TO DO 不定式.ppt

Todo不定式 1 不定式的用法1 作主语不定式短语作主语时 一般表示具体的 个别的 一次性的或具有将来意义的动作 谓语动词用单数 TomasteraforeignLanguagerequirespainstakingeffort 辛苦的努力 Tocombinetheorywithpracticeisagoodwayoflearning It 动词 宾语等 todosthItmakesmesicktothinkaboutit Itdoesyoualotofgood swim intherivers It be 表语 todosthItwasrighttogiveupsmoking Itwasbeyondme help him It be 表语 forsb todosth forsth tobedone Itisimportantforyoutoattendthatmeeting Itisagoodidea thebooks give toher It be 表语 of 名词 代词 todosthItiskindofyoutooffermethislovelyholiday Itwascareless you leave yourbookonthebus toswim tohelp for tobegiven of toleave 2 作表语 动词不定式放在be become sound taste等系动词后面常表示将来的动作或起解释说明作用 其主语常常是wish idea task purpose duty job等表示意向 打算 计划的词 Myambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftware 我的目标是在开发电脑软件的公司里工作 动词不定式作表语时也常用来表示预定要发生的动作 或表示未来的可能性或假设 Thestudentsaretomeetattheschoolgatetomorrow 明天学生们将在学校大门口见面 注意 当主语部分有实义动词do时 作表语的不定式也可不带to Theonlythingyoucandois to waitandsee 3 作宾语 以下动词可用于 主语 动词 todoIcannotafford pay suchaprice Wedecidednottogooutbecauseoftheweather afford agree aim attempt begin decide demand deserve fail guarantee happen help hesitate hope intend manage mean offer prefer prepare pretend promise prove refuse seem strive swear threaten try volunteer topay 以下动词可用于 主语 动词 on for 宾语 todo 宾语 CanyouarrangefortheinstrumentstobedeliveredonMonday Iamcountingon 依靠 allofyoutohelpmethrough rely count arrange long wait 以下动词可用于 主语 动词 疑问词 todo 宾适 Heaskedhowtogettothestation Idon tknowwhethertoapplyforthejobornot ask decide know remember forget explain learn wonder 以下动词可用于 主语 动词 it 宾补 todo 宾语 Idon tthinkitnecessarytogoonwiththeexperiment Iconsider myduty write toyouandthankyou believe consider count declare deny feel find guess imagine judge know prove realizereport see show suppose suspect take think understand it towrite 4 作宾语补足语 下列动词可用于 动词 宾语 todo 结构 Iadvise allow askyoutoleave Weshallrequestthecommitteetoconsideroursuggestion Irecommendyou buy thisdictionary advise allow ask beg cause challenge command dare determine direct discover drive enable expect encourage forbid force get inform invite order permit persuade prepare recommend remind request require send teach urge want warn wish tobuy 在下列感官动词和使役动词用于 动词 宾语 do 结构Wefeltthehouseshake Theymadetheboygotobedearly Isawher leave theclassroomquietly Couldyouhavehimcallmewhenhegetsback 一感 feel 二听 hear listento 三使役 make let have 五看 see lookat watch notice observe leave 说明 这些句子如果变成被动结构都必须带to let的被动形式通常用allow permit givepermission的被动形式 例如Ioftenhearhimsingthesong Heisoftenheardtosingthesong Ilethimgo Hewasallowed permittedtogo 动词help后接动词作宾语补足语省略的情况常见于美国英语中 注意 havesb dosth 用于通常情况下期望别人为自己做事 常指份内该做的事 getsb todosth 用于劝说别人做我们所希望的事 常指有一定难度 makesb dosth指使用权力或权威追使别人做不情愿做的事 例如Hehadthesalespersonshowhim12pairsofshoes Thebosshadusprepareaprogressreporteveryweek Ittookalongtime butfinallyIgotmybosstoletmetakeaweekoff Howdoestheteachergetherstudentstostaysoquiet HowcanImakeherwearthisdressifshedoesn twantto Therobbermadetheclerkgivehimthemoney 下列动词可用于 动词 宾语 tobe 形容词或名词 结构 Ibelievehimtobehonest Everybodyconsiderthis afact Ijudgehimtobeaboutfifty Hedeclaredhimselftobeamemberoftheclub believe consider count declare deny feel find guess imagine judge know prove realize suppose think tobe hope demand suggest等后不能接动词不定式作宾语补足语 Ihope demand suggestyoutocome 错误 Ihopethatyoucancomeontime 正确 Idemand suggestthatyoushouldcomeontime 正确 说明 将不定式作宾语补足语的句子改为被动语态时 动词不定式就成了主语补足语 也就是说 它与句子主语构成了主谓关系 例如Ithoughthimtobethebestplayerofthebasketball Heisthoughttobethebestplayerofthebasketball WesawhimenterthehallHewasseentoenterthehall 5 