2011年高考英语真题全国II卷试题精讲(含答案和每道题目详细解释).doc

.绝密启用前2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（全国卷II）本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。共150分。考试时间120分钟。第一卷注意事项：1.答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。2.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试卷上。3.考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节 语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从A, B, C, D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：haveA. gaveB. saveC. hatD. made答案是C。1. cushionA. buttonB. butcherC. buryD. duty2. countryA. announceB. coughC. encourageD. shoulder3. pillowA. flowerB. allowC. knowledgeD. follow4. reachA. breatheB. reallyC. pleasureD. heaven5. ChristmasA. handkerchiefB. teacherC. acheD. merchant【答案】1-5BCDAC 第二节 语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A, B, C, D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。6. Did you forget about my birthday? _ Ive booked a table at Michels restaurant for this evening.A. What then?B. Im afraid so.C. How could I?D. For sure.【答案】C【考点】本题考查交际用语的用法辨析。【解析】根据答语可知，答话人已经在餐厅预定了餐桌，因此选C，表示“怎么能忘了呢”。7. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.A. thisB. thatC. whatD. which【答案】D【考点】本题考查非限制性定语从句。【解析】因为有逗号，所以不能选that，而选which，指代前面整个主句的内容。8. If you _ smoke, please go outside.A. canB. shouldC. mustD. may【答案】C【考点】本题考查情态动词must的用法。【解析】根据句意：如果你一定想要吸烟，那就请到外边去。must表示“一定，偏偏”。9. If you dont like the drink you _ just leave it and try a different one.A. orderedB. are orderingC. will orderD. had ordered【答案】A【考点】本题考查一般过去时。【解析】饮料是已经预定了的，所以该空可以一般过去时，故选答案A。10. Mary, I _ John of his promise to help you.A. toldB. remindedC. warnedD. advised【答案】B【考点】本题考查动词的辨析。【解析】根据句意：玛丽，我提醒约翰履行帮助你的诺言。remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事。11. I got this bicycle for _; my friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.A. everythingB. somethingC. anythingD. nothing【答案】D【考点】本题考查不定代词的用法。【解析】根据句中的解释，可知自行车是朋友送给我的，因此选nothing，for nothing表示“免费”。12. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is _ another to play it well yourself.A. quiteB. veryC. ratherD. much【答案】A【考点】本题考查副词的辨析。【解析】根据句意：听音乐是一回事，演奏音乐是另一回事。在第二句中省略了thing, quite another (thing) 表示“完全不同、完全是另一回事”。13. Jane wont join us for dinner tonight and _.A. neither wont TomB. Tom wont eitherC. Tom will tooD. so will Tom 【答案】B【考点】本题考查省略结构。【解析】根据句意：简今天晚上不和我们一起吃饭，汤姆也不。如果选A项，则要用肯定式neither will Tom，B项是陈述句的否定。14. This shop will be closed for repairs _ further notice.A. withB. untilC. forD. at【答案】B【考点】本题考查连词的辨析。【解析】主句中be closed是延续性动词，until在肯定句中表示谓语动作延续到表示的时间为止。15. The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A. joiningB. to joinC. joinedD. having joined【答案】C【考点】本题考查非谓语作状语的用法。【解析】jointo表示“把连接起来”，joined在句中是过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句which is joined。16. As he reached _ front door, Jack saw _ strange sight.A. the; 不填B. a; theC.不填aD. the; a【答案】D【考点】本题考查定冠词和不定冠词的用法。【解析】根据句意：当杰克到前门时，他看到了一个奇怪的景象。第一空the表示方位，特指前门；第二空表示“一个”。17. Mr. Stevenson is great to work forI really couldnt ask for a _ boss.A. betterB. goodC. bestD. still better【答案】A【考点】本题考查形容词比较级的用法。【解析】根据句意前半句可知，史蒂文先生工作棒极了，后面意味这再也找不到更好的老板了，用否定副词与比较级连用表达最高级。18. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _ nothing about the argument.A. saysB: saidC. to sayD. saying【答案】D【考点】本题考查非谓语作状语的用法。【解析】saying与主句的主语Sarah在逻辑上是主谓关系，在句中作伴随状语。19. It was a nice meal, _ a little expensive.A. thoughB. whetherC. asD. since【答案】A【考点】本题考查连词的辨析。【解析】根据句意：虽然有点贵，饭还是不错的。在连词though之后省略了it was。20. So you gave her your phone? _ she said shed return it to me when she could afford her own.A. My pleasureB. Not exactlyC. No doubtD. All right【答案】B【考点】本题考查交际用语的用法辨析。【解析】根据答语部分，可知答话人只是借给她电话，因此这里指不是完全送给她，故选Not exactly。第三节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the 21 home from work in the evenings. A man will be 22 the newspaper, and seconds later it 23 as if he is trying to 24 it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger 25 next to him. 26 place where unplanned short sleep 27 is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring (打鼾) so _ 28 that the professor has to ask another student to 29 the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing (尴尬) situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the 30 of the head pushes the arm off the 31 , and the movement carries the 32 of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no 33 of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when 34 . Police reports are full of 35 that occur when people fall into sleep and go 36 the road. If the drivers are 37 , they are not seriously hurt. One womans car, 38 , went into the river. She woke up in four feet of 39 and thought it was raining. When people are really 40 , nothing will stop them from falling asleep - no matter where they are.21. A. wayB. trackC. pathD. road 22. A. buyingB. foldingC. deliveringD. reading 23. A. actsB. showsC. appearsD. sounds 24. A. openB. eatC. findD. finish 25. A. lyingB. waitingC. talkingD. sitting 26. A. NextB. EveryC. AnotherD. One 27. A. goes onB. ends upC. lastsD. returns 28. A. bravelyB. happilyC. loudlyD. carelessly29. A. leaveB. shakeC. keepD. watch30. A. sizeB. shapeC. weightD. strength31. A. cushionB. deskC. shoulderD. book 32. A. actionB. positionC. restD. side33. A. memoryB. reasonC. questionD. purpose34. A. thinkingB. workingC. walkingD. driving35. A. changesB. eventsC. ideasD. accidents36. A. upB. offC. alongD. down37. A. luckyB. awakeC. calmD. strong38. A. in time B. at firstC. as usualD. for example39. A. dustB. waterC. grassD. bush40. A. tiredB. drunkC. lonelyD. lazy【答案】21. A22. D23. C24. B25. D26. C27. A28. C29. B30. C 31. B32. C33. A34. D35. D36. B37. A38. D38. B40. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇社会文化类的夹叙夹议文，文章举了学生和司机的例子，描述了不同人在不同场合或环境下睡觉的状态，从而得出人在真正感到疲劳时，不论在哪里，没有什么可以阻止他睡觉的中心思想。【解析】21. 本题考查名词理解。根据from work可知选A，on the way home意为“在回家的路上”，故选A项。22. 本题考查动词及固定搭配理解。读报纸短语为“read the newspaper”，故选D项。23. 本题考查动词理解。appears意为“看起来”，读了几秒钟报纸后，看起来好像要把报纸吃掉一样。是形象的描写，故选C项。24. 本题考查动词及篇章理解。根据上题解析，此人似乎要将报纸吃掉一样，这样才是瞌睡的状态。open 打开 ，find 发现，finish完成，均不符合语境，故选B项。25. 本题考查动词理解。根据语义可知，睡着了靠在旁边人的肩膀上，只有坐在旁边的人才能靠在肩膀上，故选D项，现在分词短语做后置定语。26. 本题考查形容词理解。another意为“又一、再一”，这里列举另外一个容易睡觉的场所，是众多当中的又一个，故选C项。27. 本题考查动词及固定搭配。go on“继续，发生”；end up“结束”；last“持续”；return “归还，回来”，此处继续列举容易睡觉的场所，故选A项。28. 本题考查副词。根据下文可知，教授让别的同学叫醒他，是因为他的打鼾声音太大了，loudly“大声地，高声地”；bravely“勇敢地”；happily“幸福地”；carelessly“粗心大意地，疏忽地”，故选C项。29. 本题考查动词及篇章理解。