英语完型填空题材突破与训练.doc

完形填空题材突破与训练一、记叙文（一）命题探究完形填空考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况。要求考生通读全文，掌握文章大意，运用词汇、语法等知识，选择最佳答案，使文章意思畅通，结构完整。记叙型完形填空是高考和备考的重点。研读记叙型完形填空，可看出以下趋势：1、首句完整，线索清楚。一般作者在第一句就交代了人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再介绍时间的发生、发展，最后得出结果。2、叙述灵活，侧重语境。文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件，较少加入作者的观点或评论。因此，常会出现态度与观点的跳跃变换，或语气的差异。这增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，从而突出了对语境的依赖，实现了在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境，辨析词语，作出选择。3、实词为主，虚词为辅。高考记叙型完形填空，篇章不长，一般在200-260个词左右，始终紧扣话题中心，形成一个主题连续体。选项一般为同一词类或同一范畴。重点集中于动词、名词、形容词或副词等实词上，介词、连词、冠词等虚词的考查相对较少。实词为主，虚词为辅，更能体现在语境中考查英语运用能力这一思路。（二）技巧点拨1、重视首句，开篇明义。从历年的试题可以看出，完形填空首句一般不设题。这为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个“窗口”，它的句意往往为全文提供中心信息。所以应充分重视首句的指示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，据此拓展思维，争取开局胜利。2、利用语境，猜摩心态。高考完形填空题逐渐屏弃语法分析，朝着深层化和语境化的方面挖掘，因此考生只有借助上下文乃至全文语境启示或限定，猜摩作者的心情，以及他对各个角色、各个事件的态度。在答题过程中，除了对关联用语的把握外，还要把握语气、动作等描写。3、理清线索，把握方向。4、记叙文一般按事件发展顺序叙述，有时用倒叙。答题时，通过理清人物间的关系，把握人物各自所做的事情，从而把握细节，找准作者的记叙方向，正确理解文章。（三）巩固练习1、05全国卷One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant , waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive . Suddenly 1 that a man sitting at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction , 2 he knew me . The man had a newspaper 3 in front of him , which he was 4 to read , but I could 5 that he was keeping an eye on me . when the waiter brought my 6 the man was clearly puzzled by the 7 way in which the waiter and I 8 each other .He seemed even more puzzled as 9 went on and it became 10 that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me . Finally he got up and went into the 11 When he came out ,he paid his bill and 12 without another glance in my direction .I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man had 13 . “Well,” he said , “that man was a detective . He 14 you here because he though you were the man he 15 .” “What ?” I said , showing my 16. The owner continued , “He came into the kitchen and showed me a photo of the wanted man. I 17 say he looked very much like you!Of course ,since we know you ,we told him that he had made a 18 .” “Well , its really 19 I came to a restaurant where Im known ,” I said . “ 20 , I might have been in trouble .”1A.knew B.understood Cnoticed Drecognized 2A.since B.even if C.though Das if 3A.flat B.open C.cut Dfixed 4A.hoping B.thinking C.pretending Dcontinuing 5A.see B.find C.guess Dlearn 6A.menu B.bill C.paper Dfood 7A.direct B.familiar C.strange Dfunny 8A.chatted with B.looked at C.laughed at Dtalked about 9A.the waiter B.time C.I Dthe dinner 10A.true B.hopeful C.clear Dpossible 11A.restaurant B.washroom C.office Dkitchen 12Aleft B.acted C.sat down Dcalmed down 13A.wanted B.tried C.ordered Dwished 14A.met B.caught C.followed Ddiscovered 15A.was to beat B.was dealing with Cwas to meet D.was looking for 16Acare Bsurprise Cworry Dregret 17Amust Bcan Cneed Dmay 18Adiscovery Bmistake Cdecision Dfortune 19Aa pity Bnatural Ca chance Dlucky 20AThus BHowever COtherwise DThereforekey: 1-5CDBCA 6-10DBABC 11-15DAACD 16-20BABDC2、04重庆卷A little boy invited his mother to attend his schools first teacher-parent parent meeting. To the little boys 1 ,she said she would go. This 2 be the first time that his classmates and teacher 3 his mother and he felt 4 of her appearance. Although she was a beautiful woman, there was a severe scar(疤痕)that 5 nearly the entire right side of her face. The boy never wanted to 6 why or how she got the scar.At the meeting, the people were 7 by the kindness and natural beauty of his mother 8_the car, but the little boy was still embarrassed and 9 himself from everyone. He did, however, get within 10 of a conversation between his mother and his teacher.The teacher asked 11 ,“How did you