创意阅读(第四册)17-18.doc

Unit 17Before you readSome possible answers to the questions are given below. NotesMany of the answers to these questions are included in the “Further information on the text” and the “Intercultural notes “ section of this unit.Respect can be shown in different ways and it does indeed change with different cultures. In France, for example, which is a context that I personally know well, there id no encouragement, in general, for students to ask questions and many teachers think this shows a lack of respect; however, it is considered normal to interrupt someone who is speaking, especially in a social context. This can lead to lack of understanding between speakers from different cultures, in particular native English speakers, who normally allow someone to finish a sentence before interesting. When they are interrupted they can become annoyed at this lack of respect towards them.Negative aspects could include the absence of interactive communication between student and teacher, which is crucial to learning, especially in language teaching and learning.Understanding the textPart A Column AColumn B1. How seriously does thegiven in Paragraph1?Teachers often make mistakescorrect them.2. How common isin the writers country?4The general patterns the staff of the university.3. What does the writer believein China?Very seriously.4. According to Paragraph 6the speech?The lifestyles, of young Chinese people.5. What comparison between in paragraph7 ?Questions moretell them.6. What is the writerin paragraph8 and 9 ?2It is less ofthan it used to be.7. What claim does .in paragraph 10 and 11 ?7Teachers would be.in class.8. Why does the writer claim in class?It has changed a lot1Not very seriously.8It suggests thats/he has notthe information given.It is the norm.The teachers in Chinese universitiesin the west.3It is not possibleto see any changeThe younger generation of China.Because the teacher needs the .make a mistake.Part B1. It means that people who have a skill and can do something practical and productive, do just that- they produce something. However, people who can not do anything practical or productive , teach other people how to do so.2. He is asking the reader to assume that the behavior of the students genuinely reflects their inner thoughts and opinions. In other words, that the respect they show outwardly to teachers is a product of the respect they actually feel for them.( and not a pretence)3. He is suggesting that when a student questions a teacher about some aspect of the lesson, it is the information, not the teacher that is being questioned- therefore it is not disrespectful to the teacher.4. He means that education should not simply be a matter of a teacher “giving information and a student “receiving”. The student and teacher need to interact, exchange ideas, argue, etc. for effective education to take place.5. He says that this is a sign that the student is aware of his or her thought processes. He also says the students classmates may also be confused and so would benefit from his question. Finally , the teacher would appreciate the question as it shows the student has been listening carefullyto know you do not understand something, you must have tried( and failed) to follow the argument being presented.Developing your skills Part A Column Amore confident Column Bless confidentOf course;It goes without saying;Indeed;We can safely say;Clearly;(with complete certainty)Probably;It is likely that;It is quite possible that;presumably;very likely1. It goes without saying that all unhappy families are unhappy in their own way2. It is quite possible that your football match will be cancelled because of the rain.-Part BPrecisely;Even more preciselySpecifically;Exactly;On the dotin particular for the most partmore or lesson the wholein generalgive or takeApproximately;Round about;In the region of;Something like1. It is precisely because you have not worked hard this year that your year mark is not very good.2. It will take you round about an hour, give or take ten minutes, to drive to our house.3. I want you to meet me at 7 oclock, on the dot, to go to the theatre.4. Teachers, for the most part, are a happy bunch!Extending your vocabulary Part A Antonyms Words to note SynonymsConductive BeneficialPassiveInactiveErroneousFlawedDisregardIgnoreClarifyElucidateFaultyDefectiveEscalateSoarErodeDecayCommonplaceHumdrumradicallyDrastically1. Heed my warning; you will have to work hard in that course.2. You will need to improve drastically to get your leaving certificate.3. I think it would be accurate to say that, apart from Chinese, English is the most widely-spoken language in the world.Pat Bcuttingphysical abuseessentialoffensiveIncorrectunkindverbal abuseNecessarydisrespectfulImprecisequestioningdisrespectrelevantnon-cooperativecorrect1. Many students, when not being completely disrespectful, are at least non-cooperative.2. The scientist corresponds with colleagues in order to learn about matters relevant to her research.3. His offensive remarks led to a deadly fight between the two Mafia families.Unit EighteenUnderstanding the textPart A Objectivesstrategies1Opening a large numberEstablishing a franchising system2Attracting young customersGiving gifts such as Hello Kitty and World Cup dolls3Attracting adult customersPresenting the restaurant as a wholesome place for family get-togethers4Establishing an internationalOpening the Ronald McDonald House Charities organizationEnsuring maximum use of sustainable and recycled materialsSupporting environmentalist organizations5Ensuring the quality.Insisting on systems that work in their franchisees interests, which is a near-watertight guarantee of high standards of hygiene.6Reacting toProviding low-fat or even entirely non-meat mealsPart BProper Nouns Key Information1San BernardinoMcDonald brothers ran a restaurant in San Bernardino.The restaurant sold huge quantities of food and drink on the basis of low prices and a limited range of food.2Ray KrocHe discovered the restaurant in California with a winning formula.He put the idea of a chain of restaurants selling huge quantities of food and drink on the basis of low prices and a limited range of food to the two McDonald brothers.3McMuffinOne of the marketing strategies was applying the McDonald name to food items under such manes as “McMuffin”.4Central Europe and ChinaIn these regions, McDonalds was able to introduce its techniques in an approach similar to what they had used in the 1950s and 1960s in the US.5HollywoodThe cachet of the new, the futuristic and the foreign was added to McDonalds marketing strategies in many Third World” countries, so that everyone got access to the Hollywood dream6Hello KittyGifts such as Hello Kitty and World Cup dolls are given to attract young customers.7FranceA local mayor condoned the destruction of the McDonalds restaurant in his town because it represented an attack on Frances great culinary tradition.8MclibelMcDonalds prosecuted two people distributing leaflets criticizing them.9Ronald McDonald HouseMcDonalds opened a building called Ronald McDonald House that aimed to provide a holiday break for families whose children were critically ill.10Latin AmericaBeef produced in Latin America on land that had originally been rainforest was used to make McDonalds hamburgers.Developing your skillsThe writers standpointMcDonalds does more harm than good.Tactics AdoptedType E” and even those of us who turn up noses at the sight of the famous yellow arches have to learn to live with it.”(lines 133-134)- We only need to learn to live with something we do not like or something that is not that good. So this implies that McDonalds is not that good.StatementsSuperficial MeaningsActual meaningsThey support a charity(lines105-110)McDonalds has made What McDonalds had been doing the process of climate change.McDonalds now claims to be (lines110-112)McDonalds is a socially and environmentally responsible organization because of its charitable work.McDonalds now claims to a socially and environmentally responsible organization. Whether it is genuinely such an organization is questionable.“there ill be the occasional mistakes”(lines120-122)Finding a mouse head in a hamburger is an isolated case. It does not mean that McDonalds is unhygienic.This reminds readers of a case where a mouse head was found in a hamburger, and will prejudice them against McDonalds.“It is perhaps to policies”(lines123-124)This suggests adopting a fairer approach to evaluate McDonalds by investigating it from different perspectives instead of focusing only on the quality of its food.This implies that McDonalds policies on pay and working conditions are more unsatisfactory than the quality of its foodMcDonalds, after all, (lines129-130)McDonalds has a good reputation.This reminds readers of the fact that McDonalds was originally an old-fashioned cheap-food chain.In the end, one thing is . (lines132-133)McDonalds being here to stay for some time is a fact.It implies that no matter whether we like McDonalds or not, McDonalds still exists. Actually, there is nothing we can do even if McDonalds does more harm than goodit also