F 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. G17.A 根据本段前两句“Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).”可知不同人对花园有不同的看法，再倒数第二句“然而，有很多能够解释你为什么想做园艺的原因”可知我们首先要搞清楚为什么要做园艺。故A项正确。18.E 本段前两句提出有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心少用水少用废料。本句仍然在说明人们对园艺的不同看法。故E项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与上下文一致，也是人们对于园艺的观点。19.C 根据前句“.那些都不重要”可知划线句强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文串联。20.G 本部分介绍如果我们自己建一个花园，要回忆一下年轻的时候所看到的那些花园，并把这些花园的优点写下来，然后制定计划并把自己的计划变成美丽的花园。故G项与上下文一致。【名师点睛】 本文属于七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首的方法，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据倒数第二句“However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知我们首先要知道为什么要搞园艺。故A项为本段主题句。 当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况： 1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。考点：考查说明文阅读【母题来源二】【2016四川】【母题原题】【2016四川】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 16 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 17 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.18Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygersicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen.Thecommoncoldisagoodexample:women,onaverage,getfewercoldsthanmen.19Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawomansbodycellshaveatendency(向)toagemoreslowlythanamans.Othersthinkthatamansbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.20AHowever,women,onaverage,livelonger.B.Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart.C.Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes.D.Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway.E.Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities.F.Therefore,womenaremorehealthythanmenandcanliveabetterlife.G.Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolcariousbodyfunctions.【答案】16.A 17.G 18.D 19.C 20.E【解析】试题分析：女性比男性寿命长的原因。16.A根据空格下一句：一般说，女性比男性多活6到7年。可知此处的意思是：然而，女性平均比男性寿命更长。故选A。17.G根据空格上句：男性和女性之间荷尔蒙的不同帮助女性寿命更长。可知此空的意思是：荷尔蒙是身体生产的控制各种身体功能的化学物质。故选G。18.D根据下句：它们帮助身体本身抵抗各种感染。可知此空的意思是：女性荷尔蒙也用另一种方式保护身体。故选D。【名师点睛】在做七选五时一定要注意空格前后句子的暗示词，可以准确确定空格上的选项。比如第20小题，Somethinkthatawomansbodycellshaveatendency(向)toagemoreslowlythanamans.Othersthinkthatamansbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.20句中的Some- Others-，是关键词，从这里知道这是两种观点。根据空格前两句：一些人认为女性身体细胞有一个比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性身体细胞有一个老化快的倾向。可知E项符合题意。“最近研究似乎支持这两种可能”。故选E。考点：考查信息匹配【命题意图】给出一篇缺少五个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”【考试方向】这类试题在考查题型上，通常基本以说明文为主，兼顾记叙文和议论文。【得分要点】1）从意思上判断在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。2）从词汇上锁定线索做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。3）从关联词上查找由于英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性；而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立；而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。【母题1】【广东省华南师范大学附属中学、广东实验中学、深圳中学、广雅中学四校2016届高三上学期期末联考】For college students, graduation signals an exciting new beginning. 16 Many students wonder: What do I do now? What career is best for me? Most expert advice on choosing careers boils down to the following points. Knowing YourselfWhat are your interests? Abilities? Skills? 17 The results may surprise you! These can be useful, but theyre not the last word. InvestigatingInvestigating occupations is much more difficult. For most people, there isnt just one right job, but several that could be satisfying. 18 Talk to people who have occupations that interest you. Find out what they like and dislike about their job. 19 Many people choose their careers because they believe strongly in a particular cause. Some might choose to work in areas like medicine, charity or environmental protection. Some have a strong interest in history or a love for the arts. 20 So in cases like these, the field is often chosen first, rather than the occupation itself. So if youve chosen a field, self-assessment will help you find your place in it. Invest some time and effort, and find the right career for you. A. Try a self-assessment quiz. B. Search through books and Web sites. C. Finding your place.D. But it can also bring a lot of uncertainty and confusion. E. Serious research helps narrow the possibilities F. Research your chosen field carefully. What work needs to be done? What training is needed?G. Then they might think about education, museums or art production. 