病理生理疾病概论

疾 病 概 论Conspectus of Disease,河 科 大 医 学 院病理学与病理生理学教研室,1,Conspectus of Disease,Concept of health and disease Etiology of disease Pathogenesis of disease Outcome of disease,2,Health,健康是指不仅没有疾病, 而且是一种躯体上、精神上和社会上的完好状态。,Health indicates not only withou anyevidence of disease , but also a state of complete well-being physically , psychologically and socially.,3,要学会宽恕他人,4,最后，不要为钱所累,5,Idealism(唯心论）Popular viewpoint Ancient Indian MedicineAncient Chinese MedicineGenerally accepted concept,Different viewpoint about disease,6,Disease,在病因作用下，机体的稳态破坏而发生的异常生命活动,Abnormal life process of deregulated homeostasis caused by harmful agents,7,Sub-health,Sub-health,health,disease,8,在很多疾病中出现的共同的、成套的病理变化,Pathological process,Some common and collective pathological alterations presented in a group of disease,9,Etiology of Disease,10,Etiology,研究疾病发生的原因和条件及其作用机制,11,疾病发生的原因,引起疾病并赋予该疾病特征的因素,12,致病特点致病取决于机体的感受性受机体免疫功能的影响入侵门户及繁殖部位不同,Biological agents,Kinds and characteristics of causative factors,13,14,致病特点致病取决于机体的感受性受机体免疫功能的影响入侵门户及繁殖部位不同,Biological agents,Kinds and characteristics of causative factors,15,致病特点 常只引起疾病的发生 常没有明显的潜伏期 一般没有器官选择性,Physical agents,16,致病特点 常有器官选择性 在体内有积蓄作用 致病与机体的解毒 和排泄功能有关,Chemical agents,17,Nutritional agents,营养物质缺乏 基本物质缺乏 微量元素缺乏 营养过剩,18,Genetic factors,*遗传物质改变致病基因突变引起分子病染色体畸变引起染色体病遗传易感性,19,Congenital factors,*作用于胎儿的有害因素,图：唇裂,图：无脑儿,20,Immunological factors,hypersensitivity autoimmunity immunodeficiency,21,Psychological factors,Social factors,22,Kinds and characteristics of causative factors,biological agents,physical agents,chemical agents,nutritional agents,genetic factors,congenital factors,immunological factors,psychological factors,social factors,23,疾病发生的条件,影响疾病发生的因素,24,原因与条件的关系,原因在条件的基础上起作用原因与条件是相对的,25,Pathogenesis of Disease,26,1. Reversal role of cause and result 因果交替,General rule for pathogenesis of disease,27,外伤,特点链式发展有主导环节,28,外伤 大出血血容量 血压 交感N兴奋 血管收缩 组织缺血 微循环淤血,恶性循环,特点链式发展有主导环节,实践意义增加预见性指导治疗,可形成恶性循环,29,2. Damage and anti-damage 损伤与抗损伤,General rule for pathogenesis of disease,1. Reversal role of cause and result,30,外伤 大出血血容量 血压 交感N兴奋 血管收缩 组织缺血 微循环淤血,31,外伤 大出血血容量 血压 交感N兴奋 血管收缩 组织缺血 微循环淤血,32,相互联系, 相互对抗,损伤,抗损伤,特点,两种力量对比决定疾 病发展的方向,33,损伤,抗损伤,病情好转,相互联系, 相互对抗两种力量对比决定疾 病发展的方向,特点,34,损伤,抗损伤,病情恶化,相互联系, 相互对抗两种力量对比决定疾 病发展的方向,特点,35,损伤,抗损伤,可相互转化,相互联系, 相互对抗两种力量对比决定疾 病发展的方向,特点,36,外伤 大出血血容量 血压 交感N兴奋 血管收缩 组织缺氧 微循环淤血,37,外伤 大出血血容量 血压 交感N兴奋 血管收缩 组织缺氧 微循环淤血,38,3. Local and system 局部与整体,2. Damage and anti-damage,General rule for pathogenesis of disease,1. Reversal role of cause and result,39,Neural and homoral mechanism 神经体液机制 Cellular mechanism 细胞机制 Molecular mechanism 分子机制,Fundamental mechanisms for diseases,40,Outcome of Disease,41,outcome of disease,42,Death,Concept,Traditional concept,濒死期 临床死亡期 生物学死亡期,43,机体作为一个整体的功能永久停止,Death,Concept,Modern concept,44,机体作为一个整体的功能永久停止,*Sign of death- brain death,Death,Concept,Modern concept,45,全脑功能不可逆性永久性停止,Death,Concept of brain death,A state of prolonged irreversiblecessation of all brain activity,46,全脑功能不可逆性永久性停止,Death,Concept of brain death,A state of prolonged irreversiblec