语法填空专项训练---非谓语动词2 (2).doc

语法填空专项训练-非谓语动词非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有1道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。（一）首先，我们回顾一下非谓语动词的语法功能(在句中充当何种成分)：主语宾语表语定语状语宾补动名词不定式分词（二）高考中的主要考点： 考点1：作主语表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用-ing； 表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用to do. E.g. To help each other is good. Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good. 考点2：作宾语 1.动名词可作动词和介词的宾语。 2.动词不定式一般作动词的宾语，疑问词to do可作介词的宾语。 E.g. They preferred walking to school to cycling. They preferred to stay at home rather than go out in such hot weather. Our English teacher often gives us some advice on how to learn English.注意：1）有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。如refuse, expect, promise, decide, offer, pretend等。 E.g. She wishes to be a musician. 2）有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。高中阶段能接动名词作宾语的常见动词： mind（介意）, suggest（建议）, enjoy（欣赏，）, admit（承认）, appreciate（感激，欣赏）, avoid（避免）, delay（推迟）, escape（逃脱）, finish（完成）, forgive（宽恕）, imagine（想象）, keep（保持）, miss（错过）, practice（训练）, resist（抵抗，抵制）, risk（冒险）, deny（拒绝，否认）, consider（考虑）等。口诀：喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习，错过建议保持介意值得考虑。 3）有些动词后面，如forget, remember, stop, try, mean, regret、go on等，既可跟动名词也可跟不定式作宾语，但是意义不一样。 E.g. He forgot paying for the book.他忘了曾经付了买书的钱。(他付过钱了) He forgot to pay for the book.他忘了去付买书的钱。(他没有付过钱)总结：stop to do停下来去做另一件事 stop doing停止正在做的某事。 forget to do忘记要去做某事 forget doing忘记做过某事。 remember to do 记得去做某事 remember doing记得做过某事 go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事 go on doing继续做原来做的事。 try to do sth. 努力, 尽力做某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事 regret to do对将要做的事抱歉 regret doing 对已经发生的事感到后悔注意：此to 非彼to ：(下列短语中的to是介词，后跟动名词） look forward to doing sth. （盼望） pay attention to doing sth. （注意） be/get used to doing sth. （习惯于） prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜欢） devote to doing sth （致力于） make a contribution to doing （做贡献） get down to (开始着手做) be accustomed to doing sth (习惯于) lead to 导致 object to（反对） contribute .to (把.贡献给.）4）在表示“需要”的need, want,deserve和require等后用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定式的被动式。 E.g. The bike needs repairing.= The bike needs to be repaired. I want to go to the barbers because my hair wants cutting(= to be cut).5）含介词的固定句式： prevent /stop /keep sb. /sth. from doing 阻止做 spend /waste time or money in doing 在做方面花费/浪费时间或金钱 have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在做方面有些困难 have a hard time in doing sth. 做某事很艰难 There is no sense in doing 做是没有理由/道理的6）介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示“除外”的介词（but和except）后，有时可接不定式；当but和except前面有行为动词do时，不定式不带to；前面没有行为动词do时，要带to。 E.g. At last the enemy soldiers had no choice but to lay down their guns. He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那儿。 I can do everything except cook. 除了做饭我什么事都会做。 不过，表示“除外(还)”的besides却通常要后接动名词。如： The play was badly acted, besides being far too long.这出戏除了太长之外,演得也不好。考点3：作表语1.动名词和不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容。 E.g. Her wish is to become a teacher. Their task is exploring oil mines in the west.2.分词作表语则说明主语的性质，像puzzling, surprising, exciting等-ing分词表示“令人的(事物)”；像puzzled, surprised, excited等-ed分词表示“(人)感到的”。 注意：动名词作表语，容易与现在分词作表语相混淆。动名作词表语表达的是“某件事”(与不定式短语的意义相近)，而现在分词作表语表示“具有某个作用”。 E.g. The situation is very much encouraging.（现在分词）形势非常令人鼓舞。 He is retired./ The news was exciting. 考点4：作定语 1.动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途，常常放在所修饰名词之前； E.g.These passages may be used as listening materials. swimming pool 游泳池 walking stick 手杖 opening speech开幕词 2.动词不定式作定语表未发生的动作，常常放在所修饰名词之后。 E.g. His attempt to solve the difficult problem failed again. I have something to say. 若不定式是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He has no room to live in. 3.分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是主动关系，用现在形式，是被动关系时用被动形式。 E.g. We should pay attention to our spoken English. This is one of the schools built in 1980. The man standing by the windows is our teacher. 考点5：作状语 1.不定式作状语时可以表示目的、结果和原因。 E.g. To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. I want to see him only to find him out. I am glad to see you. 2.现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别： 共同点：分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。 不同点：分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生谓语动词之前或同时发生。 E.g. They came into the classroom, singing and dancing. (伴随状语) Hearing the news,he jumped.（时间状语） Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 考点6：作宾补 1.不定式作宾语补足语表示未来的动作或强调动作的全过程。 E.g. Tell the children not to play on the street. 注意：在make, let, have等使役动词和feel, smell, hear, see, watch等感官动词后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。 E.g. The boss made the workers work day and night. The workers were made to work day and night. 2.现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别： 共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。 E.g. When he passed the bank, he saw the thief stealing some money. He kept me waiting for almost an hour. I heard the song sung in English. 3.