园林树木合理管理献力生态建设.doc

/ / / /园林树木合理管理献力生态建设园林绿化树木的养护管理，在园林绿化工程项目中占据极其重要的地位。所以，人们形容树木的种植施工与养护管理的关系是：“三分种植，七分养护”。为提高园林绿化企业管理水平，增加经济收入。Maintenance and management of garden greening trees, occupied an important position in landscape engineering projects. So, people describe the relationship between plant construction and maintenance and management of trees is: three points seven points of planting, maintenance. In order to improve the landscaping business management level, increase the economic income.树木对于肥料的需要，随树种、树龄、生长发育状况和季节、土质、水分、气候等条件的不同而有很大的差异。陕北地区应在养护期内第一年秋末冬初采用穴状、环状、放射沟状（任选一种方法）施一次羊粪等有机肥。Trees need for fertilizers, with tree species, tree age, growth and development status and season, soil, water, climate conditions are different and there are great differences. Northern Shaanxi area should be in the maintenance period of the first year in late autumn and early winter the cavernous, circular, radial groove (optional method) was applied at a rate of sheep manure, organic fertilizer.其次养护期内每年5、6、7月份可采用根施法、叶面追肥法根据实际情况追施13次尿素、过磷酸钙等无机肥。 Secondly, maintenance period every year 5, 6, July by root application method, foliage dressing method according to the actual situation of topdressing 1 3 times of urea, superphosphate and other inorganic fertilizer.施肥时应注意：有机肥料要充分发酵、腐熟；化肥必须完全粉碎成粉状。施肥后（尤其是化肥），必须及时适量灌水。叶面追肥，最好于傍晚喷施。园林绿化树木施肥不同于其它造林地，在选择确定施肥方法，肥料种类及施肥量时都应考虑到市容与环境卫生方面的要求。 Should pay attention to when fertilization: organic fertilizer to fully fermented, compost; fertilizer must be completely crushed into powder. After fertilization (especially fertilizer), must be timely and proper irrigation. Foliar fertilizer, the best in the evening of. Garden trees fertilization is different from other plantation, determine the fertilization methods in selecting, fertilizer type and fertilization should be considered when considering the appearance and environmental sanitation requirements.黄土高原地区春季干旱多风，降雨偏少，空气湿度小蒸发量大。故水分是这一地区园林绿化树木成活的第一要素，养护期内每年46月份，根据气候变化情况每月灌水12次。灌水一般采用树盘、水圈、畦灌等灌溉方法进行。待水全部渗完表面稍干后，应及时封堰或中耕。当最高气温达到30中午阳光直射时，要停止浇水。防止土温剧降、造成树木根部吸水困难，引起生理干旱，出现临时萎蔫现象。 The Loess Plateau windy spring drought, low rainfall, air humidity evaporation. So water is the first element of this area landscaping tree survival, annual maintenance period from 4 to June, according to the monthly irrigation climate change 1 2 times. Irrigation by tree disc, hydrosphere, border irrigation, irrigation method. The water infiltration through surface slightly dry after, should be promptly sealing weir or cultivator. When the maximum temperature reached 30 noon sunlight, to stop watering. To prevent the soil temperature, water has caused difficulties caused by tree roots, physiological drought, temporary wilting phenomenon.土壤含水过多，达到饱活状态时，土中空气被排挤，造成缺氧，使树木根系的呼吸作用受到阻碍，时间一长会使树根窒息，腐烂致死。所以地势低洼处，在79月雨季期间要做好防涝排水工作。下面介绍常用的几种排水方法。 Soil water too much, to achieve full live state, the soil air is squeezed out, causing hypoxia, the respiration of root of trees is hindered, a long time will make the root rot suffocation, death. So the low-lying department, in 7 September during the rainy season to waterlogging drainage. Here are several drainage methods commonly used.明沟排水法：在绿地表面挖明沟，将低洼处的积水引至出水处。此法适用于大雨后抢救性排除积水。 Open ditch drainage method: open trench in the green surface, will lead to the low-lying water outlet. This method is applicable to salvage drain the water after heavy rain.暗沟排水法：在地下埋设管道或用砖砌筑暗沟将低洼处的积水排出。此法可保持地面原貌，又方便交通，节约用地，但造价较高。 Mole drainage method: discharge in the underground pipeline or brick underdrain will low-lying seeper. This method can keep the surface appearance, and convenient traffic, land conservation, but the cost is high.园林绿化树木在移栽过程中地上部分和根系都受到一定程度的损伤，免疫力下降，在新栽环境内易受病虫害的危害，所以养护管理期内一定要注意病虫害防治，加强水肥管理以增强树木的抗性。 The garden trees in the transplanting process in aboveground part and roots were damaged to a certain extent, decreased immunity, in the new situation in susceptible to diseases and insect pests, so the maintenance period must pay attention to pest control, strengthen the management of water and fertilizer to enhance the resistance of trees.陕北地区冬季气温低，春季多风，对新栽树木危害较大。在冬季来临前用草绳缠绕树干至胸高处，然后再用地膜缠严，树干基部培土搭支撑。 Northern low temperature in winter, windy spring, on the newly planted trees of great harm. Before the winter with the rope winding tree trunks to chest height, then the film wrapped around tree trunks up a support base.多数树木喜欢土质疏松、透气良好，因长期人流践踏造成土壤板结，会防碍树木的正常生长，引起早衰；特别是根系较浅的乔灌木和一些常绿树，开平线反应更为敏感。对这类树木在改善通气条件后，应围篱或栅栏加以围护。Most trees like loose soil, good permeability, due to the long-term people trampling caused by soil compaction, normal growth, hinder the growth of trees induced premature senescence; especially the shallower shrubs and evergreen trees, more sensitive reaction. To this kind of trees in the improved ventilation condition, should hedge or fence to enclosure.为突出主要景观，围篱要适当低些；造型和花色宜简朴，以不喧宾夺主为佳，围护也可用绿篱形式。 In order to highlight the main landscape, the fence to reasonably low; shapes and colors should be simple, with no distracting is better, can also be used to hedge forms enclosure.为提高市民、游人、小区居民爱绿护绿的意识，在园林绿化工程养护管理过程中应在主要景观旁及路口埋设宣传牌，给树木挂标签。 In order to improve the citizens, tourists, residents love the green green consciousness, in landscape maintenance and management process should be in the main buried landscape and road sign, hang tags to the trees.为了保护树木、免遭或少受人为破坏及时发现存在问