get the scar on your face?”The mother replied,“ 12 my son was a baby, he was in a room that caught fire. Everyone was 13 afraid to go in because the fire was 14 ，so I went in. As I was running toward his bed, I saw a loing piece of wood coming down and I placed myself over him trying to protect him. I was knocked 15 but fortunately, a fireman came in and saved both of us.” She 16 the burned side of her face. “This scar will be17 ,but to this day, I have never 18 what I did.”At this point, the little boy came out running toward his mother with tears in his eyes. He held her in his arms and felt a great 19 of the sacrifice that his mother had made for him. He held her hand 20 for the rest of the day.1.A.enjoymentB. disappointment C. surpriseD. excitement2.A. wouldB. couldC. shouldD. must3.A.noticedB. greetedC. acceptedD. met4.A. sickB. ashamedC. afraidD. tired5. A. includedB. passedC. coveredD. shaded6. A. talk aboutB. think aboutC. care aboutD. hear about7. A. impressedB. surprisedC. excitedD. comforted8. A. in sight ofB. by means ofC. by way ofD. in spite of9. A. hidB. protectedC. separatedD. escaped10. A. understandingB. remindingC. hearingD. learning11. A. carefullyB. seriouslyC. nervouslyD. anxiously12. A. AsB. WhenC. SinceD. While13. A. soB. muchC. quiteD. too14. A. out of controlB. under controlC. in controlD.over control15. A. helplessB. hopelessC. senselessD. useless16. A. pointedB. showedC. wipedD. touched17. A. uglyB. lastingC. seriousD. frightening18. A. forgotB. recognizedC. consideredD. regretted19. A. honorB. senseC. happinessD. pride20. A. quietlyB. slightlyC. tightlyD. suddenlyKey: 1-5BADBC 6-10AADAC 11-15BBDAC 16-20DBDBC3、04全国卷It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the list of topics , The Art of Eating Spaghetti (意大利面条) caught my eye. The word spaghetti brought back the_1 of an evening at Uncle Alien s in Belleville 2 all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat 3 spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was an exotic (外来的) treat in 4 days. Never had I eaten spaghetti, and 5 of the grown-ups had enough experience to be 6 it. What laughing 7 we had about the 8 respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth. 9 , I wanted to write about that, but I wanted to 10 it down simply for my own 11 , not for Mr. Fleagle, my composition teacher. 12 , I would write something else.When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no 13 left to write a proper composition for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to 14 my work. Two days passed before Mr. Fleagle returned the 15 papers. He said, Now, class, I want to read you a composition, “The Art of Eating Spaghetti. My words! He was reading my words out 16 to the whole class. 17 laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show 18 , but what I was feeling was pure happiness, 19 my words had the power to make people 20 .1. A. memory B. thought C. knowledge D. experience 2. A. when B. where C. since D. after 3. A. cooked B. served C. gotD. made 4. A. their B. past C. last D. those 5. A. none B. one C. earns D. neither 6. A. careful about B. good at C. fond of D. interested in 7. A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments 8. A. nearly B. naturally C. officially D, socially 9. A. Especially B. Probably C. Suddenly D. Fortunately 10. A. settle B. put C. Bite D. let 11. A. work B. story C. luck D. joy12. A. However B. Therefore C. As for him D. Except for that13. A. time B. excuse C. way D. idea 14. A. give up B. continue C. hand in D. delay 15. A. written B. graded C. collected D. calmly16. A. laid B. fast C. publicly D. calmly 17. A. People B. Nobody C. Somebody D. I 18. A. shock B. wonder C. worryD. pleasure 19. A. if B. for C. while D. although 20. A. excited B. satisfied C. think D. laugh key: 1-5AABDA 6-10BDDCB 11-15DCACB 16-20ACDBD二、说明文（一）命题探究 说明型完型填空选材难度一般低于试卷中的阅读理解大题。