人教版英语必修五第四单元知识点.doc

U4（BX5）1.occupation n. (job, profession) Please state your name, age and .用法：occupy v.Reading occupies (takes up) most of my free time. 阅读占去了我空闲时间的大部分。 The bathroom is occupied. 浴室有人在用。oneself( in doing sth/with sth)keep oneself busy (doing sth/with sth)忙着(做某事);忙(于某事物)=be occupied (in doing sth/with sth.)Hes occupied in looking after/ with three small children.by occupationHe is a bus driver by occupation.他的职业是公车司机profession-professional-professorby profession就职业来说I dont know what profession would suit me.He is a lawyer by profession.For professional footballers, injures are an occupational hazard.suppose表示“猜想；认为”之意，相当于think或guess，常见用法有： 1后接宾语从句。如： John supposed that he could find some coins soonI dont suppose she will agree with us，will she？ 2后接名词或代词不定式（不定式为to be时常可省略）。如： We all suppose him（to be）an expert in this field3与believe，think，guess，expect等一样，后接so或not，后面省略了宾语部分。如： Will he come with us？他会跟我们来吗？ Yes，I suppose so我想会的。 Will it rain tomorrow？明天会下雨吗？ No，I suppose not I dont suppose so我想不会。 4与believe，think，guess，expect一样，可构成复杂特殊疑问句（特殊疑问词do you suppose 宾语从句的其它部分）。如： When do you suppose they will take the exam？你认为他们什么时候考试？ Who do you suppose turned up last night？你认为昨晚谁来过？ 5.suppose或supposing放在句首，表条件，引导状语从句，相当于if或in case等。如： Suppose Supposing the car breaks down，what shall we do？万一车子抛锚，我们怎么办？ Suppose Supposing they didnt believe it，how should we try to persuade them？6.suppose 宾语从句可用来表建议，意为“怎么样？”或“何不？”。如： Suppose we go for a picnic tomorrow我们明天去野餐怎么样？ Suppose we put off the meeting我们把会议推迟吧。7.be supposed to. 意为“应该 ”；“被期望”，它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词should。e.g： Everyone is supposed to wear a seat-belt in the car. 每个人在汽车里都应该系安全带。 Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike. 老师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。 be supposed to后面接“have + 过去分词”时， 或was/were +supposed to do表示“本应该做某事而没做”。如： You are supposed to have handed in your homework by now. 现在你应该已经把作业交上来了。 He is supposed to have arrived an hour ago. 他应该一小时前就到了。 We were supposed to be here at 8.00, but we are late.3. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular local newspaper.这里是倒装(Inversion), 此句的正常句序是: Zhou Yang will never forget his first assignment at the office of .注意: 当一些否定词,如: never, little, hardly, scarcely, seldom, not, not only, no sooner（than 刚就） 放在句首时,句子部分倒装, 即句序为:否定词助动词主语谓语Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else can you find（你能找到）such a beautiful place. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life had I felt（我感到）so happy. Only+状语放在句首，部分倒装Only in a big city was it possible to buy a new wheelchair.Only by seizing every minute can we finish it on time.Only then did we realize that the man was blind.Only when his dream comes true does she feel relieved.Only Mike has got the invitation.Only修饰其他成分，如主语不引起倒装 4. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin, was to strongly influence his life as a journalist. be to +动词原形,这里表示将来的时态,有注定的意味。His continuous effort is to make him a successful man.（注定）You are to be back before 10pm.(必须） The letter is to be handed to him in person. (必须）When are you to leave for home?（按计划或安排要做） She is to be married next month.（按计划或安排要做）You are to report to the police.(应该） You are not to smoke in this room.=You are not supposed to smoke in this room. （应该）If we are to be there before ten, well have to go now.（想，打算）Such books are to be found in the library. （可能性）If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.(用于“ifwere to do”，表示虚拟语气)was/ were to have done, 表示 “本打算”、“本计划”或“本应当” 做的事而没有做成或没有发生。We were to have told you, but you were not in. 短语 have a bad, good, beneficial, harmful, influence with / on 对.有影响 under the influence of在影响下5. But London has been influenced only by some invaders of England.但是伦敦仅受一些入侵者的影响。influence vt. & n. 影响，感化,影响力The book had a great influence on his life. Under the influence of my friend, I bought a red coat.My teachers influence made me study science at college.He is a man of influence in the city.My teacher influenced my decision to study art.The weather influences crops.affect & influence 意义相近affect 一般指生理/物质上的改变influence 较多用于指感觉/态度上的改变 e.g. 1) Drinking can affect your ability to drive.2）The TV advertisements have influenced my attitude towards drinking and driving. 