初二英词汇精讲.doc

1. anywhere interestinganywhere interesting中interesting作后置定语，修饰不定副词anywhere。由some / any / no / every /与body / thing或where等构成复合不定代词或不定副词时，其修饰词常后置。例如：I want to move somewhere else. 我想要搬到别的地方去。He has something important to say. 他有重要的话要说。【拓展】常用的复合不定代词有：somebody; someone; something; anybody; anyone; anything; nobody; nothing; everyone; everybody; everything等。不定代词有两种用法：一是作主语时，相当于单数第三人称；一是被形容词修饰，形容词常作后置定语。例如：Everyone is here. 人人都在这里。Ill buy you something new. 我要给你买些新东西。2. What about?What about意为“怎么样？”，可用来询问有关情况、提出建议或征求意见等。about是介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词，即：what about + sb./sth. (可接表示人或物的名词及代词)what about + doing sth.例如：What about sitting in the garden? 在花园里坐坐怎么样？Im going to the park. What about you? 我要去公园，你呢？What about your exam last week, Tom? Tom，你上周考试怎么样？【拓展】What about?与How about通常可以互换，后接名词、代词或动名词，但不能接动词不定式或动词原形。例如：How about the book? 那本书怎么样？ I like this car, how about you? 我喜欢这辆汽车，你呢？ How about going shopping?去购物怎么样？ How about drinking a cup of tea? 喝杯茶怎么样？3. sometimessometimes是频度副词，其频度为40%左右，意为“有时”，表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首，以示强调。I sometimes have to work late. 我有时得工作到很晚。It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold. 天气忽冷忽热。【拓展】some time; sometime; sometimes和some times的辨析：some time意为“一些时间”，time意为“时间”，是不可数名词。sometime意为“某个时候”，常用于一般将来时。sometimes意为“有时；不时”，意思与at times相近，多用于一般现在时。some times意为“几次；几倍”，time意为“次；倍”，是可数名词。例如：Take some time to visit him. 抽点时间去看看他吧。Well take our holiday sometime in August. 我们将在8月份的某个时候休假。Sometimes I go to bed after 12 oclock at night. 有时我晚上12点之后才睡觉。I have been abroad for some times. 我出国好几次了。口诀：分开是“一段”(some time)，合起来是“某时”(sometime)；分加s是“倍次”(some times)，合加s是“有时”(sometimes)。4. the otherthe other意为“其余的；另外的”。表示已知的两个（或两部分）人或事物中，特指的“另一个”或“另一些”。例如：I chose this coat in the end because the other ones were all too expensive.最后我选了这件外套，因为其余的都太贵了。【拓展】other; others; the other; the others和another的辨析：(1) other为形容词“别的，其他的”。作代词用时前面可加the / any /some等或用作复数。例如：He is taller than any other brothers. 他比其他几个兄弟都高。(2) others相当于other + 可数名词复数形式，代词，指“其他人或物”，相当于一个复数名词。例如：Some people enjoy exercise; others dont. 有些人喜欢运动，有些人则不喜欢。(3) the other意为“两个人或事物中的另一个”；表示特指，通常与one搭配使用，构成“onethe other”意为“一个另一个”。例如：Miss Gao has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other. 高老师一只手拿书，另一只手拿钢笔。(4) the others则表示在一个特定范围内的其他的全部，表示特指，意为“其余的”。例如：Some students are in the classroom. Where are the others?一些学生在教室里，其他的学生在哪里？(5) another后通常跟单数名词，也可泛指单数名词，意为“不确定数目中的另一个”。例如：Please show me another (one). 请再拿一个给我看看。另外，another作“另外的，再”讲时，可修饰可数名词复数。此时名词前常有具体数词修饰，即another + 数词 + 复数名词。例如：We have another five friends to meet. 我们另有五位朋友要见。5. afraidafraid作形容词，意为“害怕的，担心的”，在句中常作表语。常用结构有：be afraid of sth“害怕某事”；be afraid to do sth“害怕做某事”或be afraid+ that从句“恐怕”。例如：I am afraid of snakes我怕蛇。He is afraid to go to Beijing by himself他害怕一个人去北京。Im afraid that he wont come this evening我恐怕他今天晚上不会来了。【拓展】be terrified of sth/doing sth 意为“恐惧的”，比afraid的害怕程度深。She was terrified of walking on the dark street alone. 她害怕一个人走在漆黑的大街上。5. afraidafraid作形容词，意为“害怕的，担心的”，在句中常作表语。常用结构有：be afraid of sth“害怕某事”；be afraid to do sth“害怕做某事”或be afraid+ that从句“恐怕”。例如：I am afraid of snakes我怕蛇。He is afraid to go to Beijing by himself他害怕一个人去北京。Im afraid that he wont come this evening我恐怕他今天晚上不会来了。【拓展】be terrified of sth/doing sth 意为“恐惧的”，比afraid的害怕程度深。She was terrified of walking on the dark street alone. 她害怕一个人走在漆黑的大街上。词汇精讲6. joinjoin是动词，意为“参加，加入”。宾语有以下几种形式：(1) join + 表示团体或组织的名词，join意为“加入（某团体），成为（成员）”。例如：Yao Ming joined the NBA. 姚明加入了NBA。(2) join + 指人的名词或代词，join意为“加入之中”。例如：Will you join us for lunch? 和我们一起吃午饭好吗？(3) join + in + 活动类名词，join in意为“参加（活动）。”例如：Can you join in the game? 你能参加这个游戏吗？7. finishfinish意为“完成，结束”，作及物动词时，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词。即：finish sth.或finish doing sth.。例如：I finished my homework this morning. 我今天上午做完了作业。