语法错题分类(非谓语动词).doc

语法错题分类(非谓语动词)非谓语动词： 不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词顾名思义是具有动词性质，但不能作谓语。但一定要注意，非谓语动词有“意义上的主语”，通过翻译确定主动、被动的关系（决定用现在分词或者过去分词，是主要考点）。 除了谓语之外，他们可以在句子的任何位置，如主语宾语表语宾补或主语补语，或者定语、状语等。 Item One: 不定式不定式，强调动作，经常表示将来的动作（还没有做！）The hospital to be built here is quite modern. We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor. They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do all the work. Their room was on the third floor, its window overlooking the sports ground. 如： remember to do sth； forgot to do (不可能出现forget to do; forget doing) regret to do / regret doing I regret to say the job has been filled. I regret being unable to come. 你知道 Im sorry that I forgot to turn it off before I left. 和 Im sorry that I forgot turning it off before I left的意义区别吗？I remember _ the door before I went to bed. A, lock B. to lock C. to have locked D. being locking 1 秃头不定式（没有to）考点1.1 使役动词（如make, have, let）和感官动词(see, watch, notice, hear, feel，observe )的宾补位置用秃头不定式。 He made me move the car. I wont have him cheat me like that. She wont let me do it. Did you see anyone enter the house? We watched the children pass by. Did you notice a man come in? I heard her lock the door. I felt something scratch my arm. He pretended not to observe her do it. 但这类句子变为被动语态之后，不定式要加to A child was seen to enter the building. 考点1.2 介词but/except 前面谓语是do 或有to do 的形式是，but 连接不带to 的不定式如： He did nothing but watch TV yesterday. He did nothing but complain. There is nothing to do but tell the truth. . He has nothing to do but cry. I have no choice but to accept the fact. He cannot help but cry. She likes nothing but to read novels. I cannot help but be sorry. The best radio sports announcers do far more than just _ you what is happening. (just介词)A. tell B. told C. to tell D. telling He couldnt help but _ crying when he heard of the sorrowful news that his father had died of cancer. A. to burst out B. burst out C. to bursting out D. bursting out 正确答案是 B ， 很容易选 A。 考点1.3 不定式作表语时，经常省略to, 如： All I did was (to) press the button. What you have to do is (to) fill in the form. Why 后面只接动词 Why _ the door open ? A. to leave B. leave Why turn off the light ? Its better to give than to receive. / It is better to give than receive 哪一个句子正确？总结：那些情况用不带to 的不定式呢？ 按下列例句说明： 1. I saw him come. (see, hear, watch, let, make, have 等)； 2. She doesnt nothing but cry. 3. Why dont you go see the doctor ? （go 和come 之后）； 4. Im puzzled what to think or say. 5. You ought to weep instead of laugh. 6. Why talk so much about it? 7. I would rather go than stay. 8. Will you please help me translate this poem? 9. For shame, Tony. You are a man, and behave so. 10. The grass was let grow ( be let go, be let fall 常用于口语)11. The first thing I would suggest is that you go visit the States and see things for yourself. 12. Try knock at the back door if nobody hears at the front door. 另外比较，Do as you are told. 和 Dont go until I tell you to. 考点1.4 有些动词只接不定式，如： afford, agree, arrange, choose, dare, demand, decline, fail, hesitate, offer, prefer, pretend, promise, plan, refuse, resolve, threaten, wish , volunteer. forbid somebody to do sth. 考点1.5 不定式的完成时1). The boy pretended _ heard about that. A, not having B. to not have C. not have D. not to have2). Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. A, to have invented B. inventing C. to invent D. having invented 3). You neednt take the trouble _ those complicated experiments. A. to do B. in doing C. doing D. do Exercises: 1. Was Columbus the first man _ the New World? A, discovering B. to discover C. discovered D. having discovered 2 The question _ by the teacher is difficult _A, asked .to answer B. to be asked.to be answered C. asked. to be answered D. asking. answering 3. The only person I have ever known _ a skeleton in the cupboard is George. A, he had B. having C. that he has D. to have Difficult 很少连接不定式的被动形式The test is difficult to understand. - Is my wish to become a scientist possible _? - Yes, your wish is sure _A, to realize, to realize; B. to be realized, to be realized C, to realize, to be realized D. to be realized, to realize 不定式放在一些形容词之后，作状语，用来修饰形容词或句子。