6. delight n.&v. 愉快，乐趣，快乐to ones delight 令感到愉快的是take delight in sth /doing sth 乐于, 爱好delight sb. with sth. 用某物使某人高兴delight in 喜欢, 嗜好delighted adj.be delighted to doThe kids rushed down to the beach with/ in delight. 高兴地To my secret delight, Sarah announced that she was leaving. 令某人暗自高兴Tom takes great delight in making fun of his sister.= delights in 喜欢 以为乐趣The teacher delighted us with his humor.There are so many delights in travels.1) I took delight _ in _ books. 2) _ To _ his delight, he passed the driving test. 3) She delights _ in _being surrounded by admirers.Fill in the blanks with in /to:7.go out on a story/ cover a story. 1). She was sent to cover the event. 报道，采访2). The road was covered with snow. 覆盖3). She laughed to cover her worry. 遮盖4). The red army covered about 30 miles a day. 走完多少里路5). Is the money enough to cover the cost of a new shirt?（钱）够支付6). His lecture covered the subject thoroughly. v. 包括, 涉及8. Wait till you are more experienced. 等你积累一些经验了才行.experienced adj. 有经验的,熟练的,有 见识经验丰富的常与介词 in 或 at 连用 An experienced doctorHe is experienced in/at bargaining.CN 经历,经历的事情 UN 经验,体验That was an unpleasant experience.He hadnt enough experience for the job.2) n. experience1) v. 经历,体验Our country has experienced great changes.9. eager - eagerly adv. 渴望地， 热切地be eager for /about sth. 渴望，很想be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事Students are eager for new knowledge. 学生们渴望知识 I am eager about progress. 我渴望进步 She is eager to visit her boss. 她急于去看她的老板eagerness n. 热切,渴望10.assist vt./vi.援助，帮助；assistance n. assistant n.assist (sb) to do sth =assist (sb) in doing assist sb with sth. = help sb with sth帮某人做某事e.g These measures were designed to assist people with disabilities.You will be required to assist him in preparing a report.This program assists young people to find work.11.concentrate v. 集中，聚集concentration n. 集中，集合concentrate on/upon sth专心致志做某事She couldnt concentrate on a book very long.她不能长时间专心读一本书。同义短语：fix / focus / center ones attention on=put ones heart into=be absorbed in=be buried in=be devoted to 12. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.Not onlybut also 引导的并列句, 如not only位于句首, not only 所在句倒装。Not only will I go, but also I will take my parents there. 不仅我自己会去，我还会带我的父母去13.acquire(通过不断的学习，询问慢慢获得学问，技术。）1.取得,获得The museum has just acquired a famous painting by Pablo Picasso.Gradually we acquiredexperience in how to do the work. 2. 学到,掌握She has mastered English grammar and acquired a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher.辨析：get 为获得的最普通用语obtain 表示经过很长时间或经过很大的努力而获得期望已久得东西。gain 表付出更大的努力才能获得，译为赢得。14. have a nose for 对很敏感;很善于发现此类形象表达法还有：She has an ear for music. 对有欣赏能力She has an eye for color and style in clothes. 对有眼光Dont poke your nose into other peoples business. 管闲事，插手与己无关的事George turned his nose up at classical music. 对不屑一顾，看不起Tell us what happened. We are all ears. 正在听着，洗耳恭听He turned a deaf ear to what I said. 对听不进去Dont tell him anything. He has a big mouth. 嘴不严15.inform vt. 告知，通知inform sb (of /about sth) tell sbinform sb thateg:1)Did you inform them of the progress of the work?你把工作进程告诉他们了吗？2)Well keep you informed (of /about what happens). 我们将随时向你报告情况。16.meanwhile adv = meantime = in the meantime /meanwhile= at the same time同时My mother went shopping. Meanwhile, I cleaned the house. 妈妈去购物，与此同时，我打扫房间。17.depend on/upon +wh-从句 视.而定, 取决于depend on/ upon+ n 依靠,依赖, 确(坚)信depend on/upon+sb.+to do 指望某人做depend on/upon +it +that. 指望.That (all) depends./ it all depends. (口语)视情况而定，单独使用或置于句首。汉译英：1、You cant depend on your parents forever. 你不能永远依赖你的父母。2、You cant depend on him to come on time. 你不能指望他能按时来。3、You may depend on it that he will come. 你可相信他会来。4、I may help you. But that/ it depends. 我能帮你，但那要看情况而定。5、Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work. 你能否通过考试取决于你有多努力。18.case n. 事(实)例,情形；情(状)况;案件，诉讼 eg:1.This is a common case where the word can be used.这是这个单词运用的常用例子。2.The case he was looking into two years ago was settled at last.两年前他调查的案件终于结案了。-in case 假使；免得，以防,以防万一(引导状语从句，从句谓语用一般现在时，不用将来时态)in case of . 假使,如果发生in any case 无论如何，不管怎样in no case 无论如何不,在任何情况下决不(置于句首时，句子采用倒装语序)in the case of . 就. .