领航考研英语的阅读理解.doc

保定市时代教育培训中心领航考研补充资料阅 读1. A LAPTOP FOR EVERY KID More schools are convinced theyre worth the cost Carmen Arace Middle School is situated in the pastoral town of Bloomfield, Conn., but four years ago it faced many of the same challenges as inner-city schools in nearby Hartford: low scores on standardized tests, dropping enrollment and high rates of detention. Then the schools hard-driving principal, Delores Bolton, persuaded her board to shake up the place by buying a laptop computer for each student and teacher to use, in school and at home. For good measure, the board provided wireless Internet access at school. Total cost: $2.5 million. Now, an hour before classes start, every seat in the library is taken by students eager to get online. Fifth-grade teacher Jen Friday talks about sedimentary rocks as students view them at a colorful website. After school, students on buses pull laptops from backpacks to get started on homework. Since the computers arrived, enrollment is up 20%. Disciplinary suspensions are down 80%. Scores on state achievement tests are up 35%. Bolton, who is black, is proud to run a school with 90% black enrollment that is on the cutting edge. Indeed, school systems in rural Maine and New York City are eager to follow Arace Middle Schools example. Governor Angus King has proposed using $50 million from an unexpected budget surplus to buy a laptop for all of Maines 17,000 seventh-graders-and for new seventh-graders each fall. The funds would create a permanent endowment whose interest would help buy the computers. The plan, scaled back to $30 million in a compromise with the legislature, is scheduled to be voted on this week. In the same spirit, the New York City board of education voted unanimously on April 12 to create a school Internet portal, which would make money by selling ads and licensing e-commerce sites. The portal will also provide e-mail service for the citys 1.1 million public school students. Profits will be used to buy laptops for each of the school systems 87,000 fourth-graders. Within nine years, all students in grades 4 and higher will have their own computers. Back in Bloomfield, the school board is seeking federal grant money to expand its laptop program to high school students. In the meantime, most of the kinks have been worked out. Some students were using their computers to goof off or visit unauthorized websites. But teachers have the ability to track where students have been on the Web and to restrict them. That is the worst when they disable you, says eighth-grade honors student Jamie Bassell. You go through laptop withdrawal. The habit is rubbing off on parents. I taught my mom to use e-mail, says another eighth-grader, Katherine Hypolite. And now shes taking computer classes. Im so proud of her! By Ellin Martens, Bloomfield Time; 05/01/2000, Vol. 155 Issue 18, p57, 2/3p, 2c注(1)：本文选自Time；05/01/2000, p57；注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象是1994年真题text4(1，2，3，4题)和text3第4题(第5题)；1.The example of Carmen Arace Middle School in the text is used to _. A show the challenges schools are faced with todayB prove that a school with high black enrollment can do wellC emphasize the importance of computers and the Internet in modern educationD indicate that laptops can help improve students school performance2.According to the author, students in New York Citys public schools will _. A all have their own laptops within nine yearsB become more interested in their class activities with the application of laptopC spend more time visiting unauthorized websites with the expansion of the laptop programD enjoy e-mail service provided by the citys school system in the near future.3.By introducing the laptop program, Delore Bolton has _. A shaken the beliefs of both teachers and studentsB witnessed a remarkable improvement in enrollment and students test scoresC found herself followers all over the countryD revolutionized class-room teaching in public schools4.The word “kink” (line 2, paragraph 4) most probably means _. A planB methodC problemD process5.From the passage we learn that _. A the laptop program also has a positive influence on parentsB the laptop program in public schools is sponsored mainly by endowmentC a school Internet portal is the key to a laptop programD students generally like the idea of having their online activities trackedDDBCA篇章剖析：本篇文章是一篇说明文，介绍了美国的一些学校给学校师生配置笔记本电脑，引入网络教学的情况。文章一开始就引用卡曼阿雷斯中学在引入笔记本电脑和网络教学之后发生的积极变化，以此说明这种做法值得尝试。接下来在第三段和第四段介绍了缅因州和纽约市的类似做法。最后一段介绍了教师如何确保学生将这一资源用于学习，以及这一举措的衍生价值：对家长产生积极的影响。词汇注释：detention: di5tenFEn n. 阻止, 滞留laptop: 5lAptCp n. 便携式电脑sedimentary: sedI5mentErI adj. 沉淀性的；冲积成的backpack: 5bAkpAk n. 背包，背囊disciplinary:5disiplinEri adj. 纪律的，执行纪律的suspension: sEs5penFEn n. 暂停, 中止surplus: 5sE:plEs n. 盈余；余款endowment:in5daumEnt n. 资助，捐赠scale:skeil v. (与up, down连用)按比例逐步增加； 按比例逐步减少unanimously: ju(:)5nAnimEsli adv. 全体一致地,无异议地portal: 5pC:tEl n. (计)门户license: 5laIsEns v. 准许；发给执照；批准e-commerce: 电子商务kink: kiNk n. (计划，系统中的)小问题goof off：打发时间unauthorized: 5Qn5C:WEraizd adj. 未被授权的, 未经认可的rub off on: (感情，习惯或者某种特点)感染，影响他人 难句突破Then the schools hard-driving principal, Delores Bolton, persuaded her board to shake up the place by buying a laptop computer for each student and teacher to use, in school and at home.主体句式：the schools principal persuaded her board to 结构分析：这一句是个简单句，容易造成理解困难的是hard-driving这个单词和shake up the place这个短语。hard-driving用于指人的作风“强硬”，shake up the place的意思是：“令这个地方震动”，说明这一措施非常大胆。句子译文：后来该校作风强硬的校长德洛丽斯博尔顿说服校董事会给每个学生和老师购置一台笔记本电脑供他们使用，这一举措在当地引起了不小的震动。题目分析：1. 答案为D，属推理判断题。从文中第二段引用的一系列数字可以看出，引入笔记本电脑和互联网以后，该校教育质量有了显著提高。所以该校的例子是为了说明笔记本电脑有助于提高学生的成绩。2. 答案为D，属事实细节题。这可以从第四段“The portal will also provide e-mail service for the citys 1.1 million public school students.”里得知。3. 答案为B，属事实细节题。第一段里的shake up the place指她的提议在当地引起了震动，第二段就以具体数字说明学生入学率增加和测试成绩提高的事实。4. 答案为C，属推理判断题。联系上下文，work out the kink，work out的意思是“解决, 设计出, 作出, 计算出”等，最贴近的意义应该是“问题”。5. 答案为A，属推理判断题。这可以从文章最后一段“The habit is rubbing off on parents”可知。sth. rubs off on sb.的意思是“感染，影响”。下文从一句学生谈及她母亲上电脑班的感受”I am so proud of her”可知这种影响是积极的影响。参考译文卡曼阿雷斯中学位于辛辛那提州的宁静小镇布卢姆菲尔德，但四年前它面临着许多与附近哈特福德市市区学校同样的问题：标准化考试成绩较差，入学率连年下降，留级率居高不下。后来该校作风强硬的校长德洛丽斯博尔顿说服校董事会给每个学生和老师购置一台笔记本电脑供他们使用，这一举措在当地引起了不小的震动。此外，校董事会还为学校提供了无线上网的便利条件。总耗资为250万美元。现在，在上课前一小时，图书馆里就坐满了想要上网的学生。五年级教师詹在星期五的课上讨论沉积岩，与此同时学生们在一个内容丰富的网站上观看沉积岩。下课后，坐上公交车的学生就把笔记本电脑从背包里拿出来，开始做作业。自从有了电脑以后，学校的入学率上升了20%，留级率下降了80%。参加全州水平考试的成绩也提高了35%。博尔顿这位黑人校长对于能够管理一所“黑人入学率高达90%，教育质量领先的学校”感到自豪。 的确，缅因州和纽约市的农村地区的学校都很渴望采用卡曼阿雷斯中学的做法。州长安格斯金已经提议从意外增加的预算盈余中拨出500万美元给所有缅因州17000名七年级学生-以及每年秋季升入七年级的新生购置一台笔记本电脑。这些资金将会形成一种专门帮助购置电脑的永久资助。这一计划最终在和立法机关达成的妥协意见中被减少到300万美元，本周将对这一计划进行投票表决。 出于同样的想法，纽约市教育局在4月12日一致投票同意创建一个学校互联网门户，其收益将通过销售广告和特许电子商务网站的方式获得。这一门户还能为城里的110万公办中学的学生提供电子邮件服务。门户利润将被用来给该教育系统内87000名四年级学生每人购置一台笔记本电脑。在九年之内，所有四年级和更高年级的学生都将拥有他们自己的电脑。在布卢姆菲尔德，校董事会正在寻求联邦津贴以使笔记本电脑项目也能覆盖到中学生。