【答案】16D17A18E19C20G17. A 根据横线前句What are your interests? Abilities? Skills?你的兴趣是什么？你的能力怎么样？你的技巧如何？要想了解自己，可以对自己进行一次测验。测验的结果可以告诉我们自己的兴趣、能力和技巧。横线后一句The results may surprise you!说明本句应该使用A项“Try a self-assessment quiz.”尝试自我检测,了解自己的兴趣和能力技巧等。18. E 根据横线前一句For most people, there isnt just one right job, but several that could be satisfying.对于很多人来说，没有一个正确的职业，但又好几个让人满意的职业。那么如何从这几个让人满意的职业中找到适合自己的职业？我们可以进行职业研究来缩小范围，所以E项“Serious research helps narrow the possibilities”符合上下文的串联。同时后一句Talk to people who have occupations that interest you.这是职业研究的一种方式。19. C 根据本段最后一句Invest some time and effort, and find the right career for you.可知我们要花时间和经历，找到适合自己的正确的职业。这是本段的中心句，选项中的C项“Finding your place.”找到你的位置符合本段中心思想。20. G 根据横线前句Some have a strong interest in history or a love for the arts.一些人对历史或艺术有很浓厚的兴趣，那么他们最可能选择与历史及艺术有关的职业。故G项“Then they might think about education, museums or art production.”中的教育、博物馆学以及艺术创作正是与历史及艺术相关的职业。故G项符合上下文串联。【名师点睛】在完成七选五阅读时，我们可以从以下五个技巧着手：技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断-因果关系在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有As a result结果-，thus/therefore因此，so (such).如此-以至于等。技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断-转折关系转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有：However然而, nevertheless仍然，然而，不过, nonetheless尽管如此，依然，然而, still还；然而, though可是，不过，然而, yet然而, in spite of不顾，不管, at any rate无论如何，至少, in any case无论如何，不管怎样, whoever无论是谁, whatever无论什么，on the contrary正相反, in contrast与此相反, 相比之下, by contrast相反, 相比之下, in comparison比较起来，比较地, by comparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否则；除此以外，not-but不是-而是，as well也等。技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断-例证关系前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断-递进关系递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。奇速英语名师总结了表示递进关系的连词有：also也, 而且, further另外(的)；, furthermore而且，此外, likewise同样地，照样地；也，又, similarly相似地，类似地, moreover而且再者，此外, in addition另外，加之, whats more更重要的是, too也，还, either也, neither两者都不, not onlybut also不但而且等。技巧五：从细节逻辑上判断-平列关系表示列举关系的有：first首先, 第一, second第二, third第三; firstly第一, 首先, secondly第二(点)；其次, thirdly第三; first第一, next其次, then那么, 然后; in the first place第一，首先, in the second place第二, 其次; for one thing首先，一则, for another thing其次; to begin with首先，第一, to conclude首先，第一等考点：考查说明文阅读【母题2】【云南省玉溪市一中学2016届高三下学期第一次月考】A good laugh is like a mild workout. It exercises the muscles, gets the blood flowing, decreases blood pressure and improves sleep patterns and the immune system. 36 .Dont take life too seriously. We all have obstacles in life and we all make mistakes. 37 In fact, if you can laugh light-heartedly at your own fault, youll find that you give yourself that extra happiness and confidence increase that can get you over any obstacle.Find the humor in a bad situation. Sure , there are some situations where you are really sad. 38 The next time you feel the stress levels rising, take a minute to think about the funny side of the situation and laugh over the things you cannot control. This will lower your blood pressure, blood sugar levels and heart rate.Remind yourself of funny moments from the past. Perhaps a friend told you a great joke the other day or your children or pets did something amusing. 39 Sometimes just reliving a funny moment can cause the endorphins(内啡肽), natural painkillers, to kick in. 40 As the saying goes, laughter is contagious(会传染的）. So make a point of seeking out positive people who arent afraid to laugh at themselves and are good at finding humor in lifes situations. Young children are especially skilled at finding laughter and joy in everyday moments.A. Take control over your emotions.B. There is no reason to blame yourself for it.C. However, most situations in life have funny sides.D. Surround yourself with fun people who like to laugh a lot.E. The following are some ways to enjoy more laughter and joy in your life.F.Studies show that people with pets have lower levels of depression and stress.G.Call on these memories frequently, especially when feeling sad, angry orstressed.【答案】36E37B38C39G40D37. B 根据前句We all have obstacles in life and we all make mistakes.在生活中我们都会遇见障碍也都会犯错。犯错是生活中很正常的一件事情，所以我们不要因此而责备自己。故B项“There is no reason