在with复合结构中，若用-ed形式，表示宾语与-ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；若用-ing形式，表示宾语与-ing形式在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作持续进行。若用动词不定式表示将来的动作。 E.g. The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. With so much work to do, I cant spare a minute. With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English. 4.使役动词的用法： get sb. to do sth. =have sb. do sth.使某人做某事(主动、将来); get/havedoing使处于某一状态中(主动、持续); getdone=have sth. done请人做/遭受(被动)。考点7：独立结构(1) -ing形式的独立成分：judging by /from(根据判断), generally speaking(一般说来)，strictly speaking(严格说来), frankly speaking(坦率地说)等。(2)不定式的独立结构：to tell you the truth(和你说实话吧), to make things worse(情况更糟的是)等。（三）解题技巧：1.非谓语动词的时态和语态：主动形式 被动形式一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have done to have been done 完成进行式to have been doing 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done2.解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式。另外，在确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式，用to do还是用to be done时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。那么，如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语？这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表：充当句子成分宾语 表语状语定语宾补逻辑主语句子的主语所修饰的词句子的宾语（四）单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. _ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 2. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use _(argue) with him. 3. Please remain _(seat)：the winner of the prize will be announced soon. 4. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _(smoke) here. 5. It is difficult to imagine his _(accept) the decision without any consideration. 6. I cant stand _(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _(stop) talking while she works. (7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _(repair). 8. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ (live) alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. 9. Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _(not take) his advice! 10. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ (get) her permission for things, think again. 11. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _(open and close) could be heard outside the classroom. 12. They are quiet, arent they? Yes. They are accustomed to _ (not talk) at meals. 13. Isnt it time you got down to _(mark) the papers? 14. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to_(set) up some schools for poor children. 15. She looks forward every spring to _ (walk) in the flower-lined garden. 16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ (pass) the exam.17. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week _ (watch) TV. 18. I believe thats the best way to prevent such a thing from _ (happen) again. 19. Did you have trouble in_ (find) the post office? 20. Sandy could do nothing but _ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. 21. I smell something _ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? 22. Dont leave the water _ (run) while you brush your teeth. 23. It was so cold that they kept the fire _ (burn) all night. 24. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ (carry) out the next year. 25. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ (speak) as much as we can. 26. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _(interest) in his lectures. 27. Energy drinks are not allowed _(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.28. My adviser encouraged me _(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills. 29. My parents have always made me _(feel) good about myself, even when I was twelve. 30. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ (grow) up from childhood. 31. The mother felt herself _ (grow) cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. 32. Paul doesnt have to be made _ (learn). He always works hard. 33. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ (fill) my mind, I almost break down. 34. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ (finish), he gladly accepted it. 35. With a lot of difficult problems _ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 36. The director had her assistant _(pick) up some hot dogs for the meeting. 37. Did Peter fix the computer himself? He had it _(fix), because he doesnt know much about computers. 38. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ (improve) in a short period. 39. Helen had to shout to make herself _ (hear) above the sound of the music. 40. Peter received a letter just now _(say) his grandma would come to see him soon. 41. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _ (move), and asked myself what I was going to do. 42. _(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. 43. _ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. 44. _ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. 45. He hurried to the booking office only _ (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out.46. European football is played in 80 countries, _ (make) it the most popular sport in the world. 47. You were silly not _(lock) your car.48. I like getting up very early in sum