与此同时，操作指南的大部分内容也已经做出来了。一些学生曾经用电脑访问未授权网站来打发时间。不过教师可以跟踪学生的网上活动并对他们进行限制。“最糟糕的就是他们让你无法访问这些网站，”八年级优秀生杰米巴塞尔说。“你经历的是笔记本电脑上的撤退。”这种习惯还能对家长产生影响。“我教妈妈使用电子邮件，”另一位八年级学生凯瑟琳海珀莱特说道。“现在她正在学习电脑课程。我真为她骄傲！”2. CAMPUS CRUSADER Like university presidents of an earlier era, Ruth Simmons is the moral compass of the school she governs There was a time when big-league university presidents really mattered. The New York Times covered their every move. Presidents, the real ones, sought their counsel. For Woodrow Wilson and Dwight Eisenhower, being head of Princeton and Columbia, respectively, was a stepping-stone to the White House. Today, though, the job of college president is less and less removed from that of the Avon lady (except the house calls are made to the doorsteps of wealthy alums). Ruth Simmons, the newly installed president of Brown University and the first African American to lead an Ivy League school, is a throwback to the crusading campus leaders of old. She doesnt merely marshal funds; she invests them in the great educational causes of our day. With the more than $300 million she raised as president of Smith College from 1995 to 2001, Simmons established an engineering program (the first at any womens school) and added seminars focused on public speaking to purge the ubiquitous likes and ums from the campus idiom. At a meeting to discuss the future of Smiths math department, one professor timidly requested two more discussion sections for his course. Her response: Dream bigger. Her own dream was born in a sharecroppers shack in East Texas where there was no money for books or toys-she and her 11 siblings each got an apple, an orange and 10 nuts for Christmas. Though she was called n_ on her walk to school, entering the classroom, she says, was like waking up. When Simmons won a scholarship to Dillard University, her high school teachers took up a collection so shed have a coat. She went on to Harvard to earn a Ph.D. in Romance languages. Simmons has made diversity her No. 1 campus crusade. She nearly doubled the enrollment of black freshmen at Smith, largely by traveling to high schools in the nations poorest ZIP codes to recruit. Concerned with the lives of minority students once they arrive at school, she has fought to ease the racial standoffs that plague so many campuses. At Smith she turned down a request by students to have race-specific dorms. In 1993, while vice provost at Princeton, she wrote a now famous report recommending that the university establish an office of conflict resolution to defuse racial misunderstandings before they boiled over. Her first task at Brown will be to heal one such rupture last spring after the student paper published an incendiary ad by conservative polemicist David Horowitz arguing that blacks economically benefited from slavery. Theres no safe ground for anybody in race relations, but campuses, unlike any other institution in our society, provide the opportunity to cross racial lines, says Simmons. And even if youre hurt, you cant walk away. You have to walk over that line.