在设空与选项设计方面设计方面充分体现了语言知识运用题的要求：以实词为主，名，动，形，副等词类占全部小题数的90%，绝大多数小题都要从全文角度进行判断。这一命题思路体现了“语篇意识”。说明型完型填空一般用言简意赅的文字，按照一定的方法介绍事物，解释事理。最显著的特点是：1、开头点题做说明型完型填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明型填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。2、结构清晰把握语篇特征对理解文章与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序（指先后顺序），空间顺序（从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外），逻辑顺序（前因后果，先果后因，先主后次），认识顺序（由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质）。（二）技巧点拨1、通过短文抓主旨一般情况下，完型填空短文都不给标题，不容易把握文章的主题和大意。但短文首句通常不设空格，这就为我们窥视文章全貌提供了一个窗口，而尾句往往是文章的总结，结论和点睛之笔，所以抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是必要的。2、精读短文析文章应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服 “思维定势”，根据全文大意和词不离句，句不离文的原则，逐项填空，要吃透文章，理解到位，应作到以下几点： 第一点：从上下文的角度考虑，注意其内在的联系点。 第二点：从词汇意义及用法，惯用方式和搭配角度去考虑，准确判断。 第三点：从逻辑推理，常识等角度，挖掘文章的寓意及隐含的意义。 第四点：从英汉两种语言的差异角度去考虑，避免错误。3、复读全文再检查在做完一篇完型填空后，文章完整了，应从头到尾读一遍，根据复读的语感和对整篇的理解，再次将较明显的错误改正，个别需要推敲的再做调整，尽可能少出错。（三）巩固练习1、04北京卷Dont Take the Fun Out of Youth Sports When I joined a private football league a few years ago, the sport meant everything to me. My coach said that I had lots of potential , and I became captain of my 1 . That was before all the fun was taken out of 2 . At first, everyone on the team got 3 playing time. Then the team moved up to the top division after winning all its games, and the 4 started. Some parents, who had paid the coach extra so their daughters could have 5 one-on-one training, got angry when she didnt give them more playing time in our 6 . The coach was replaced. The new coach, however, took all the fun out of the game: All we did during practice was 7 . I always wished to God that it would rain so we would not have the 8 . Of course, all teams run drills; they are 9 . But we ran so much that, afterwards, we had trouble 10 . Younger people shouldnt be doing exercises 11 for 18-year-olds. I was very thin 12 I started football, but as a member of this team I wouldnt eat much, because I was afraid of being too 13 to run. I feared making mistakes, and the added pressure caused me to make more than my usual 14 . Is all this pressure necessary ? I 15 up leaving the football team. Four other girls did the same, and two of them stopped playing football completely. Thats 16 , because they had so much potential. They were just burned-out with all the pressure they 17 from the coach or their parents. I continued playing football at school and 18 my love for it. I joined a private team coached by my school coach. When I started playing 19 him, he told me I needed to relax because I looked nervous. After I 20 down, I played better. When you enjoy something, its a lot easier to do it well. 1. A. classB. clubC. teamD. board 2. A. playingB. livingC. learningD. working 3. A. greatB. equalC. rightD. extra4 . A. businessB. struggleC. attemptD. pressure 5. A. freeB. privateC. goodD. basic 6. A. matchesB. coursesC. lessonsD. programs 7. A. jumpB. playC. runD. shoot 8. A. dutyB. meetingC. operationD. training 9. A. necessaryB. boringC. scientificD. practical 10. A. speakingB. movingC. sleepingD. breathing 11. A. usedB. intendedC. madeD. described 12. A. tillB. sinceC. beforeD. because 13. A. fullB. tiredC. lazyD. big 14. A. sizeB. shareC. spaceD. state 15 A. gaveB. keptC. endedD. picked 16. A. sadB. shamefulC. sillyD. serious 17. A. receivedB. sufferedC. broughtD. felt 18. A. reconsideredB. rediscoveredC. re-formedD. replaced 19. A. atB. byC. forD. around 20. A. fellB. steppedC. slowedD. calmedKey: 1-5CABDB 6-10ACDAD 11-15BCABC 16-20ADBCD三、议论文（一）命题探究议论文是一种通过剖析事物，论述事理，提出主张，发表见解的文体。议论型完型填空分为两种，一种是夹叙夹议型的完型填空，另一种是纯议论型的完型填空。第一种的基本模式是：叙述事件，提出感情，做出结论。第二种的基本模式是：提出论点，列举论据，提出看法。这种完型填空都有以下特点：1、首句制胜，论点明确。议论型完型填空绝大多数都把文章主旨句作为首句。