当代社会与文化翻译练习与答案word 版.doc

当代社会与文化翻译练习与答案（Word 版）Unit 61） 屈原是春秋时期楚国的大臣。他的才华遭到贵族子兰的嫉妒，于是被去职赶出都城，流放到外地。公元前278年，秦军攻破楚国京都，屈原悲伤万分，抱石投汨罗江而死。屈原死后，楚国百姓哀痛异常，纷纷涌到汨罗江边去凭吊屈原。渔夫们划起船只，在江上来来回回，以免鱼吃掉屈原的身体。之后，每年五月五日划龙舟以纪念这个事情。1） Qu Yuan is a court official in the Chu Empire during the Spring-and-Autumn Period. His talent aroused envy and hatred of his partner, an aristocrat named Zi Lan, who managed to have Qu Yuan dismissed and expelled out of the capital. Qu yuan had to lead a life of exile. In the year of 278, BC, Chu, his mother country, had been conquered and shattered by another empire, the Qin. Grief-stricken, Qu plunged into the river by clinging himself to a stone and ended his life. People in Chu morned his death, coming to the riverside. The fishermen rowed their boats back and forth, hoping to scare away the fish who they thought might eat their beloved official. In the end, on the 5th of May every year, the practice of rowing dragon boats has persisted to this day to observe the historical event. 2） 包括七夕在内的许多中国传统节日，都是在农业社会的基础上形成的。随着时代的发展和社会的演变，原先孕育这些节日的环境起了变化，因此人们也不像以前那样重视这些节日了。例如，提起七夕节，现在的年轻人想到的大多是“鲜花”、“巧克力”、“烛光晚餐”等，几乎清一色地与西俗情人节类似，与中国文化传统关联不大。近年来的节假日已然变成了消费日，城市搞起了形式多样的促销，商场打出各种各样的广告。2）Chinese festivals, including the Double Seventh Festival, develops on the setting of agricultural society. With the passage of time, social situations have altered greatly and so does the setting from which these festivals arise. As a result, people no longer value these festivals like before. For example, speaking of the Double Seventh Festival, young people mostly associate it with flowers, chocolate, candlelight dinner, which usually characterize Valentines day in the west. That departs a lot from the customs handed down in the Chinese history many centuries ago. In recent years, the festivals have shifted into consumption days in that various promotional activities were launched in midst of dazzling advertisements. Unit 71）黄河，全长5464公里，仅次于长江，是中国第二长的河流。黄河发源于西藏高原的青海省。它向东流经7个省和两个自治区，最后注入渤海。黄河被称为 “中华民族的母亲河”，也被誉为“中华文明的摇篮”，因为黄河流域是古代中华文明的发祥地。黄河流域也是中国古代历史上最繁荣昌盛的地区。到宋元以前，该地区一直是中国经济发展的重心，创造了当时世界上最发达的文明。1）The Yellow River, with a length of 5464km, is the second-longest river in China after the Yangtze River. The river originates in Qinghai province on the Plateau of Tibet. It flows eastward crosses six other provinces and two autonomous regions in its course and finally empties into the Bo Hai .The Yellow River is called the “Mother River” of the Chinese People, and is also referred to as “the Cradle of Chinese Civilization”, as its basin was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilizations. It is also the most prosperous and populous region in early Chinese history. Till the Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, the Yellow River basin had always been the center of Chinas economy and had developed the most advanced civilizations in the world then. 2）中外有大量坚实的历史资料证明中国人民首先发现了南沙群岛，并在岛上从事生产活动。东汉时期就有史料记载中国人在岛上生活和工作。唐代时，中国已把南沙群岛归于其行政区划地图。所有史实证明中国政府一直对群岛行使管辖权。自古以来，南沙群岛一直都是中国领土神圣不可分割的一部分。中华人民共和国对这些岛屿及其附近海域拥有无可争辩的主权。2）A host of solid historical data，both Chinese and foreign, have proved that it was the Chinese people who were the first to discover and to conduct productive activities on the Nansha Islands. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, historical records account that the Chinese people lived and worked on the islands. In Tang Dynasty, China included the Nansha Islands into its administrative map. All these historical facts demonstrate that it is the Chinese Government that has long exercised sovereignty and jurisdiction over these islands. The Nansha Islands have become an inalienable part of Chinese territory since ancient times. The Peoples Republic of China has indisputable sovereignty over the Nansha Islands and the adjacent waters. Unit 81) 中国菜通常由不止一种原料做成，这是因为用料单一菜就会缺少对比，因而很难达到和谐。通过使用不同的食材、变化的刀工、各种调料和烹饪方法，使不同颜色、香气、风味、形状和口感的食物明显达到和谐的平衡和对比。阴阳原则支配着中国人生活的方方面面，也是中国厨师做饭的指导性原则。所有的食物也是药材，一个人吃的食物与其健康息息相关。当阴阳的力量在体内不平衡时人就会生病。现在越来越多的人人已经认识到营养与健康之间的联系。1）Chinese dish is usually made up of more than one ingredient, this is because when a single item is cooked on its own, it lacks contrast and therefore lacks harmony. The harmonious balance and contrast of different colors, aroma, flavors, shapes and textures are achieved by varying the ingredients, cutting techniques, seasonings and cooking methods. Yin-yang principle governs all aspects of Chinese life and it has also been the guiding principle for Chinese cooks. All foods are also medicines, the kind of food one eats is closely relevant to ones health. When the yin-yang forces in the body are not balanced, illness results. Now more and more people have recognized the link between nutrition and health.2)北京制作各种小吃有着悠久的历史。具有浓郁的地方风味，北京小吃吸引了几乎所有的游客。豆汁（Mung Bean Milk）是北京最著名的小吃之一。它尝起来酸中带甜，有种特殊的香味。由于价格低廉，受到多数北京人的喜爱。另一种著名的小吃糯米团（Sticky Rice Balls）（艾窝窝）是宫廷小吃。它是由糯米作成的洁白如雪的美味。米先蒸再捣碎，做成球的形状。这种美味的小吃深受明朝皇室和贵族家庭的喜爱, 据说艾窝窝曾是皇帝的特供。2) Beijing has a time-honored history of producing various kinds of snacks. With strong local flavors, Beijings snacks attract almost all visitors. Mung Bean Milk (Dou Zhi) is one of the most famous Beijing snack. It tastes mostly sour with a flavor of sweetness, and has a peculiar odor. Because of low price, it is welcomed by the majority of Beijing people. Another famous snack, Sticky Rice Balls (Ai Wo Wo), is a court snack. As white as snow, this delicacy is made of sticky rice. The rice is first steamed then pounded and shaped into a ball. This delicious snack became a favorite of imperial and noble families during the Ming Dynasty, it is said that Ai Wo Wo was once emperors special. Unit 101)剪纸是中国最流行的传统民间艺术之一。中国的剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期特别流行。剪纸的产生和传播与中国农村的节日有密切的关系。在婚礼上或节日里人们在墙上、窗户上和门上贴上剪纸以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。剪纸内容丰富，家禽、家 畜、水果和鱼都是农民描绘的对象。不同地区的剪纸有不同的特点。陕西的剪纸风格简单而大胆；河北和山西的剪纸色彩鲜亮；而南方各省的剪纸则精美细致。）Paper-cut is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper-cut has a history of more than 1500 years, and it was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The initiation and spread of paper-cuts had a close relationship with Chinese rural festivals. People pasted paper-cuts on walls, windows and doors at wedding ceremonies or festivals to enhance joyful atmosphere. The color frequently used in paper-cut is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Paper-cuts are rich in content, and domestic birds, livestock, fruit and fish are all objects depicted by farmers. Paper-cuts made in different areas have different characteristics. Shaanxi paper-cuts are simple and bold; paper-cuts from Hebei Province and Shanxi Province are bright in color; while paper-cuts in southern provinces are delicate and fine. 2)大栅栏以古色古香的各种商店而闻名，很多人来这里体验历史财富的遗迹。通常每天平均客流量达到15-16万，周末和假期增加到超过20万。虽然这条商业街有580多年的历史，但大多数的古代建筑保存完