Difficult, easy, able, hard, glad, etc. 固定用法：有时，主动不定式含有被动含义。 He is to blame. She asked me if I had any clothes to wash.There is nothing to fear. I have many children to consider. It isnt a thing to talk about - it is a thing to feel. It is nowhere _. A. to be found B. to find What am I to do if I fail the exam ? (be to do sth. 计划做什么事情) We are to be married soon （表示安排）We were about to give you a phone call _ your letter came. A, until B. when C. after D. as 不定式的被动形式：to be done 1. Its a great honor to be invited to the party. 2. I wish to be excused. 3. The form is to be filled in ink. 4. Such things are to be seen any day. 5. It leaves much room to be desired. 6. This is a day never to be forgotten. 7. There is no sound to be heard. 8. I had to shout to be heard. 9. That remains to be seen. I have a lot of work to do; I have a lot of work to be doneThere is nothing to do; There is nothing to be done. There is nothing to see. There is nothing to be seen. 不定式的进行时，可以说: He was seen to be playing outside the house 吗？He was seen playing outside the house. ( see, hear, watch ) He is believed to be coming. He was said often to be staying up late. Item Two 动名词主要考点：考点1：有些单词只能接+ing 动名词形式mind, appreciate, consider, admit, acknowledge, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, escape, evade, fancy, imagine, include, miss, postpone, practice, recall, resent, resist, risk, stop, suggest etc. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island. A, to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time Feel like She does not feel like eating anything right now. 考点2：Need, require, want, deserve (表示“需要”或“要求”)+ 动名词， 表示被动的意思The house needs repairing = The house needs to be repaired. Whoever breaks the window deserves _A, to be punishing B. being punished C. to punish D. punishing There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions need _A, improving B. to be improving C. being improved D. improved. 考点3：It is no use (useless, no good, time) doing sth. Its no use watering the plant. 考点4： Being +-ed 常用在什么地方，不用在什么地方？ 常作主语或宾语It is a common sense that news ideas have to be tested many times before _A, fully accepting B. being fully accepted C. fully accepted D. been fully accepted 高友林选 C_ as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. A. Surrounding B. Having surrounded C. Surrounded D. Being surrounded 高友林选DHow about _ a film with us ? A, seeing B. to see C. see D. seen Being criticized helped him see things more clearly. This book is well worthy of being kept. _ in both legs made it impossible for him to walk home. A, Badly injured B. Badly being injured C. Being injured D. Injured 高友林选 A 也就是说，Being +-ed 这种形式经常是动名词的被动形式，用于主语和宾语；不是现在分词的被动语态，不用于状语和宾补位置。 Being +-ed根本不用于状语或者是宾语补语的位置。 The noise of doors _ could be heard out in the street. A, opened and closed B. being opened and closed He apologized for _A, his being not able to come B. his being able not to come Item Three 现在分词和过去分词要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作状语、定语和宾补时的形式。 最常见的错误：考点1：现在分词和过去分词定语用错There was a _ look on his face when he heard the news. A, surprised B. surprisingly C. surprise D. surprising 高友林选A（一般接物时-ing； 接人时-ed）exciting news; excited people; Inspiring man; inspired man 有什么区别 ？Greatly _, I heard my daughters _ voice on the phone. A, relieved, excited B. relieved, exciting C. relieving, exciting D. relieving, exciting 高友林选 B考点：现在分词和过去分词作状语或定语时，和主句主语主谓关系搞错；特别注意现在分词和过去分词“意义上的主语”是主动或被动。 作定语：There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A, followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 高友林选 A考点3：过去分词本身表示被动，非要用现在分词的被动形式，不然感觉被动的不厉害。 