作定语ItwasthefirstbooktohaveappearedonthesubjectHewasthefirstonetohavebeeninvitedtotheparty不定式作定语有时几乎等于一个定语从句 有时具有情态意义 大都用于表示即将发生的动作 例如Heisnotamantobowbeforedifficulties 不可能会 Sheusuallyhasalotofmeetingstoattendintheevening 必须做 Itisn tathingtotalkabout 不应该谈论 We llhavemoreactivitieslikethisinthefewweekstocome 将要到来 TheconferencetotakeplaceinShanghainextmonthisofgreatimportance 将要发生 在某些由动词派生的名词后常接不定式作定语Idon ttrusthispromise come foravisit Hehaspersistedin 坚持 herrefusaltospendChristmasatschool 注意 在intention或hope后常接 of 动名词或动名词的复合结构 形式 agreement arrangement attempt claim decision desire determination failure need offer plan pleasurepromise refusal tendency threat warning wish等 tocome 某些由形容词派生的名词后常接不定式作定语Yourability analyze theproblemreallysurprisesme Hehasfulfilledhisambitiontobeawriter ability ambition anxiety capability curiosity eagerness freedom patience readiness willingness等 toanalyze 用于说明某些名词的内容 常接不定式作定语Youmusthavethecouragetosay No Wehavegoodreasontobelievethatheislying appeal campaign chance courage effort evidence opportunity position power reason right sense skillstruggle talent way等 说明名词或代词所起的作用 与不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系A 中心词是名词Weareinneedofnursestotakecareofchildren Ineedaboxtoholdmybooks B 中心词是代词Haveyouanythingtocuremybadcold Thereisnoonetolookafterthechild 在theonly 序数词 thefirst thesecond 顺序词 thelast thenext 或形容词最高级修饰的名词后用不定式作定语 Lindawastheonlyone stay forthewholeperformance Theyarethefirsttobearhardships thelasttoenjoycomfort 他们吃苦在前 享乐在后 Theyoungestperson enter theprogrammewasjustfourteen theonly 序数词 thefirst thesecond顺序词 thelast thenext 形容词最高级 名词 不定式 tostay toenter 说明 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词 或不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点 工具等 不定式后须有相应的介词 带直接宾语的不定式修饰一个间接宾语时 也应加上相应的介词 例如 Heislookingforaroomtolivein Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith Ihavenoideawhomtogivethismessageto 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time place或way 不定式后面的介词习惯上可省去 如Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive in 6 作状语 表示目的 结果 条件 原因或程度 作目的状语 有以下几种表达方式 Inordertoaccomplishthetask wemustworkveryhard Weturnedthelightsoffinordernottowasteelectricity stop thetrain pullthelever 控制杆 downwards Ineedabackpacktocarrythings A inorder to 动词原形 Tostop Checkyourcompositionsoastoavoidmistakes Thetestquestionsarekeptsecretsoastopreventcheating Myfatherboughtanewbookformetoread Istoppedandwaitedforhertocatchup 说明 美国英语中 动词come go后接不定式表目的时可以省略to 例如 ComewatchTVwithusthisevening I llgotellhimaboutit B soasto 动词原形 通常不置于句首 C for to 动词原形 不定式本身有自己的主语 作结果状语 有以下表达方式 Hearrivedatthestationtoolatetocatchtheearlytrain Wefoundtheroomtoosmalltoholdsomanypeople 说明 通常 too to 结构中 不定式具有否定意义 但如果 too to 结构的形容词为anxious delighted eager easy glad kind pleased ready surprised willing 其后的不定式表示肯定 Hewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas 看到父亲那么生气 她非常吃惊 Weweretoowillingtoofferthemwhatwehad A too to 动词原形 当all but not never only quite really等后接 too to 结构时 too 的含义为 very 不定式没有否定含义 例如I monlytoogladtostayathome 我太想留在家里啦 It snevertoolatetolearn 活到老 学到老 WhathaveIdonetooffend 冒犯 you Hehurriedtotheschool find nobodythere Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet B only to 动词原形 find discover realize onlytofind 作原因状语 一般不置于句首 不定式的动作先于谓语动词 但很少用完成式 大部分表达情感等的原因 有以下3种句型Icouldnotbutlaughtohearsuchafunnystory Irejoiced 高兴 tolearnthathissonwasadmittedtotheuniversity A 主语 表示感情的不及物动词 不定式 Iamgladtoseeherinsuchgoodhealth Iamsorrytogiveyousomuchtrouble Wewereveryexcited hear thenews B 主语 be 表情绪或感情的形容词 过去分词 不定式 afraid angry anxious eager glad happy sorry amazed delighted disappointed excited shocked surprised tohear