注(1)：本文选自Time; 9/17/2001, Vol. 158 Issue 12, p70, 1p, 1c注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 2.1. What does the author intend to illustrate with the example of Woodrow Wilson and Dwight Eisenhower?AThe president of the first-class university was really very important.BThe presidents gave them some good advice.CThe presidents of the university could easily go to the white house.DThe presidents had more power and authority than Avon ladies.2.What can we infer from the second paragraph? ASimmons was an old crusading campus leader.BSimmons wanted to expand her university.CSimmons knew well about how to invest the money.DSimmons was a competent and ambitious president.3.The 4th paragraph mainly talks about _.ASimmons greatly sympathized the black people.BSimmons wanted to diversify her university.CSimmons made a great effort to solve the racial problems.DSimmons never neglect the racial problems.4.What does the author mean by “the job of college president is less and less removed from that of the Avon lady”(Line 4, Paragraph 1)?ACollege president can get their position with the help of Avon lady.BThe jobs of college president and Avon lady are quite similar.CCollege presidents got inspiration from the job of the Avon lady.DThe jobs of college presidents and the Avon lady should be separated.5.Which of the following is true according to the text?ASimmons had successfully solved the racial problems.BSimmons owed her success to her high school teachers.CSimmons didnt like “likes” and “ums” in campus idioms.DSimmons asked her professor to be more ambitious and aggressive.答案：ADCBD篇章剖析本文可以说是一篇记叙文，主要记述大学校长鲁思西蒙斯作为校园改革派的一些逸事。文章第一段就以前的大学校长和当今的大学校长的不同之处进行了对比；第二段记述了鲁思西蒙斯作为布朗大学的新任校长和第一个一流学校的黑人校长的一些做法；第三段描述了她的贫困家境以及求学的艰辛；第四段记述了她在以往任职的学校里的一些举措；第五段记述了她在布朗大学所要解决的首要问题。词汇注释crusader krU:seIdE(r) n.十字军战士, 改革者compass 5kQmpEs n.罗盘, 指南针, pl. 圆规big-league adj.一流的, 最高的removed (adj.) from 有区别；遥远；不同；遥远；关系远alumni n. (口)校友(可指男女)Ivy-League 5aivi-li: n. (美国东北部哈佛、哥伦比亚等八个名牌大学的)常春藤联合会; 属于该组织的名牌大学或其师生; 名牌大学派头throwback 5WrEubAk n.【生】返祖现象; 喻大倒退；逆转；(电影中的)前景重现; (小说的)倒叙of old 古时的, 从前的, 很久以前的marshal 5mB:F(E)l v. 汇集purge p:dV v. (使)净化, 清除ubiquitous ju:5bIkwItEs adj.到处存在的, (同时)普遍存在的sharecropper 5FeEkrRpE(r) n.(尤指美国西南部的)小佃农shack FAk n.小室sibling 5sIblIN n.兄弟, 姐妹, 同胞, 同属ZIP code邮区代码，邮政编码(一种划分美国邮政区域的五位数号码)recruit rI5kru:t v.招生，使入学使加入或设法使加入standoff stAndCf, -R:f n.避开, 冷淡provost 5prRvEst; (?) prEJ- n.宪兵司令, 监狱看守, 教务长boil over v. 因沸溢出, 发怒heal hi:l v. 治愈, 医治, 结束rupture 5rQptFE(r) n.破裂, 决裂, 敌对, 割裂incendiary In5sendIErI; (?) In5sendIerI adj. 纵火的, 煽动的polemicist pClemIsIst, pE- n. 善辩论者难句突破1. Her first task at Brown will be to heal one such rupture last spring after the student paper published an incendiary ad by conservative polemicist David Horowitz arguing that blacks economically benefited from slavery.主体句式：Her first task will be to heal结构分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句是Her first task at Brown will be to heal one such rupture last spring；主句后面跟的是由after引导的时间状语从句； “by” 意为“由做(写)”；arguing是现在分词做状语，对polemicist David Horowitz进行补充说明；后又跟that引导的宾语从句做argue的宾语。句子译文：去年春天，学生报上刊登了一篇由保守派辩论家戴维霍罗威茨撰写的煽动性文章。他在文章中诡称，从经济角度讲，黑人受益于奴隶制。文章一发表，就导致了种族关系的破裂。她在布朗大学的首要任务就是要修复这一裂痕。题目分析1.答案为A，属事实细节题。文章第一段就以前的大学校长和当今的大学校长的不同之处进行了对比， “There was a time when big-league university presidents really mattered”是第一段前半部分的主题句，随后作者以伍德罗威尔逊和艾森豪威尔为例，进一步说明这一观点。2.答案为D，属推理判断题。第二段记述了鲁思西蒙斯作为布朗大学的新任校长和第一个一流学校的黑人校长的一些成功的做法，其中包括如何进行资金运做，这些说明她是非常有能力的；在讨论史密斯大学数学系发展前景的会议上，她对教授说：“Dream bigger”表明，她还是非常有雄心的。3.答案为C ，属主旨大意题。第四段记述了鲁思西蒙斯在她以往任职的学校里为解决种族问题进行的一些努力和尝试。4.答案为B，属猜词题。文章第一段前半部分提到曾有一段时间一流大学的校长是非常重要的人物。紧接着though引导的句子进行了转折，指出现在校长的工作同雅芳小姐的工作差别越来越小了。这里主要考察“be removed from”的用法，其中removed是形容词，词组含义是“有区别；遥远；不同；遥远；关系远”。5.答案为D，属事实细节题。