大学英语综合教程3Unit-8答案.doc

Unit 8Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:A Clone of Our OwnWill humans be the next clones? The technology still has a long way to go before its considered safe to try on humans. But even if it were safe, would it be right? Lets hear what Professor Hank Greely of Stanford University has to say on this topic .Interviewer: When will we clone a human?Greely: Thats not a simple question. I think we have to ask ourselves: is there something about the technology that is so wrong or so evil that it shouldnt be used at all? Or should it be judged according to its intended uses? Interviewer: What are acceptable uses?Greely: We really need to distinguish between different types of cloning. If we use cloning to grow a new liver, I dont think many people will have problems with that - as long as its growing a liver and not taking a liver from a cloned person. Human reproductive cloning is much trickier. Interviewer: Why?Greely: Safety. Theres still a very low success rate. With Dolly, the first cloned lamb, 29 treated eggs were implanted in sheep to get one Dolly. We dont worry too much about sheep miscarriages or about deformed lambs being born. But we would with humans. And we wouldnt know if a human clone would be healthy. Interviewer: Dolly appears to be healthy. Why wouldnt a human clone be so?Greely: There may be cell changes that are initially invisible and only show themselves as the clone ages. Theres also a problem with the ends of chromosomes in cells, which shorten until the cells can no longer reproduce. We know that Dollys chromosomes are shorter than those of other sheep her age, and we dont know what that means yet.- 188 -Appendix IInterviewer: Suppose human cloning was safe. In what situations do you see cloning being used?Greely: Helping parents who are having difficulty having children would be one area. Interviewer: Are there other situations where it might be acceptable to create a human clone?Greely: A situation where parents want to create a new child to be a bone marrow donor for an older sick child. Thats a real tough one. But that issue might never arise if we succeed in growing bone marrow outside the body. Another situation is cloning a child who has accidentally died. I think thats disturbing. But Ive never been in that position and so I dont feel comfortable saying whether thats a good application or a bad application of the technology. Interviewer: What about cloning a Hitler or Michael Jordan ?Greely: I think we can dismiss those as bad or even silly applications. Interviewer: Is there anything else youd like to say about the future of human cloning?Greely: Even if cloning humans were safe and we as a society had decided it was right and proper for reproductive purposes, I dont think wed see a lot of clones. The oldfash-ioned way of making babies has a lot going for it: Its easy, traditional, well understood, and occasionally even pleasant. People are not going to give up sex anytime soon.Part II Text ATexf Organization 1.PartsParagraphsMain IdeasPart OneParas 1-2Dolly the sheep, a clone, was born.Part TwoParas 3-6Dollys birth has made cloning a reality and human cloning a possibility.Part ThreeParas 7-11People have to face the ethical problems of human cloning.Part FourParas 12-16Cloning technology could benefit people in more than one way.Appendix I- 189 -2.SectionsParagraphsMain IdeasSection OneParas 7-9Human cloning has given rise to the question of what implications the technology may have for mankind.Section TwoParas 10-11The making of the atomic bomb had a tremendous impact on scientists .Vocabulary1)residence2) gave birth to3)fuse4) primitive -5)genes6) compromise7)mixture8) union9)beforehand10) started out11)comment, 12) catalog13)theoretical14) all the world15)opposed1)calls for2) woke up3)took up4) runs out of5)sums . up6) broke down7)lashed out at8) has grown into1)The hillside facingthe Pacific is dotted with colorful houses.2)The present Labour government inherited a weak economy from the Conservative govern-3) The great historian Dr. Franklin lashed out at the racial discrimination that has plagued the American Blacks for more than two hundred years.4) This blood test will show whether or not youre immune to the disease.5) Polite society will not tolerate such offensive behavior.4. 1) I am not opposed to the idea of cloning humans. I believe that in principle it is far less terrifying for a person to use his or her own genetic material to create an identical twin than to use an atomic bomb to kill people. 2) Some people are wondering whether the advances in science have been good. They say that the discovery of atomic energy let loose a power far more destructive than any weapons people have invented since ancient times. They think that science has a great potential- 140 -Appendix 1for doing evil unless we learn to harness it. 3) The young man was a genius and had a brilliant mind for business management. Soon after he inherited from his father a local newspaper, he merged it with another. Today his newspaper has grown into one of the best-known national news dailies.II.Collocation1) Would you rather she took up residence elsewhere?2) Ill order tea. Or perhaps you d rather have coffee?3) She would rather work for a living than become dependent on her husband.4) Yd rather she did not tell you the story.III.Usage1) An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday,2) The reason (he gave) that he didnt notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.3) Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.4) Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.Structure1.1) True, the sentence is grammatically correct, but it does not read naturally.2) Its true there has been a considerable increase in our living costs, but the quality of our life has improved significantly because our wages have doubled over the same period.3) True, Peter does not hold an MBA degree, but he is none the less a competent manager.4) In my country, teenagers are not allowed to buy alcoholic drinks. True, but were not in your country, are we?2.1) What if the scheme does not work out?2) What if some scientists ignore bioethics and start to clone human beings?3) What if you cant get home before dark?4) What if I did have a talk with your boss before he fired you ?Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. cloning2. am opposed toAppendix I- 141 -3. terrifying4.offensive5. normally6.curiosity7. in principle8.potential9. transplanting10.immune11. genius12.identical(B)1. ducing3. of4.that/which5. both6.Despite7. took8.with9. human10.for11. not12.but13. by14.who15. opposition/condemnation16.of17. what18.from19. with20.whenII. TranslationAfter Dolly was born, cloning could no longer be dismissed as science fiction. The ability to create an identical twin of a lamb is but one step short of cloning humans, which many find terrifying and offensive . However the technology holds great potential for medical application. Scientists could cultivate a batch of cells and direct them to grow into whole organs or even limbs that will be genetically identical to those of the patient, thus eliminating the problem of rejection caused by immune reaction when they are transplanted into his body. Or they could take an organ from animals such as a pig that has been genetically altered so that it will be tolerated by the recipient. Then the lives of thousands of patients who die every year before a replacement heart, liver or kidney becomes available would be saved.Part III TextBComprehension Check1. d2. c3. b4. d- 142 -Appendix Ic5. b6.Translation(#JAL Appendix III)Language Practice1. prospect2.3. necessarily4.5. vague6.7. was bound to8.9. lent . support to10.11. objections12.13. subscribed to14.15. come to terms with16.17. had second thoughts18.19. prohibiting20.enhancecondemnovercomerests onartificialinevitablesignificantby virtue ofin essencevitalPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksModel paperMy Views on Human CloningWith human cloning becoming a near-term prospect, we are brought face-to-face with the most basic ethical questions of life. Opinions differ widely as to whether human cloning should be prohibited.True, human cloning clearly has much to offer. By using cells from the patients own body to grow organs to replace diseased parts, the problem of rejection can be avoided. This might prove useful, for example, in fighting leukemia through bone marrow transplants. But what about making an identical copy of a human being?Ian Wilmut, who created Dolly the sheep, finds the idea offensiv