阅读理解主旨大意题.ppt

高三英语专题复习 HowToGetTheMainIdea 如何做主旨大意题 题型及解题技巧 猜测词义 主旨大意 1 2 3 4 5 6 细节理解 观点态度 篇章结构 推理判断 阅读技巧 主旨大意 考查考生 技巧 加工与浓缩信息的能力 Whatisthemainsubject thebesttitleofthepassage Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage 3 Thetitlethatbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassageis 4 Fromthepassageweknowthat 5 Themainideaofthispassageis 6 Thepassageismainlyabout 7 Choosethebesttitleforthepassage Doyouknowthefollowingsentences 8 Thebesttitle headlineforthispassagemightbe Thetext passage couldbeentitled Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage 11 Thispassagechieflydealswith 12 What sthetopicofthearticle 13 Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext 14 Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned Thepositionofthetopicsentence Atthebeginning Attheend Inthemiddle Nocleartopicsentence Ratsarestillalmostasbigadangertopeopleastheywerelongago Theystillspreaddiseaseandeatcrops Muchofthehungerwehavetodayiscausedbyrats Theyeathalfofthegrainharvestedintheworld topicsentence Sample1 主题句呈现的形式 主题句出现在文章或段落开头时 先提出主题 随之用细节来解释 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想 最常见的演绎法写作方式 A 文首 OneofthemostimportantweaponsusedduringtheSecondWorldWarwasnotaweaponusedagainstpeople butratheradrugusedagainstdisease Thewartimeuseofpenicillin 青霉素 savedthousandsoflives IntheFirstWorldWar forexample pneumonia 肺炎 wasresponsibleforeighteenpercentofallthedeathsintheUnitedStatesarmy IntheSecondWorldWar theratewentdowntolessthanonepercent topicsentence Sample2 Sample3 Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious Theworldpopulationisrisingsoquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals Ifwecontinuetodothis humanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive topicsentence Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent Ontheotherhand nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessi onalcriminal Andthemanwhoknows everything mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness So itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance So itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance Sample1 主题句出现在文章或段落结尾时 在表述细节后 归纳要点 印象 结论建议或结果 以概括主题 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式 B 文尾 OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin Everyonewasastonishedtoseehim Therewasjustoneproblem Merlinhadnowaytostophisrollerskates 旱冰鞋 Herolledonandon Suddenly heranintoahugemirrorthatwashangingonthewall Downfellthemirror breakingtopieces NobodyforgotMerlin sgrandentranceforalongtime topicsentence Sample2 Wethinkofafloodoranearthquakeasanaturaldisaster Tomanyofnature sanimals however thegreatestdisasteristhecomingoflargenumbersofhumans WhensettlerscamefromtheEasttoAmerica sgreatwesternplains theykilledmillionsofbison 北美野牛 poisonedtheprairiedogs 草原犬鼠 andshotthecoyotes 郊狼 Allthisupsetthearea sbalanceofnature Fortheanimals itwasworsethanafloodorearthquake topicsentence Sample1 C 文中 当主题句出现在文中时 通常前面只提出问题 然后由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出主题 而后又作进一步的解释 支撑或发展 Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatiregoesflat Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark Infact themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout Sample2 topicsentence 即主题句隐含在全文中 没有明确的主题句 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节 进行全面考虑 综合分析 然后找出共同的东西 归纳成一般概念 必须注意的是 既不能以偏概全 也不能在概括时过于宽泛 要恰如其分 D 无主题句 TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors HarvardLawSchooland later BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami Florida Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat A Tom whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears movedtoanotheruniversity B TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege C TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity D Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation detail detail detail Sample1 topicsentence Practicemakesperfect Practice练习 Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention ColorTV Only 79 Twodayssale Hurry However whenyougotothestorereadytobuy Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel Amuchbettersetwhichis justrightforyou Itcosts 395 Thissalestrickiscalled bait 诱饵 andswitch Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale Theparagraphcouldbeentitled A BuyerBewareB Closeout 出清存货 SaleC CrimePaysD BuyingaTVSet Thissalestrickiscalled baitandswitch Ex 1 topicsentence Readingisthekeytoschoolsuccessand likeanyskillittakespractice Achildlearnstowalkbypracticinguntilhenolongerhastothinkabouthowtoputonefootinfrontoftheother Agreatathletepracticesuntilhecanplayquickly accurately 精确 withoutthinking Tennisplayerscallthat being inthezone Educatorscallit automaticity 自动 Q Thefirstparagraphtellsus whatautomaticityishowaccuracyisacquiredC howachildlearnstowalkD howanathleteistrained Ex 2 如何做主旨大意题 做此类题目时 第一 要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意 可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉 进行综合归纳 概括文章的主题 如有标题 标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息 第二 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的 因此 许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词 即高频词 也叫做主题词 抓住了它 便容易抓住文章的中心 Summary 第三 要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想 段落中心思想常常由主题句 Topicsentence 来表达 主题句常常出现在段首 60 90 或段尾处 有时也在段落中间 同样 一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出 因此 在阅读中 我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意 注意事项 1所选有据 避免主观阅读他人作品 理解他人的意图 必须以作者的思维模式为准绳 以原文提供的事实 细节逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点 切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点和看法混为一谈 自以为是 文章中的数字 日期 时间 表限量的词或短语等都是设题的重点 若只注意明显的内容 正好走进实的陷井 若不注意虚的内容 想当然答题多半会错 因此 必须学会 虚实结合 2符合原文的答案 正确答案 最佳答案阅读题要求