大学英语六级翻译技巧.doc

大学英语六级翻译技巧1)分句法把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子.使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子如：八月中旬，修理组人员在骄阳下工作译: It was in mid-August, and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.(一个单句拆分成了一个并列复合句)2)合句法把原文中两个或以上的简单句，主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。例：她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。译文:She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.(多个简单句合成一个单句)3)正译法就汉译英而言，就是把句子按照与汉语相反的表达方式译成英语。例:我们强烈反对公司的新政策译: We strongly object the companys new policy.4)反译法就汉译英而言,就是把句子按照与汉语相反的表达方式译成英语.例：酒吧间只有五个顾客还没有走译文:Only five consumers remained in the bar.5)顺序法顺序法翻译不改变原文表达语序.不会影明对原文内容的理解.例:即使在我们关掉床头灯甜甜地进入梦乡时，电仍然为我们工作:开动电冰箱，把水加热或使室内空调机继续运转。 Even when we tum off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, drivingour refrigerators,heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.在句子中.句子前半部分是一个让步状语从句,后半句的开动，加热，使运转都是电在为我们工作的具体内容。因而在译文中，译者将这三个并行动作处理成了V-ing形式。补充说明working的内容。译文按照原句的语序完全传达了原文的意思.采用顺序法翻译，达到了“精确，通顺”的目的6逆序法逆序法根据目标语使用者表达习惯与目标语读者的认知能力，按原文语序反向翻译.以便更好地传达原文的内容。例:他经常做礼拜的时候.总坐在固定的座位上.可是那天他们发现他不坐在老地方。They remarked how he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend worship.7增词法译文中添加一些原文没有的词句，表面上看似不忠实于原文，但仔细分析就会发现这些增加的词句所表达的意思并非无中生有，而是隐含在原文中的。要知道，从一种语言文字向另一种语言文字转换,有时可以找到一种语言文字在另一种语言文字中的对等词,然而要想全部依赖对等词的转换来达到翻译的目的是几乎不可能的。不同语言文字所持有的习惯仍决定了必须根据其中一种语言文字的习惯来适当地增词(或减词)达到多语言交际的目的。如果机械地按照字面意义直译，不仅不能表达原文的思想、精神与形象，而且还会使译文前后矛盾，闹出笑话。试想，如把“七擒孟获”机械译成:to catch /capture MengHuo for 7 times，不同文化背景的外国读者就很难真正理解这个典故的内涵。例:听到你平安的消息，非常高兴译文:I was very glad on hearing that you were in safety!(增补主语)除了在翻译时要注意及时增补语法功能词之外，有时还需要增补与汉语文化内涵相关的信息。如:“三个臭皮匠，抵个诸葛亮”应当译文:Three cobblers with their wits combined equal ZhuGeLiang,the master mind.译文里the master mind就是个增补注释性表达，否则外国人不可能知道ZhuGeLiang是谁.8)减词法减词是在不影响原意的情况下省略无关紧要的词语，避免拖泥带水。如“他们开始研究近况,分析近况”中的两个近况”可以省略一个,只译成They began to study and analyze the recent situation.因为原汉语句中的两个近况是为了强调，但英文里如果也译成两个the recentsituation,不仅显得罗嗦，也不符合英文表达习惯。例：这种制度，条件成熟的可以实行，条件不成熟的不要实行译文:This system can be adopted where conditions are ripe and not otherwise.(省略原文中重复出现的词语)9)词性转换词性转换不仅是重要的译词手段.也是常用的句法转换变通手段.是一种常用的翻译技巧。说白了，就是在必要的时候，将原文中的某个词的词性在译文里用其他词性表达出来。这种转换会使译文更加灵活变通，不必拘泥于原文形式，却能更准确传达出原文内涵。本部分内容主要从汉译英入手。从四个方面加以说明。1、汉语动词的转换汉语动词的使用频率远远高于英语，这是因为按照英语句法，受主谓关系的限制，一个简单句或分句大多只有一个谓语动词。而且，英语还可以通过谓语动词以外各种词性的词来体现动词意义。因此将汉语句子里的动词转换为英语里其他词性的词是翻译中的常用技巧之一。例：这本书反映了30年代的中国社会译文:The book is a reflection of Chinese society in the 1930s(将汉语动词转换为英语名词)2、汉语名词的转换英语中有很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的副词、形容词等。在汉译英时，汉语中的名词常常可以产生一些转换,从而更简洁有力地表达原文。例：他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员译文:They did their best to help the sick and the wounded(汉语名词转换为英语副词)3、汉语形容词的转换在汉译英时，汉语的形容词往往可以译成英语中的名词或副词，这些名词或副词通常具有抽象意义，而且往往由某些形容词派生而来。例：我们感到，解决这个复杂的问题是困难的译文:We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.(汉语形容词转换为英语名词)4、汉语副词的转换有时出于修辞和句法结构的需要，往往把汉语中的副词用英语其他词性的词来表达，这也是翻译中的一个常用技巧例:独立思考对学习是绝对必须的译文:Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.(汉语副词转换为英语名词)10)综合法有些句子单独使用一种翻译方法是很难翻译好的，需要用几种方法进行综合处理，然后再按照时间顺序，主从结构或逻辑关系等重新排列，即进行句子重组。例 ：除了服务于说本族语者的需要外，英语也是科学、技术和其他领域一些重要著作编撰时所使用的语言，这些著作并非总是由以英语为母语的人所编撰的.译文:English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology and other fields are being produced,not always by native speakers,besides serving the needs of its native speakers.由英文转换到中文的例子:例 The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance,because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.译文:对人们来说，知识的技能及其应用是同样必不可少的，并且也是至关重要的，因为它们也有助于对人类本身下定义，同时允许人类追求日益真实的人的生活。必背翻译句型1.All that is needed is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.2.After being interviewed for the job, you will be required to take a language test. 3.Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them.4.They usually have less money at the end of the month than they have at the beginning.5.Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, which, of course, made the others jealous.6.No matter how frequently performed, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. 7.Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests. 8.The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain. 9.Your hair wants cutting,. Youd better have it done tomorrow.10.Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. 11.Homework done on time will lead to better grades.12.Had it not been for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand. 13.Realizing that he hadnt enough money and not wanting to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.14.