情态动词归纳表格.docx

精品文档1. can/could能力 He can sing songs in French. He could swim at the age of 3. 表示请求Can you help me carry the box into the room? Could you help me, please? 可能性， 表示有时会Jeff is clever, but sometimes he is very dull. 针对不同时间表示推测（只能用于否定句和问句）cant doHe cant be at home right now, for I saw him go out just now. cant be doingHe cant be studying in the classroom, for I saw him go to the football field with a football. cant have doneHe cant have finished homework so soon, for he didnt come to school yesterday. Where can I have put my keys? 2. may/might允许May I smoke here? 表示祝愿May you a happy life!针对不同时间表示推测（只能用于否定句和问句）may do He may come, but he is not sure. may be doingJim may be reading in the library. may have doneHe may have left the bag in the library. 3. must肯定形式表示必须，应该;否定形式表示绝对禁止，语气强烈 You must have a passport if you want to go abroad. You mustnt take photos here!回答must/need的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must;否定回答用neednt/dont have toMust I come back home early? Yes, you must. Need I come back late? No, you neednt/dont have to. 针对不同时间表示推测（只能用于肯定句）must doTom must study hard, for he always gets the first place every time. must be doingIts so noisy upstairs. They must be quarreling again. must have doneIt must have been around 9:00, because it was totally dark. 4. shall一三人称的问句表示请求Shall he wait here? What shall we do next? 二三人称的陈述句表示允诺，警告，命令，威胁You shall get an answer tomorrow. 5. should劝告，建议You should see your parents regularly. 根据客观事实作出的的判断，可能性较大Its 7:20. He should come. why/how+should 表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外，译为“竟会”Why should you be so late today? 6. will表示意愿Tom is ill at home. I will see after school. 表示请求Will you please open the door for me? 习惯性动作， 指现在Accident will happen. 7. would 表示意愿He said he would give me a gift. 表示请求Would you please clean up the messy room? 习惯性动作，指过去We would sit around grandpa, listening to his story. 8. need/dare半情态动词作情态动词时常用于否定和问句中；作实意动词时常用于肯定句Need I tell him all? You neednt tell us. He dares to answer questions loudly in front of us. need doing是主动表示被动=need to be doneThe machine needs repairing. = The machine needs to be repaired. 9. ought to 应该否定形式：oughtnt/ought not toYou ought to make an apology to him. He oughtnt attend the meeting. 10. have to不得不I cant see things clearly, I have to wear glasses. 情态动词+have done1. must have done对过去的肯定推测（只能用于肯定句）译为“过去肯定” She must have earned much money, for he bought an expensive car last week. 2. cannot have done对过去的否定推测（只能用于否定句）译为“过去肯定没有” He cant have gone far, for his coat is still here. can have done还可用于问句表示对过去的推测Where can he have put the bag? 3. may/might not have done表示对已经发生的事进行推测，可能性不大I cant find purse anywhere. You may have dropped it when you were shopping in the market. 4. should/ought to have done过去该做而没有做You should have come to school if you were really serious about your study. 5. should not /ought not to have done做了不该做的事（过去）We oughtnt to have given him so much money. 6. could have done过去本来可以做某事，但没有做He could have visited the Great Wall but it suddenly began to rain yesterday. 7. couldnt have done过去不能做而做了的事He couldnt have known the decision, but someo