八年级英语冠词的用法.doc

八年级英语上冠词详解冠词不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a，an、定冠词the和零冠词(/)三种。 这三种冠词主要围绕 “泛指”、“特指”与“类指”展开。1. a和an的用法1）. 用于可数名词的单数形式之前，表示一 There is a tiger in the zoo. 动物园里有一只老虎。 A hundred and more people attended this meeting. 100多人参加了这次会议。 2）. 表示一类人或事物 A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎可能有危害性。 3）. 表示某一个的意思 A gentleman wants to see you. 有一位先生要见你。 4）. 表示同一的意思 They are nearly of an age. 他们几乎同岁。 The two shirts are much of a size. 这两件衬衫大小差不多。 5）. 表示每一的意思 We go swimming four times a week. 我们每周去游泳四次。 6）. 用在作表语的单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业 My mother is a teacher. 我妈妈是教师。 7）. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个 Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter. 很久很久以前，有一个年老的国王，他有一个非常美丽的女儿。 8）. 在英国英语中，以h开头的多音节词，如第一个音节不重读，其前亦可用an He plays soccer for an hour. 他踢一个小时足球。 9）. 在感叹句 what.的句式中 What a pretty girl she is! 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀！ 用在某些表示数量的词组中： a lot of 许多 a couple of 一对 a great many 很多 a dozen 一打（但也可以用 one dozen） a great deal of 大量 10）.用语习惯用语中 all of a sudden 突然 as a result 结果 a little 一点；一些 a bit 一点 a great many=a very large number of 许多；大量 a great deal(of.) 许多 a lot(of.)许多 have- a cold 感冒 have a good(nice,wonderful,great)time 玩得高兴 pay a visit 拜访 2. the的用法 1). 用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物 This is the house where Luxun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 2). 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物 Open the door, please. 请把门打开。 3). 用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”） Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him. 从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。 4). 用在序数词和形容词最高级前 January is the first month of the year. 一月份是一年当中的第一个月。 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来最后一个离开。 Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。 5). 表示地球、宇宙等独一无二的事物 the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空 the world 世界 6). 指由普通名词构成的专有名词 the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 长城 the United States 美国 the United Nations 联合国 the Browns 布朗一家 the English 英国人 the WTO 世界贸易组织 7). 表示地点、方位、时间 用于表示地点、方位，具体的时间或某天的一部分等。 in the east 在东方 in the west 在西方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部 at the top 在顶部 on the right 在右边 on the left 在左边 8). 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe River 黄河 the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡 9). 在姓氏复数前，表示一家人 The Bakers came to see me yesterday. 贝克一家人昨天来看我。 10). 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the sick 病人 the wounded 伤员 the good 好人 the beautiful 美丽的事物 11). 用在表示阶级、政党的名词前 the working class 工人阶级 the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党 12).用于西洋乐器前（民族乐器前不加） play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 *中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:play erhu(二胡)the+n发明物 必须是单数 who invented the telephone? 13). 某些固定的表达法 in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影 all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 前往.去的路上 14). the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物 The horse is a useful animal.马是一种有用的动物。 注意：像这类句子还有如下两种写法 A horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals. 15).在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中要用 the take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂 hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸 be red in the face 脸红 be lame in the right leg 右腿瘸 等结构中,名词前要用the 16) 用在世纪或逢十1990的复数名词前 in the18th century 在18世纪 in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代 17) 用于报刊 杂志 会议 条义 历史 时期 朝代的名词前 the Xian incident 西安事变 18) 多与民族 国籍的形容词连用 the chinese are brave hard-working people 中国人是勤劳和勇敢的人3.零冠词的用法1）. 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前一般不加冠词（在特指时加冠词） (/)China 中国 (/)Europe 欧洲 (/)Money 金钱 (/)Music 音乐 (/)Lei Feng 雷锋 (/)William Shakespeare 威廉莎士比亚 2）. 月份、星期、节日 前一般不加冠词（在特指时加冠词） (/)January 一月份 (/)Sunday 星期日 (/)Christmas Day 圣诞节 (/)Thanksgiving 感恩节 (/)National Day 国庆节 (/)May Day 劳动节 比较： .on a Sunday morning. 在一个星期天的早晨. （表示某一个。） 注:民族节日前要加the 如:the Spring Festival 3）. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠词 I have (/)lunch at (/)school. 我在学校吃午餐。 (/)Summer is the best season for swimming. 夏天是游泳的好季节。 比较： I had a big lunch yesterday. 昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。（表示某一个） The dinner given by Mr Smith was very nice. 史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。（表示特指） 比较： I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii. 我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。 （表示特指） 4）. 进行球类运动 play (/) basketball 打篮球 play (/) volleyball 打排球 play (/) football 踢足球 5）. 没有特指的物质名词 This cart is made of (/) wood.这辆手推车是用木头作的。 比较： The wood outside was all wet. 外面的那些木头都湿了。（表示特指） 6）. 没有特指的不可数抽象名词 (/) Time is precious. 时间是宝贵的。 比较： The time of the play was 1990s. 这个剧本的时代背景是二十世纪九十年代。（表示特指） 7）. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。 I like (/) tomatoes. 我喜欢西红柿。 8）. 山峰 (/) Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰 9）. 指职位、头衔的词，如king，captain，president，chairman ，leader等。 He is (/或the) captain of the team. 他是球队的队长。 As (/或the) chairman of the committee, I declare the meeting open. 作为委员会主席，我宣布会议开始。 比较：The Captain of Morritius （荷兰殖民时期）毛里求斯首长 冠词和三餐的搭配 三餐名词单独使用时，之前通常不加冠词 三餐名词之前若加形容词时则除外： We have (/) breakfast at eight 我们8点钟吃早饭。 He gave us a good breakfast 他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。 识记与比较At table 在进餐 at the table 在桌子旁边 at desk 在读书 at the desk 在课桌旁 at school 在上学 at the school 在学校里 in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里面 in bed 卧床 in the bed 在床上 in prison 坐牢 in the prison （因事）在监狱 in hospital 住院 in the hospital （因事）在医院 go to school 去上学 go to the school （因事）去学校 go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed (因事)在床上 go to hospital 去看病 go to the hospital (因事)去医院 out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 完全不可能通常使用不定冠词的短语 all of a sudden 突然 as a result 结果，因此 in a hurry 急忙 in a way 在某种程度上 in a word 总而言之 Its a pity that 令人遗憾的是 come to an end 结束 come to a conclusion 得出结论 have a good time 玩得愉快 have a rest 休息一下 have a cold 感冒 have a word with 和谈一谈 make a living 谋生 make a fire 生火 make a fool of 愚弄 take a walk 散步 1. - By the way, have you got _ e-mail address? - Oh, yes, it is swimonland .A. a B. an C. the D. /2. - Mike，could you come and give me hand? - OK，Mum. Im coming now. A. a B. an C the .D 不填3. How many _ can you see in the following pictures? Three. A. boy B. animals C. bread D. building4. Timmy goes to school _ every day. Its 5 minutes walk from his home to school. A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat5. Everything is _ at night markets. You dont need a lot of money to have a good time. A. cheap B. bad C. tired D. dear6. Excuse me, _ is the nearest bookshop? Go down the street and turn left at the second corner. A. how B. what C. where D. who7. The sign z tells us _. A. NO SMOKING B. NO PARKING C. NO PHOTOS D. NO FOOD8. Can you play football? Yes, I can, _ I cant play it very well. A. or B. and C. so D. but9. Last month, students had to have their lessons by internet _ because of SARS. A. on the playground B. at home C. in the street D. near the hospital10. It is _ today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming this afternoon? A .the hottest B. hot C. hottest D. hotter11. Listen! Some of the girls _ about Harry Potter. Lets join them! A. are talking B. talk C. will talk D. talked12. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of13. Our teacher, Miss Chen, _ English on the radio the day before yesterday. A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught14. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did15. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few16. I dont think I _ you in that dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see17. Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures _ a camera. A. as B. for C. like D. of18. You want _ sandwich? Yes, I usually eat a lot when Im hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other19. Dont you think you should paint the wall? Who would _? A. see B. look C. watch D. notice20. I forgot to bring my notebook. _. You can borrow some paper from me. A. Help yourself B. Im sorry C. No problem D. So careless老师版1. -By the way, have you got _ e-mail address?-Oh, yes, it is swimonland . A. a B. an C. the D. /2.- Mike，could you come and give me hand? - OK，Mum. Im coming now. A. a B. an C the .D 不填3. How many _ can you see in the following pictures? Three. A. boys B. animals C. films D. buildings4. Timmy goes to school _ every day. Its 5 minutes walk from his home to school. A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat5. Everything is _ at night markets. You dont need a lot of money to have a good time. A. cheap B. bad C. tired D. dear6. Excuse me, _ is the nearest bookshop? Go down the street and turn left at the second corner. A. how B. what C. where D. who7. The sign z tells us _. A. NO SMOKING B. NO PARKING C. NO PHOTOS D. NO FOOD8. Can you play football?Yes, I can, _ I cant play it very well.