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are being developed and perfected now.15.Published as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.16.I have kept that portrait where I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London. 17.Believing the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.18.As might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed. 9.After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys being encouraged to go to school.20.You see the lightning the instant it happens, but you hear the thunder later.精选英语翻译题集训1.I have had great deal of trouble_.(跟得上班上的其他同学) 2 _(我们没有人料到主席会出现) at the party. We thought he was still in hospital.3. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,_(正如预料的那样).4. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much_(是一门科学，也是一门艺术).5. Some women _(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family. 6Over a third of the population was estimated_(无法获得) to the health service.7. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used_(习惯了学生迟到) his lecture.83 . The price of beer_(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season.9.Wed like _(预订一张餐桌) five for dinner this evening.10. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means_(想找麻烦). 11. It may be necessary to stop_(每隔.时间) in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.12. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _(伤害自己).13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was_(忙着准备) her examination.14. The ships generator broke down and the pumps_(不得不用手工操作) instead of mechanically.15. Why didnt you tell me you could me the money? I_ (本来不必从银行借钱的）16By the time you get to New York, I_(已经动身去) London.17. Buying clothes_(是一件很耗时的工作), because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.18. Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.19. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon_(克服了这种心理).20. Please dont stand in the kitchen, youre_（挡路了）. 19721There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone _(打扰我) that evening.22._(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.23.When I _(发现他骗我) I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.24. The manager would rather his daughter_(不在一个办公室内工作).25. The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday_(最终因天气不好而取消了). 17326I_(将在做实验) from three to five this afternoon.27. How close parents are to their children_ _(有很强的影响) the character of the children.28. But for his help, I _(我不可能这么早完成).29. His remarks left me _(想知道他的真实目的).34 . Mark often_(试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 31If this cant be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to_(诉助武力).32. The room is in a terrible mess; it _（肯定没打扫过）.33. Everybody knows he_（受到了冤枉指控）.34. He wears a pair of sunglasses_（惟恐被别人认出来）.35. She never dreams of _(被派到国外). 12436. If you wont agree to our plan,_(他们也不会同意).37. I should say Henry is _(与其说是个作家不如说是) as a reporter.38. _(信不信由你), his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.39. If you dont like to swim, you _(不妨待在家里).40. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you_(弄脏了新地毯). 10041Frankly speaking, Id rather you _(不采取任何措施) about it for the time being.42. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children. 43. John seems a nice person, _(即使这样), I dont trust him.44. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_(正在研制) and perfected now.45. What a lovely party! Its worth_(牢记一生). 7646Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not_(失去联系) the outside world.47. Cancer is _(仅次于) heart disease as a cause of death.48. It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have _(这么好的天气).49. I would _(不会诉诸法律) a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate.50. John cannot afford to go to the university, _(更不用说出国了).51I dont mind your_(你延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late.52. I suggested he _（使自己适应）his new conditions.53. I have no objection_（再听听你的故事）.54. This popular sports car_（正在生产出来）out at the rate of a thousand a week.55. _ （请你找张空白纸）and write your name at the top? 参考答案：1. keeping up with the rest of the class.2. none of us expected the chairman to turn up3. as was to be expected4. an art as it is a science5. could have made a good salary.6. to have no access7. to students being late for8. ranges/varies from 50 cents to $49. to reserve a table for10. to make trouble11. at intervals12. injure himself13. busy preparing for14. had to be operated manually15. neednt have borrowed it from the bank.16. shall have left for17. is often a very time-consuming job18. something was done/some measures were taken19