作者一般在这句话中提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。2、结构清晰，脉络有序。议论型完型填空的三要素：论点，论据和论证。它们一般有序地安排在引子、正文、结论这一议论文的一般结构中。能说明论据主要内容的答案，可以在论点里得到印证，而论点的答案也可以与论据结合起来，这样论点、论据形成一体，相互引证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，逻辑流畅，会使用一些连接词。如：on the contrary, all in all, in short, generally, worse still, on the other hand, in conclusion, as a consequence, hence, also, personally, furthermore,definitely,surely, undoubtedly,obviously,additionally, besides, likewise, for the sake of, firstly等。3、按一定的方法论证。议论型完型填空都是按一定的论证方法来论证的。常用的论证方法有：归纳法（分析个别事物，达到共同点，得出结论）；推理法（从原理出发，个别分析说明，得出结论）；对照法（正反对照，分析说明，得出结论）；驳论法（阐述错误观点，逐条批驳，阐明观点）。4、从命题的角度看，呈现以下趋势：纯语法题和同义词辨析减少。第一小题的四个选项都是词性相同的词汇，而且时态，语态也相同，因此不必考虑词性，时态，语态等语法功能。虽然选项词性相同，但意义却基本上有着较大的区别。这样就避免了考生把大量的时间和精力花费在同义词的辨析上了，而把时间和精力花在对文章意思的理解上，突出了应用的能力。词汇重复率减少，词眼互相呼应。综合考查学生的经验、推理、判断能力。不只单纯考查语法，词汇知识，而是以考查这些知识的运用为核心，综合考查学生的生活经验，推理，判断能力。（二）技巧点拨1、多掌握一些固定搭配，包括固定短语和习惯语法等。2、词语辨析，表面上是语境中词语的语意选择，其实是考查词汇的运用能力。3、熟练的语法知识。尽管近年来单纯考查语法知识的题目很少，但熟练的语法知识不但可以有助于快速理解文章的句子结构和大意，对解题也很有帮助。4、注意培养结合全文结构和中心思想，根据常识和上下文提供的信息进行理解，分析和推理能力。5、要加强对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系，让步关系，因果关系，递进关系，增补关系，比较关系，对比关系等，以及对转换词语的运用能力的培养。6、要学会根据上下文的同义词线索，环境线索，对比线索，因果线索，顺序线索等进行分析判断。（三）巩固练习1、04江苏卷We may look at the world around us, but somehow we manage not to see it until whatever weve become used to suddenly disappears. 1 , for example, the neatly-dressed woman I 2 to see - or look at - on my way to work each morning. For three years, no matter 3 the weather was like, she was always waiting at the bus stop around 8:00 am. On 4 days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. Summertime 5 out neat, belted cotton dresses and a hat pulled low over her sunglasses. 6 , she was an ordinary working woman. Of course, I 7 all this only after she was seen no more. It was then that I realized how 8 I expected to see her each morning. You might say I 9 her.“Did she have an accident? Something 10 ?” I thought to myself about her 11 . Now that she was gone, I felt I had 12 her. I began to realize that part of our 13 life probably includes such chance meetings with familiar 14 : the milkman you see at dawn, the woman who 15 walks her dog along the street every morning, the twin brothers you see at the library. Such people are 16 markers in our lives. They add weight to our 17 of place and belonging.Think about it. 18 , while walking to work, we mark where we are by 19 a certain building, why should we not mark where we are when we pass a familiar, though 20 , person?1. A. Make B. Take C. Give D. Have2. A. happened B. wanted C. used D. tried3. A. what B. how C. which D. when4. A. sunny B. rainy C. cloudy D. snowy5. A. took B. brought C. carried D. turned6. A. Clearly B. Particularly C. Luckily D. Especially7. A. believed B. expressed C. remembered D. wondered8. A. long B. often C. soon D. much9. A. respected B. missed C. praised D. admired10. A. better B. worse C. more D. less11. A. disappearance B. appearance C. misfortune D. fortune12. A. forgotten B. lost C. known D. hurt13. A. happy B. enjoyable C. frequent D. daily14. A. friends B. strangers C. tourists D. guests15. A. regularly B. actually C. hardly D. probably16. A. common B. pleasant C. important D. faithful17. A. choice B. knowledge C. decision D. sense18. A. Because B. If C. Although D. However19. A. keeping B. changing C. passing D. mentioning20. A. unnamed B.unforgettable C. unbelievable D. unrealkey： 1-5BCADB 6-10ACDBB 11-15ACDBA 16-20CDBCA2、03上海卷The British love to think of themselves as polite , and everyone knows how fond they are of their “pleases” and “thank yous” . Even the simplest business such as buying a train ticket requires 1 seven or eight of these . Another 2 of our good manners is the queue . New-comers to Britain could be forgiven for thinking that queuing rather than footbal