初中动词不定式.ppt

动词不定式 theinfinitive 即todo 其否定形式是nottodo 不定式没有人称和数的变化 动词不定式 一 不定式的句法功能 1 It snormaltocrywhenwefeelsad 做主语 不定式做主语时 常用代词it来代替不定式结构 这时it被称为形式主语 而作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置 往往放v 和adj 之后 e g TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy It snoteasytolearnEnglishwell It s adj forsb todosth 1 不定式做主语 常用句型 It s adj forsb todosth 对某人来说 做某事是怎样的 Toworkouttheproblemisdifficultforme It sdifficultformetoworkouttheproblem Workingouttheproblemisdifficultforme e g 对我来说解答出这道题是很难的 2 ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistoreadloudly 做表语 可与be动词构成系表结构 HerwishistostudyinJiYanMiddleschool Myjobistocleanthestreets 在形式上 位于系动词后的就是表语 从含义上讲 表语是回答主语 是什么 的语法成分 2 不定式做表语 常放在be动词后 表明主语 是什么 e g Ourplanistogotherebyplane 我们的计划是乘飞机去那儿 主语和表语指代的是同一事物 1 Myjobis computers tosellingB sellC tosell2 Herhobbyis play football toplay Herhobbyisplayingfootball 3 Iwanttobuyaticket 做宾语 接动词不定式作宾语常见的几个动词是want plan hope decide begin start need wait wouldlike hate refuse wish prefer learn try like agree fail beabletodo do tryone sbesttodo等 e g Theydecidedtotryagain Thelittleboywantedtogettoschoolbefore8o clock 3 不定式做宾语 即动词 todo的结构中 这里的todo就是做宾语 1 Myfriendswant book someticketstothemovieforus 2 Myparentsdecide give memoremoney 3 Heplans go toBeijingforaholiday 4 Theboyhopes pass theEnglishexam 5 Mylittlesonisable read somewords 6 I lltrymybest help you 7 Shewouldlike become beautiful 4 KangkanghelpedustolearnEnglish 动词不定式作宾语补足语 常见的动词有tell ask get want wouldlike wish teach help order invite get allow send lead等 常构成下面的句式 V sb todo其否定形式为 V sb not todo 做宾语补足语 Shetoldmenottogivethebooktohim IaskedPaultocarrythebox 4 不定式做宾语补足语 即动词 sb todo的结构中 这里的todo就是做宾语补足语 1 Don taskJim go swimmingwithus becausehismotherwon tallowhim do so 2 Doesyoumotherwishyou adoctor A beingB tobeC become3 Myteacheralwaystellsme study hard 4 Idon twantyou help me 5 She dlikeme join them 6 Iwishyou have agoodtime Mybestfriendsteachme swim 8 Herfriendofteninvitesher have dinner 9 Mymotheralwaysgetsmyfather do housework 10 Iorderyou wash yourhands 但使役动词 let make have 和感官动词 see watch lookat hear feel 的宾补常省略to 即 V sb do Heoftenmakeshissisterwashhisclothes Iseethelittlegirlrunintotheschool 1 Whentheywentintothepark theysawsomeone ChineseKongfu playsB playedC toplay2 Mr Brownmadehisstudents thenewwordsagain copyingB copyC tocopy3 Pleaseletthestudents down A sittingB tositC sit4 IsWeiFanggoodatsinging Yes sheis Weoftenhearher inherroom A tosingB singC sings 5 Igetupearlytocatchthebus 做目的状语 不定式作状语一般表示目的 原因或结果 Iamsorrytohearthat Let sstoptohavearest Theorangearetoohightoreach Shedidn tworkhardenoughtopasstheexam 表原因 表目的 表结果 5 不定式做状语 常用来表示目的 原因或结果 Shesellsflowers makemoney A madeB makeC tomake2 Theroomisnotbigenough A toliveinB forlivingC tolive3 I msorry you hitB tohitC hitting4 Heistooyoung go toschool 6 作定语 后置 Ihavesomething 