shake“摇摆，摇”，教授让别的同学摇醒那个睡觉打鼾的人，打鼾说明睡得很熟，因此要摇醒，故选B项。 30. 本题考查动词及篇章理解。weight 意为“重量”，令人尴尬的是学生趴在桌子上睡着了，头的重量是得胳膊滑下桌子，故选C项。31. 本题考查名词及上下文联系。根据上题解析，胳膊离开了桌子，故选B项。32. 本题考查上下文联系。胳膊离开了桌子，带动身体其他部分也滑到了地上，rest意为“剩下的”，故选C项。33. 本题考查名词及篇章理解。memory意为“记忆、印象”，跌倒地上所以醒来，但是对自己为什么会这样做却没有丝毫的印象。故选A项。34. 本题考查动词及篇章理解。后文提到司机可知，此处指最严重的事情是开车时打瞌睡，故选D项。35. 本题考查名词理解。accidents 意为“交通事故”，警察的报道中几乎都是由于疲劳驾驶导致的交通事故，故选D项。36. 本题考查动词固定搭配。go off意为“离开，进行”，开车睡觉时，将车开出了道路。go up意为“上升，增长”，go along 意为“前进，进行”，go down意为“下降，沉没”。37. 本题考查形容词及篇章理解。作者想表达，如果司机开车时睡觉，幸运的话，他们不会受伤很严重。这里实际上是描述在开车睡觉发生事故以后的推断，要联系上下文才能选出正确选项，其他选项不符合语境。38. 本题考查固定搭配。in time 意为“及时”，at first意为“首先”，as usual意为“像往常一样”，for example意为“例如”。后文举例说明的是开车睡觉的危险性，故选D项。39. 本题考查篇章理解。根据上文提到“went into the river”，下文当然是在水里醒来，故选B项。40. 本题考查篇章理解。文章开头中提到“so tired”，末尾表示，人在真正感到疲劳时，不论在哪里，没有什么可以阻止他睡觉的，与文章开头相互呼应，故选A项。【体裁】夹叙夹议文【话题】社会文化（社会生活）【题型】客观题【难度】中等。文章主要考查了短语的固定搭配，选材上来说非常贴近学生生活，没有涉及到语法，将着眼点放到了篇章上，重点考查上下文的意义关系。学生在答题时只要沿着主题读下去，掌握个别词语的用法就能达到正确选题。第二部分：阅读理解（共25小题。第一节每小题2分，第二节每小题1分；满分45分）第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASince 1984, Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act. One by one, graffiti-covered walls are being changed into outdoor art. So far, more than 1,800 murals (壁画) have been painted. Philadelphia now has more murals than any other American city.The walls that were once ugly with graffiti (涂鸦) are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the Mural Arts Program (MAP). Its work makes schools and public places attractive, and its citizens very proud. The program began as part of Philadelphias Anti-Graffiti Network. Jane Golden is the MAPs artistic director. “When people ask me what our program is about,” she says, “I answer them with one word: hope.” Each year, the MAP offers youth art programs and workshops. Some one-time graffiti writers even help paint MAP murals.The MAPs work, says Golden, is all about developing a sense of community (社区). When a neighborhood requests a mural, the MAP works with the people there to develop a message. Some messages have been “Safe Streets”, “Love and Care”, and “Peace Walk”.The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week. Last year, the workers painted 140 murals.“The making of a mural enters peoples collective memory as an extraordinary, pleasant moment in neighborhood history.” says Golden, who began as a muralist in Los Angeles.【语篇解读】本文是一篇社会文化类的记叙文。主要介绍了美国费城在MAP（壁画艺术项目）的帮助下，由一个满是丑陋涂鸦墙的城市转变为拥有许多美丽壁画的城市，并陈述了MLP的理念、如何运作以及取得的成果。41. What can be the best title for the text?A. Love, from Graffiti Writers to MuralistsB. MAP, a New Company in PhiladelphiaC. Jane, an Excellent Mural ArtistD. Hope, One Wall at a Time【答案】D【解析】本题属于主旨大意题中的选择标题。本题需要理解全篇文章的整体内容和主旨，为其选择合适的题目。A选项将重点放在了由涂鸦艺术家向壁画艺术家的转变。B选项是用MAP这个组织作为题目。C选项是以MAP中的艺术家Jane作为题目。而文章主旨是介绍了美国费城在MAP（壁画艺术项目）的帮助下，由一个满是丑陋涂鸦墙的城市转变为拥有许多美丽壁画的城市，ABC选项都只提到了其中的一部分，用做题目的话以偏概全，无法囊括文章的主旨。而D选项，用浪漫主义的手法概括了文章的主旨，并且Hope也是MAP的理念所在。42. What is the Mural Arts Program in Philadelphia aimed at?A. Helping the young find jobs.B. Protecting the neighborhood.C. Fighting against graffiti.D. Attracting more visitors.【答案】C【解析】本题属于细节理解题中的语义转化题。题目考查MAP的目的所在。文章中第二段第四行指出“The program began as part of Philadelphias Anti-Graffiti Network.”