文中对应信息是“one professor timidly requested two more discussion sections for his course. Her response: Dream bigger. ”。参考译文校园改革者跟早期的大学校长一样，鲁思西蒙斯是她所管理的那所大学的道德指南针曾有一段时间，一流大学的校长着实起着举足轻重的作用。纽约时代杂志一直关注着他们的一举一动。就连总统也向他们征求意见。伍德罗威尔逊和艾森豪威尔曾是普林斯顿和哥伦比亚大学的校长，他们的大学校长身份是他们入主白宫的敲门砖。然而，今天大学校长的差事与雅芳小姐的工作差别越来越小了(除登门拜访有钱的校友外)。鲁思西蒙斯是布朗大学的新任校长，也是第一位领导一个名牌大学的黑人校长，她就是过去校园改革派领导人的翻版。她不单单只筹集资金，她还把这些资金投到当今伟大的教育事业之中。西蒙斯用她在1995-2001担任史密斯学院院长期间筹集到的3亿美元的资金开设了工程学专业(在所有女子学校里这个专业是第一次开设)，并增设演讲研讨会，以把那些无所不在的“如像”和“嗯”等废话从校园用语中清除出去。在一次讨论史密斯大学数学系发展前景的会议上，一个教授战战兢兢地提出能否给他的课再增加两次讨论。她是这样回答的：“再大胆些。”她自己的梦想是在德克萨斯州东部的一个佃农小屋里诞生的。家里没钱买书或玩具过圣诞节时，她和十一个兄弟姐妹每人只得到一只苹果、一个橘子和十只坚果。尽管在去上学的路上有人叫她黑鬼，但她进教室时她却说：“这倒唤醒了我。”当她获得在迪拉德大学奖学金时，她的高中老师慷慨解囊，凑钱让她买一件外套。毕业后她接着上哈佛大学，攻读拉丁系语言博士学位。西蒙斯把多样性作为校园改革的头等大事。她几乎使史密斯大学的黑人新生入学人数翻了一番。能做到这一步主要是靠她亲自到美国最贫困地区的高中去招生的结果。少数民族学生来校后，她一直关心学生的情况，一直为缓解令很多校园十分苦恼的种族冷漠情绪而奋斗。在史密斯大学，她拒绝了学生提出的按种族分住公寓的要求。她在1993年任普林斯顿大学副教务长期间，写了一篇至今仍很著名的报告。在报告中，她建议大学成立一个专门解决种族冲突的办公室，以在种族误解激化之前化解之。去年春天，学生报上刊登了一篇由保守派辩论家戴维霍罗威茨撰写的煽动性文章。他在文章中诡称，从经济角度讲，黑人受益于奴隶制。文章一发表，就导致了种族关系的破裂。她在布朗大学的首要任务就是要修复这一裂痕。“在种族关系中，任何人都没有什么安全的地方。但是校园不同于我们社会上的其它机构，它给我们提供了跨越种族界限的机会，”西蒙斯说，“即便你受到了伤害，你也不能一走了之，你得跨越这条线。”3. HOW TO LURE TEACHERS? Gore says that hed spend more to boost their pay, Bush that hed cut through the bureaucracy On this one point George W. Bush and Al Gore would agree: our schools need more Marilyn Whirrys. For 35 years, Whirry has inspired high school students to think deeply about great literature and to use its devices in their writing. She is the kind of teacher that students come back to visit decades later in her classroom in Manhattan Beach, Calif. Last May a national educators group named her its Teacher of the Year. And with the nations public schools planning to hire 2.5 million new teachers over the next decade, Whirry is excited that each presidential candidate is pushing ways to recruit, train and reward better teachers. Theyre both talking about teacher quality, she says. We have a real opportunity right now. Bushs plan combines most existing federal funds for professional development and class-size reduction into a flexible new fund for teacher training and recruitment, and he adds $400 million a year in new money. Bush would allow states to spend the funds as they see fit-so long as they establish teacher-accountability systems. This is similar to what Ronald Reagan did in the 1980s. But then, says Emily Feistritzer, president of the Center for Education Information, the money disappeared. Under Bushs plan, she says, I worry that the money wont go where its intended to once it reaches the states. Bush would expand funding from $2.4 million to $30 million for the Troops to Teachers program, which places veterans who want to teach in public schools. The program makes use of people like Arthur Moore, who retired in 1994 after 21 years in the Army and knew he wanted to teach. There are a lot of people who would make excellent teachers but are discouraged by the bureaucracy of the certification process, says Moore, 45, who began teaching fourth grade in Baltimore and now tests students for special education. Troops to Teachers is an excellent way to tap their potential by lowering the barriers. Bush would also expand loan forgiveness for math and science majors who teach in needy schools. Gores plan, endorsed by the teachers unions, would spend $8 billion over 10 years to help recruit 1 million new teachers, with provisions for college aid, loan for