典型错误： When _ to the sunlight, the medicine will lost its effect. A, being exposed B. exposed; C having been exposed D. exposing; That is the very computer the guard watched _ out of the door that night. A, carrying B. carried C. to have been carried D. be carried 高友林选CA new technique _ to the fields as a whole increased by 30 percent. A, had applied B. having applied C. having been applied D. applied 高友林选C以上题目动作几乎同时发生，没必要用完成的形式表示事情已经发生。 We couldnt agree on any of the _A, problems discussed B. problems discussing C. discussed problems; D. discussing problemsThe mother whose son was lost had a _ look on her face. A, worrying B. worried C inspired D. satisfied 例句：1. I must have my hair cut. 2. I had my arm broken in the accident. 3. Not being seen by any one, he escaped. 4. This done, I set about cleaning the windows. 5. Written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. 6. Asked to stay, I couldnt very well leave. 7. United we stand, divided we fall. 8. What harm can he do locked up? Exercises: 1) There are a lot of problems _ us at the moment. A, faced B. facing C. to face D. to be faced 2) He fell off the horseback, _ his leg. A, hurting B. hurt C. having hurt D. and hurt 3) _, I couldnt enter the room. A, Losing my key B. My key had lost C. My key to be lost D. My key having been lost All things considered; Judging from the appearance, the house is good enough. Judging from his accent, he must be from Hunan. 4) Please dont turn on the radio until _A, asked to B. asking to C. ask to D. to ask 5) The tailor had had the new suit _ me before I paid. A, having on B. dressed by C. wearing D. fit on 6) The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes _ on the screen. A, to fix B. to be fixed C. fixed D. fixing 7) Crusoe went to the cave with a candle _A, lighting B. lighted C. lit D. light 8) _ the result of the test, he stood still at the door, _A, To learn; disappointed B. Learning; disappointing C, Learning; disappointed; D. Having learned, disappointing; 9) All things _, her paper is of greater value than mine. A, being considered B. considered10) With the temperature _ to minus degrees, the electric power is in short supply. A, being reduced B. reduced 11) Im sorry that I cant help _ the floor. A, sweeping B. sweep C. being sweep D swept 12) Fred had his son all the morning _, for the boy hadnt finished his homework. A, stand B. standing 13) The manager was thinking _ on business the next day. A, to go out B. out to go C. of going out D. on going out 14) The governor hid himself somewhere, because he was afraid _A, to be punished B. to punish C. of punishing D. of being punished 15) Real wealth is _ avoid doing what one would rather not. A, being able to B. to be able to 16) Sometimes the students have some _ my handwriting. A, trouble to read B. difficulties in reading C. difficulty to read D. trouble reading Exercises II : 1) With _ she needed _, she left the shopping mall with her husband. A, something to buy B. anything, having bought C. everything, bought D. everything, buying 高友林选D2) Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus _ the delay. A, to have caused B. having caused C. causing D. which caused 高友林选 A 或 B3） The last competitor _ in the singing competition was my friend, who had waited for almost an hour. A, to sing B. sang C. to have sung D. having sung 高友林选C3) The first film _ about Chinese boxing was shown in 1905, wasnt it? A, ever made B. to make C. being made D. having been made 高友林选 B4) His parents could hardly imagine _ the work himself. A, their son doing B. their son done C. their son has done D. their sons done 高友林选B5) _ the good tools, they do it better. A. Lending B. Lent C. Having lent D. Being lent 高友林选D6) Shanghai Book Traders is a business organization _ in the import and export of publications and stationery. A, to specialize B. specialized C. specializing D. being specialized 高友林选 B 7) Contract may make something appear more beautiful than it is when _ alone. (主语是contrast). A, it is seen B. seeing C. to be seen D. having been