。这个项目新建之初是“费城反涂鸦组织”的一员，因此它的目的是反对涂鸦，和C选项意思相同和涂鸦抗争。Anti的意思和Fighting against的意思均为“反抗，反对”。43. How does the MAP decide on the message for a mural?A. By having discussions with people in the community.B. By seeking advice from the city government.C. By learning from the young graffiti writers.D. By studying the history of the city.【答案】A【解析】本题属于细节理解题中的事实细节题。文章中第三段第二行指出“When a neighborhood requests a mural, the MAP works with the people there to develop a message”。可见当MAP决定壁画的主题时，要和当地的人进行讨论，因此选A。其中community是社区的意思，people in the community即当地的人。44. Which of the following words best describes the work of the MAP?A. Difficult.B. Dangerous.C. Experimental. D. Successful.【答案】D【解析】本题属于观点态度题中的推测作者的情感倾向题。本题考查作者对MAP工作成就的态度。全篇都在描述费城由涂鸦之城变成壁画之城的巨大转变，字里行间对MAP的工作大加肯定。比如在第二段的第一、二行用美丽形容MAP提供的壁画艺术，并感谢MAP做的贡献。在第四段中阐述了MAP的工作量，侧面写出了对费城的巨大作用。因此MAP的工作是成功的。【体裁】记叙文【话题】社会文化类BFor those who study the development of intelligence (智力) in the animal world, self-awareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware (意识) of itself has a high level of intelligence.Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image (反射出的影像). Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying every little attention to the reflected image. Only humans, and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins, have shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self-reflection test.“We thought that elephants were the next important animal,” said Dianna Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study with Joshua M. Plotnik and Fans B.M. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains, Reiss said, elephants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins.”The researchers tested Happy, Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They put an 8-foot-square mirror on a wall of the animals play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it, and to examine parts of their bodies.Of the three, Happy then passed the test, in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.Diana Reiss said, “We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普知识类的记叙文。文章阐述了自我意识是区分动物聪明与否的标志，这可以通过能否在镜中辨认出自己来判断。科学家通过实验证实亚洲象可以辨认出自己身上的标记，是一种高智商的动物。45. What can mirror tests tell us about animals?A. Whether they have large brains.B. Whether they have self-awareness.C. Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises.D. Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.【答案】B【解析】本题属于细节理解题中的事实细节题。文章中第二段第一句提到“Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror”，意思是自我意识可以通过动物能否辨认出镜子中的自己来测试，因此题目问镜子测试能告诉我们什么时，应该选择B选项是否有自我意识。46. Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?A. They are most familiar to readers.B. They are big favorites with zoo visitors.C. They are included in the study by Reiss.D. They are already known to be intelligent.【答案】D【解析】本题属于细节理解题中的事实细节题。文章在第二段第三行提到“Only humans, and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins, have shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.”只有人类和一些高级动物（比如猩猩和海豚）能够在镜子中认出自己。题目问为何作者要提到猩猩和海豚，是为了说明已知它们是非常聪明的动物，故选D选项。47. What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty?A. She used her nose to search behind the mirror.B. She recognized her own image in the mirror.C. She painted a mark on her own face.D. She found the hidden camera.