转折关系 A. or B. and C. so D. but9. Last month, students had to have their lessons by internet _ because of SARS. A. on the playground B. at home C. in the street D. near the hospital10. It is _ today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming this afternoon? A .the hottest B. hot C. hottest D. hotter11. Listen! Some of the girls _ about Harry Potter. Lets join them! A. are talking B. talk C. will talk D. talked出现listen,look等词，优先考虑使用进行时态。12. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of数字+thousand原形正确 Thousands of 正确，其他形式不正确13. Our teacher, Miss Chen, _ English on the radio the day before yesterday. A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught14. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did考虑两点问题就能解题：1语序：陈述语序2时态：看时间状语15. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few判断标准：1Little few的区别2肯定还是否定16. I dont think I _ you in that dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see17. Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures _ a camera. A. as B. for C. like D. of18. You want _ sandwich?Yes, I usually eat a lot when Im hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other19. Dont you think you should paint the wall?Who would _? A. see B. look C. watch D. notice20. I forgot to bring my notebook. _. You can borrow some paper from me. A. Help yourself B. Im sorry C. No problem D. So careless答案： BABCA CADBD ADBCD ACBDC额外多余练习题 1. Tomorrow is _ Teachers Day and well make _ card for our English teacher.2. The bus is running about seventy miles_ hour.3. Mary is interested in _ science.4. Some people dont like to talk at _ table.5. Last night I went to_ bed very late.6. Dont worry. We still have _ little time left.7. What _ beautiful day! And what _ fine weather!8. In _ winter it is cold in _ Beijing and warm in _Shanghai.9. John is_ cleverest boy in his class.10. We cant live without _ water or _ air.11. Tomorrow Mr. Smith will leave Paris, _capital of_ France, for Washington by_ air.12. We were having_ lunch when they came in.13. This is _ book you gave me last week.14. What did you do _ last Saturday?15. March 8 is _ Womens Day.16. If _ weather is fine tomorrow, we will go to the park.17. I prefer playing _ piano to playing _ basketball.18. At _ age of five, he read a lot of books.19. Tom and Lucy are of _ same age.20. _ harder we study, _ more we learn.21Cindy is amazing singer. She has lots of fans.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填22. -Why do you like Mary?-Because she is honest girl. ? A.a B.an C. the23.Jenny is _American.She works in _company in China now. A.an;a B.an;the C.a;an24. -What would you like for _breakfast,Mr.Green? -Two pieces of bread and_cup of tea,please A.a;the B./;a C./;the25.Avatar（阿凡达）is such_wonderful science fiction movie that I want to see it _second time. A.a,a B.a,the C./,the D./,a26.There is _local shop for people to buy daily things in the small village. A.a B.an C.the D.不填27. Many people think that 2012 is one of _ most successful films. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填28.If you go by train,you can have quite_comfortable joueney,but make sure you take_fast one. A.a;a B.the;a C.the;the D.不填;a29. Its reported that a terrible rainstorm hit _ south of our country. A. a B. the C. / D. an30.My sister can play_violin very well.A.the B.a C./31.-Look !Whats that moving high up in _sky? -It must be_plane. A.a;the B.the;/ C.the;a D./;a32.-How was _dinner at Mikes house? -It was great.Mikes mum is _wonderful cook. A.a,the B.the,a C.the,the D.a,an33.-What shall we have for supper? -I bought _big fish at_only market near my office. A.a;a B.a;the C.the ;不填34.Medicine is dangerous for children,so it should be kept away _them. A.by B.to C.from35.-May I have a look at the MP4 sir? -Which one?_black one? A.A B.An C.The D.不填36.一Shall we pay visit to Expo 2010，Shanghai? 一No，Id rather stay at home and play football A a; the B the；a C不填，the D a，不填37. There are sixty minutes in _hour. A. a B. an C. the38.-Lingling !Do you know _woman in white? -Yes.She is _nurse in Liaocheng Peoples Hospital. A.a;a B.the;the C.a;the D.the ;a39. We often take part in after class activities（活动）,I like to play_basketball,but my brother likes to play_guitar. A.a;the B.the;the C.不填,不填 D.不填,the40.-What do you want to be when you grow up? -_actor like Jet Li. A.An B.A C.The D./41.-Bob, you look so happy today! -Well，I got _ A on my English test Athe Ba Can D/42.-May I have a look at _ book tonight? -Of course, you can. I have _ old one at home. A. the; a B. a; the C. the; an D. the; the43.Every one of you is looking forward _ getting a good result. Better think carefully before writing down your a