When did you finish drawing the picture? 你什么时候画完那副画的？【拓展】能接v.-ing作宾语的动词还有：practice; enjoy; mind; keep等。practice doing sth. 练习做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事mind doing sth.介意做某事keep doing sth. 一直做某事词汇精讲8.famousfamous是形容词，意为“著名的，有名的，出名的”，在句中可作定语或表语。例如：Yao Ming is a famous basketball player. 姚明是一位著名的篮球运动员。常见的搭配有：be famous as和be famous for等。【拓展】 be famous for与be famous as的辨析：be famous for意为“以而著名”，for后接著名的原因。be famous as意为“作为而著名”，as后接身份、职业的名词。例如：China is famous for the Great Wall. 中国因长城而闻名。Lu Xun is very famous as a writer. 鲁迅作为一名作家而著名。9. loselose是动词，意为“失去，丢失”，其过去式和过去分词都是lost。例如：He lost interest in music. 他对音乐失去了兴趣。We lost the game by two points. 我们以两分之差输掉了比赛。【拓展】(1) lose ones way迷路lose face丢面子，出丑lose weight减肥(2) forget; leave与lose的辨析：1) forget sth. 表示“遗留某物”，后只接事物，不跟地点或场所。例如：Once when we were going to Paris, I forget my passport.有一次我们准备去巴黎时，我忘了带护照。2) leave表示“遗留”，leave后必须接地点，即leave sth. + 地点。例如：I left my book at home. 我把书丢在家里了。3) lost表示“失去不再拥有”。例如：She lost her bike. 她丢了她的自行车。词汇精讲10. happen(1) happen作动词，意思是“发生、偶然发生、碰巧”，这个动词没有被动语态的形式，句子的主语是“某件事情”。例如：The accident happened in our school last night. 事故昨天发生在我们的学校。Do you know what has happened to him? 你知道他发生什么事了？(2) happen to名词或者代词, 表示“碰巧”的意思，happen to do something意为 “碰巧做某事”。It happens that从句，也可以表示碰巧做某事的意思。例如：I happened to meet our teacher in the street yesterday. 昨天碰巧在街道上碰到了我的老师。I. 英汉互译。1. 某个有趣的地方_ 2. 怎么样_ 3. 害怕做某事 _4. finish doing sth_5. 因而出名_ 6. lose ones way _ 7. such as _ 8. as long as_9. 与相像的_ 10. dress up _ 答案与解析 1. somewhere interesting 2. what/how about 3. be afraid to do sth. 4. 做完某事5. be famous for 6. 迷路 7. 例如 8. 只要；和一样长 9. be similar to 10. 装扮II. 根据句意及首字母提示补全单词，使句子完整、通顺。1. I had e_ time to do my homework yesterday.2. I had nothing to do, so I felt very b_ last Sunday.3. My mother goes shopping t_ a week.4. I watch TV at l_ two hours every day.5. It is n_ for us to have a good study habit.6. Nothing is impossible(不可能的) if you put your h_ into it.7. The bed is so c_ and warm that he didnt want to get up.8. He and his twin brother have something in c_.9. You will be s_ if you work hard.10. Linda e_ her parents to buy a new bike for her. 答案与解析 1. enough 2. bored 3. twice 4. least 5. necessary 6. heart 7. comfortable8. common 9. successful 10. expects III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. What about _(visit) the museum?2. I was so _(tire) that I wanted to have a rest.3. Bill goes _(swim) once a week.4. We are busy _(study) these days, so we arent free.5. Who is _(thin), you or your sister?6. My mother often makes me _(do) housework on weekends.7. Which question is _(easy), the first, the second or the third?8. _ you _(see) the bird dancing in the tree a moment ago?9. John wants _(watch) talk shows because theyre _(enjoy).10. Its _(danger) for you to do that. 答案与解析 1. visiting 2. tired 3. swimming 4. studying 5. thinner 6. do 7. the easiest 8. Did; see 9. to watch; enjoyable 10. dangerous 1. Did you go shopping?go shopping意为“去购物”。“go + v.-ing”意为“去”，多用于体育活动或业余娱乐活动。例如：We often go shopping on weekends.我们经常在周末去购物。Were going climbing next Sunday. 下个星期我们要去爬山。【拓展】(1)“go + v.-ing”的常见短语归纳：go bike riding 骑自行车远行 go sightseeing 去观光go shopping去买东西 go skating去滑冰go swimming去游泳 go boating去划船go walking去散步 go climbing去登山go dancing去跳舞 go hiking 去远足(2) 动词do后跟动名词形式构成短语，动名词作do的宾语，具有名词性质，可以用some或the 修饰。例如：do some reading阅读 do some washing洗涮 do some cooking做饭do some swimming游泳 do some speaking多说 do some listening多听2. My legs so tired that I wanted to stop.so.that意思是“如此以至于”，中间用形容词或者副词，so修饰词形容词或副词，形容词后一般没有名词，that的后面是表示结果的状语从句。而同义短语such.that的中间有名词，such修饰此名词。例如：Our teacher is so kind that all of us like him. 我们的老师是如此好心以至于我们都喜欢他。He runs so fast that nobody in my class can catch up with him.他跑得那么快，我们班没有人能追上他。It is such an interesting film that all of us like it.它是一部如此有兴趣的电影以至于我们都喜欢它。He had such long arms that he could almost to