【答案】B【解析】本题属于细节理解题中的事实细节题。文章中第七段指出“Of the three, Happy then passed the test, in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.”。三头象中，只有Happy通过了测试，正好对应了题目中的“different”，是Happy与其他两头象的不同之处。后半句又说，在Happy的半边脸上清楚的做了标记。Happy通过看镜子可以找到标记在哪里，她也可以通过镜子用自己的长鼻子触摸标记。因此总体说来就是Happy在镜子实验中可以辨识出自己，故选择B选项。【体裁】记叙文【话题】科普知识类CStudent MembershipCambridge Arts CinemaCambridge Arts Cinema is one of the art houses in Britain and home of the internationally celebrated Cambridge Film Festival. Since 1947 generations of students have discovered the wealth of world cinema. Now you too can make most of it and save money.【语篇解读】本文是一篇广告信息类的应用文。文章主要目的是为了宣传剑桥艺术剧院的学生会员制。广告中提供了有关于剧院特色、会员权利、办理方式、价格、期限、联系方式等信息。48. Which of the following is the most famous event held at Cambridge Arts Cinema?A. The Cambridge Film Festival.B. Meetings with filmmakers.C. The preview screening.D. Monthly premieres.【答案】A【解析】本题属于细节理解题中的事实细节题。文章中第一段第一句提到“Cambridge Arts Cinema is one of the art houses in Britain and home of the internationally Cambridge Film Festival.”，意思是剑桥艺术剧院是英国的众多艺术剧院之一，它也是国际著名的剑桥电影节的故乡。由此可知，剑桥艺术剧院最有名的活动就是剑桥电影节，也就是A选项。用排除法亦可得到正确答案，B、C、D选项都在后面得剧院特色中出现。49. If youre a member of Cambridge Arts Cinema, you will enjoy free _.A. Darkroom Gallery showsB. mailed programmesC. special film eventsD. film shows【答案】B【解析】本题属于细节理解题中的语义转化题。文章在“What you get as a member”（会员权利）中提到“your own copy of each cinema programme mailed free of charge”，意思是：成为会员，你可以得到免费邮寄的剧院节目单，故可以免费得到的是邮寄的节目单，选B选项。50. How long will the membership for Cambridge Arts Cinema last?A. Four months.B. Eight months.C. Nine months.D. One year.【答案】C【解析】本题属于细节理解题中的数字计算题。文章中关于缴费和期限的部分指出“your card can be used from 1st October 2011 to 30th June 2012”，由此可以计算会员的期限是从2011年的10月1日到2012年的6月30日，总共是9个月，故选C选项。51. For what purpose is the text written?A. Offering students cheaper tickets. B. Announcing the opening of a premiere.C. Telling the public of the cinemas address.D. Increasing the cinemas membership.【答案】D【解析】本题属于观点态度题中的推测作者的写作意图和观点类题。文章的题目就是剑桥艺术剧院的学生会员制，在文中也写到成为会员的好处，如何办理等等，作为一则广告，目的就在于吸引更多的人来办理会员，故选D选项。【体裁】应用文【话题】广告信息类DThe way we do things round hereSome years ago, I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started, “Dear John, I am quite pleased that you have decided to join us.” That “quite” saddened me. I thought he was saying “were kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else.” Then I discovered that in American English “quite” sometimes means “very”, while in British English it means “fairly”.So the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that I dont just mean the words people speak. It is body language, dress, manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures (文化). Some of these differences may be only on the surface-dress, food and hours of work-while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate (气候), while getting on with business.Some of the differences may be an improvement. People are more polite; the service is better; you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. However, other differences can be troubling, like punctuality (准时). If you invite people to a party at 7 oclock your