要说 2 Shehasalotofwork 做 everyday 3 Theoldmanhasahouse 住 4 Sheisaniceperson 谈话 tosay todo tolivein totalkwith 6 不定式做定语 用来修饰前面的名词或者不定代词 注意 他在找一个房间住 没什么可担心的 请给我把笔来写东西 Heislookingforaroomtolivein Thereisnothingtoworryabout Pleasegivemeapentowritewith 不定式和宾语之间有时候必须加上相应的介词 才能构成完整的动宾关系 7 疑问词 todo构成短语 Wedon tknowwhentoleaveBeijing Canyoushowmehowtoswim Hedidn ttellmewhentoleave 1 JoeisteachingAlice thechair howmendB howmendingC howtomend2 Idon tknowwhat do next 3 Couldyoutellmewhen have dinner 8 在学习不定式中 我们需要注意些什么呢 1 记住基本形式 todo否定 nottodo 2 todo是非谓语动词 没有人称和数的变化 不能充当谓语 但可以和系动词构成系表结构 如 Mydreamistobeadoctor 3 感官动词see watch hear feel等和使役动词make let等接do作宾语补足语时 do称为不带to的不定式如 Doyouoftenseehimplaytennisontheplayground 4 充当后置定语时 要特别注意动词的不定式短语中的介词不能省去 如 Theoldmanhavenohousetolivein 8 只能跟ving的动词 finish enjoy mind keep on practise feellike want bebusydoing giveup lookforwardtodoing can thelpdoing 1 Ican thelp cry 2 Hedidn tfinish do homework 3 Wouldyoumind close thewindow 4 EverydayMarypractise speak English 5 Kangkangisbusy watch TVnow 6 Ilookforwardto hear fromyou 7 Theykeep play basketball 8 Mysisterfeelslike eat icecream 9 既可以跟动词不定式又可以跟Ving的几组动词而意思无太大区别的 liketodolikedoingprefer hatebeginstart 10 注意Stoptodo与stopdoing stoptodo指的是 停下其它的事情 去做不定式的动作 Wearesotired Let sstoptohavearest 我们太累了 让我们停下来休息一会儿吧 Stopdoing是指停下来正在做的事情 Thestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped onabigrockbythesideofthepath A tohaverestedB restingC torestD rest2 It stimeforclass pleasestop talk 3 Hestopped say hellotomewhenhesawme 4 It stoolate let sstop work 5 Hestopped cry whenseeinghismother C talking tosay working crying remembertodo记得要去做rememberdoing记得曾经做过Pleaseremembertobringyourbookwithyoutomorrow Irememberbringingmybookthismorning forgetdoing曾经做过这件事 但后来忘了forgettodo忘记要做一件事 根本没做 Ioftenforgettoturnoffthelight butIrememberturningitofflastnight 1 Don tforget yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometomorrow tobringB bringingC totakeD taking2 Doyoustillremember mesomewhereinBeijing Yes ofcourse Twoyearsago toseeB seeC seeingD saw3 Remember notbe latenexttime 温馨提示 11 findit adj todo find that itistodo thinkit todo think that itisadj todosth IfounditeasytolearnEnglish IfounditiseasytolearnEnlish Exercise Ifeltithard give up smoke 12 It stimetodosth It sone sdutytodosthIt sone sturntodosthTaketurnstodosth IttakessbsometimetodosthItcostssbsomemoneytodosth主语 adjtodosth Itcostme5yuan buy thebookyesterday Itwilltakehim8minutes get there Wetaketurns clean theclassroom 4 It salreadytime stop discuss 5 It smyduty protect you 13 变被动语态 makesbdosth sbbemadetodosth Hemakesuslaugh Wearemadetolaughbyhim seesbdosth sbbeseentodosth Ioftenseehimplaygames Heisoftenseentoplaygamesbyme hearsbdosth sbbeheardtodosth IalwayshearmyfriendsingEngishsongs MyfriendisalwaysheardtosingEnglishsongs Yesterdayhewasseen play computergames 2 Many