seen 高友林选C8) Only after _ his work _ to see his grandfather. A, finishing, did he go B. he finishes, did he go C. he finished, he went D. having finished, was it possible for him to go 高友林选D9) Though _ from the flood, the villagers did what they could to fight it. A, to be suffering B. having been suffered C. suffering D. suffered 高友林选D10) _ on for two hours, the patient was finally carried into the ward with his relative to take care of him. A, Having operated B. Being operated C. Having been operated D. To have been operated 高友林选B 11) It was too disturbing to my mind. I will never forgive her for what she has done to me even if _ to do so. A, being begged B. begged C. to be begged D. has been begged 高友林选A12) _ for a quite while, the enemy plane kept flying high before it disappeared. A, To be monitored B. Having monitored C. Being monitored D. Monitored 高友林选B13) We found nothing but his rudeness _ in failure to have the chance to sign the contract. A, resulted B. resulting C. had been resulted D. would be resulted 高友林选 A14) She was so busy that she always had a lot of work _A, leaving undone B. left undone C. still be done D. yet done 高友林选C15) His whole mind was concentrated on the computer game so that he didnt hear the telephone _A, ringing B. to ring C. ring D. rang 16) No one can walk the wire without a bit of fear unless _ very young. A, having been trained B. to be trained C. trained D. being trained 高友林选D17) _ is far from enough for one to develop a healthy body. A, Given enough food to eat B. Being given enough food to eatC, Having been given enough food to eat D. To have been given enough food to eat 高友林选A18) I dont know for sure what illness he suffered from, but I do remember that he mentioned _ in hospital once. A, to be B. to have been C. being D. having been 高友林选B 高友林最常犯的错误： 1. 把非谓语动词“意义上的主语” 搞错 1) ._ carefully, one tap will last at least four to five years. A, To be used; B. If using C. Unless used D. Used 高友林选B2) _ that there would be a traffic jam, I started earlier than usual. A, To think B. It was thought C. Thinking D. Thought 高友林选 D3) _ on a clear day far from the city crowds, the countryside gives a sense of infinite peace. A, Walking B. When one is walking C. Whether D. When 高友林选A4) _ good health, I hope to take some more courses this semester. A, Having good health B. Given C. To be given D. Giving 高友林选A5) _ for a quite while, the enemy plane kept flying high before it disappeared. A, To be monitored B. Having monitored C. Being monitored D. Monitored 高友林选B6) Tom works hard. He is often seen _ heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice. A, sweated B. to be sweated C. sweating D. being sweated 高友林选A7) _ the cinema, it seemed to me that the movie was the worst I have ever seen. A, Leaving B. Having left C. When I left D. When leaving 高友林选 D2. 经常搞混 Being+-ed. 事实上，being+-ed 形式很少用于状语或者宾补的位置；有时Being +-ed用于主语（动名词），或介词的宾语 without being invited. 1). The rent you ask for is reasonable. How would you like it _ ? A, paid B. being paid C. to pay D. paying 高友林选B2) _ as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. A, Surrounding B. Having surrounded C. Surrounded D. Being surrounded 高友林选D3) _ in both legs made it impossible for him to walk home. A, Badly injured B. Badly being injured C. Being injured D. Injured 高友林选 A 4) A beam of light will not bend round corners unless _ to do so with the help of a reflecting device. A, made B. being made C. having made D. to be made 高友林选B5) Beautifully dressed, she tried to make herself _A, noticing B. being noticed C. noticed D. to be noticed 高友林选B6) It was too disturbing to my mind. I will never forgive her for what she has done to me even if _ to do so. A, being begged B. begged C. to be begged D. has been begged 高友林选A7) _ proper care and treatment is what is expected by most patients from every walk of life. A, Given B. Being given C. Having been given D. Giving 高友林选A 8). No one can walk the w