来说，至于in this/that case 既然这/那样，假使这/那样eg:1)I will stay at home all day long in case he calls me.我将一整天呆在家里，以防他给我打电话。2)In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.如遇火警，就按警铃。3)In no case will I give in to difficulty.我绝不会向困难低头4)You have finished, havent you? In that case, you may go.19.accuse vt. 指责，谴责；控告accuse sb. of sth.指控某人做某事= charge sb. with sth.指责某人做某事 eg:1)The police accused him of theft.警察控告他偷窃。 2)He was accused of murder. 他被控谋杀。归纳总结：remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事/使某人想起某事warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事suspect sb.of sth. 怀疑某人某事inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事cure sb. of sth. 治好某人rob sb. of sth.抢了某人20.Have you ever had a case where somebody accused your reporters of getting the wrong end of the stick？get the wrong end of the stick 完全误解，弄错He got (held of) the wrong end of the stick他完全搞错了。21.so as to do sth. “为了” 不能用在句首= in order to do sth. 可放句子中任何位置=so that +从句 = in order that +从句 句型转换: I got up at five so as to catch the train= I got up at five in order to catch the train.=I got up at five so that I could catch the train.我买了些牛肉和蔬菜，为的是给晚饭做个汤：I bought some beef and vegetables so as to make a soup for dinner.I bought some beef and vegetables in order to make a soup for dinnerI bought some beef and vegetables so that I could make a soup for dinnerI bought some beef and vegetables in order that I could make a soup for dinner 22.deny vt.1. 否定,否认+v-ing+(that) There is no denying that.事实不可否认.I do not deny that is a serious blow.我不否认那是严重的一击。2.deny doing=deny having doneHe denied having seen these watches before.他否认曾经见过这些手表。He didnt deny the facts.他不否认事实。3. 拒绝给予;拒绝.的要求Women were denied the right tovote then.那时妇女被拒给选举权。23.scepticalbe sceptical of about his abilitydemand 用作名词，有以下两个用法： 表示“要求”：They rejected the union demand. 他们拒绝了工会的要求。Arent those all reasonable demands? 这些难道不都是合理要求吗?表示“需求”：The supply of apples exceeds the demand this year. 今年的苹果供大于求。There is a great demand for typists. 需要大量的打字员。These goods are in good demand. 这些货物销量很大。There is a great demand for these goods. 对这些货物的需求量很大。She is in great demand as a singer.作为歌后很受欢迎。meet/satisfy the demand 满足需求2. 用作动词，意为“要求”、“需求”，通常为及物动词，其宾语可以是名词、不定式、that 从句(从句谓语通常为虚拟的)。如：名词(或代词)：The workers also demanded higher wages. 工人们还要求提高工资。不定式：She demanded to see the editors. 她要求见编辑。He demanded to be told everything.他要求把一切都告诉他。从句：I demand that John (should) go there at once. 我要求约翰立即到那里去。They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult man. 他们要求每个成年人都应有选举权。比较同义句：He demanaded an immediate answer.He demanded to get an immediate answer. 他要求马上得到答复。He demanded to be told everything.He demanded that he (should) be told everything. 他要求把一切都告诉他。【注】demand可后接不定式，但通常不接不定式的复合结构，若意义上需要这类结构，可换成 that 从句或在 demand 后接 of。如：他要求她同我们一起去。误：He demanded her to go with us. 正：He demanded that she (should) go with us. 正：He demanded of her to go with us. 3. 表示“向某人要求某物”，可用demand sth of from sb。如：He demanded an apology from the boss. 他要求老板道歉 thorough adj. 彻底的,详尽的,完全的,周密的,(人) 十分仔细的eg:1) a thorough knowledge of the subject对这一学科透彻的了解2) The film was a thorough success.这部电影获得极大的成功3) You must promise me to take a thorough rest. 你得答应让我好好休息一下。4)She is not brilliant, but she is thorough. 她并非才华横溢，但很细心。-thoroughly adv.极其完全，彻底 thoroughness n. 深入，彻底15.ahead of . (时间，空间)在.前面；早于；领先eg:1)Three boys were ahead of us.有三个小伙子在我们前面。2)I finished the work several days ahead of the deadline.我在最后期限的前几天完成了工作3)She was always well ahead of the rest of the class.她总是遥遥领先班上的同学。ahead of timesenior adj. 年长的，高年级的；高级的eg:1)Many of them are published for senior high school students.许多报纸是为高中生出版的。 2)Senior people can visit the place free of charge.年纪大的人可以免费浏览这个地方。3)Only one manager is senior to me now.只有一个经理比我职位高。4)Jill will be a senior this year. 吉尔今年毕业。set to work set to (doing) sth. = get down to (doing) sth.set out to do sth. / set about doing sthpay attention to ( to 是介词)look forward to devotetobe/get used to.lead tostick toobject tocontribute toaccurate inaccurate adj. / accuracy n. 1)That was the accurate report on the affair.2)Is your watch accurate ?3)He is accurate in his judgement / at figures.Polish v. / n.1)You had better ask your teacher to polish your speech / article.2)You neednt p