复旦大学2005年博士研究生入学考试英语试题.doc

复旦大学2005年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part Listening Comprehension (15 points)(略)Part Vocabulary and Structure (10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.21The feeling of _ that followed her victory was cut short hy her fathers sudden death.Ainitiation Bintricacy Cinterrogation Dintoxication22An independent adviser has been brought in to _ between the two sides involved in the conflict.Aconciliate Bwaver Cvacillate Dlinger23Roberts enthusiasm for the program of social reform seems to have _, for he seldom mentions it any more.Abroke through Bcome up Cworn off Dfallen out24Talented _ he is, he is not yet ready to turn professional.Asince Bas Cuntil Dwhile25It is very _ of Miss Bingley to refuse to give any money to the church appeal when she could so easily afford it.Aconsiderate Bmiserly Cbelligerent Dtouchy26Obviously what she did was wrong, but I dont think it _ quite such severe punishment.Aslashed Bsurmised Cwarranted Devaluated27_ the time available to us, we will have to submit the report in draft form.AGiving BTo give C Having given DGiven28On a warm sunny day the river seems _ and benign, and its hard to believe it can be dangerous.Atreacherous Bperilous Cplacid Dturbulent29The woman _ the washing machine to see what the problem was, but couldnt put it back together again.Adismantled Bdispensed Cdissolved Ddissipated30Local residents claimed that the noise from the concert was causing a public _.Anuisance Bnuance Cnovelty Dnotification31The candidate knew he could win the election when he saw the _ with which his supporters worked.Azeal Binnocence Cmagnetism Dindifference32_ your help, I might have failed in getting this high-paid job.AThanks to BBut for COwing to DApart from33Police believe that many burglars are amateurs who would flee if an alarm sounded or lights _.Acame out Bcame to Ccame on Dcame in34Even though strong evidence has proved the nicotine to be _, the tobacco company still insists that its products are harmless.Aminute Bsoluble Ccommunicable Daddictive35He _ the mens faces closely, trying to work out who was lying.Aslashed Bsmacked Cslammed Dscrutinized36She was portrayed in the press as a _ sort of character who was only interested in men for their money.Alofty Bdeliberate Ccourteous Dgrasping37The table has a plastic coating which prevents liquids from _ into the wood beneath.Arambling Bpermeating Ceroding Dchasing38Going out for a walk when its pouring with rain is a _ idea.Aconducive Bludicrous Cflashy Dtransient39The lorry was lodged in a very _ way, with its front wheels hanging over the cliff.A precarious Brepulsive Cfastidious Doblivious40Her mother taught her never to _ if someone insulted her, as it would only make the situation worse.Aretaliate Bdeport Coutdo DfoilPart Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneAlways at the beginning of any particular hunt there was one solemn ceremony to perform: an earnest consultation between all the hunters as to which spoor was most worthwhile following. The Bushmen would sit on their heels like elder statesmen discussing the size, mood, sex, and direction of the animals, study the wind, the sun, the hour and the weather generally. When they had picked out one particular spoor they revealed their decision by flicking their hands over it loosely from their wrists and making a sound like the wind between their teeth. They would do that, too, whenever spoor was fresh and promising and the gesture came so clearly from a background of meaning that we never saw it without an mediate quickening of our own pulses.The decision made, they would set out at a steady trot, until there was evidence that their quarry was near. Sometimes they would stalk it, first on their knees and finally full on the stomach, until the animal came within range of their bows. Frequently, if seen, they would make no effort to hide themselves but go slowly, hands behind their backs, imitating the movements of ostriches pecking casually at the food in the veld. When hunting in a group they seemed to prefer shooting in pairs, coming up together on their knees like shadows within a bush. Without a word being spoken but by some process of wordless intercommunication of purpose, simultaneously they would let fly their arrow at the animal, the bowstrings resounding with a wild harp-like twang. That done they would stand up at leisure. They never expected the animal to drop dead at once, knowing they would have to wait until the poison began to do its deadly work.But the first thing to establish was that the arrows had found their mark. The arrows were made in three sections for this very reason. First, the poisoned head was made in one short hollowed piece which fitted into another slightly larger one which was joined to the main shaft, notched at the far end to take the bow-string without slipping or fumbling. This made certain that the wounded animal would be unable to rid itself of the arrow by rubbing its wounded place against a tree, for in this way the arrow-shaft either parted from the arrow-head on impact, or else when the animal started rubbing itself against trunks and thorn bushes. If the hunters recovered the arrows intact, of course, they made no attempt to follow the alerted quarry. But if they found only the shaft they would take up the spoor at once and the real business of the hunt began. How long it took before they closed in for the kill with their spears on an animal already half paralyzed by poison, depended on the sort of poison used, the size of the animal, and the nature and place of the wound. Sometimes the chase would last only an hour or two, but with the greatest of all quarries, the eland, it sometimes took a whole day.I have never seen a killing which seemed more innocent. It was killing in order to live. On their faces there was always an expression of profound relief and gratitude when the hunters quest had been fulfilled. There was also a desire to complete the killing as quickly as possible. I have watched their faces many times while performing this deed and I could see only the strain of the hunt, the signs of fatigue from running all day under a cloudless sky in a high temperature, together with a kind of dedicated expression, but no gloating, or killing for the sake of killing.41According to the passage the hunters kill their prey by _.Afollowing their spoor Bshooting them with spearsCtrapping them Dshooting them with poisoned arrows42What did the writer find exciting to see?AAnimals being chased and killed.BThe hunters hand gestures signaling a target.CThe way the arrows are made.DThe way hunters find their quarry.43The writer considers the hunters as _.Asportsmen Bhumane killersCchildlike savages Dcunning ostrich impersonators44According to the passage, the hunters imitate ostriches because _.Athey want to gain the trust of their intended preyBthey would like to entertain each other after a hard days workCostriches are easier to imitate than elandsDif seen they could hide their heads in the ground45If the hunters found only the shaft of an arrow, it meant most importantly _.Athere was an animal dying somewhereBthe arrow was well madeCthe arrow was badly madeDthey would never find arrow-headPassage TwoAs they turned into Upshot Rise where his parents lived, Jack let go of Ruths hand. Upshot Rise was not a hand-holding street. When you turned into it, you wiped your feet and minded your manners. Each house was decently detached, each privet hedge crew cut and correct. Each drive sported a car or two, and the portals of most of the houses were framed by white pillars that had probably been delivered in polythene bags. Behind each set of white curtains lived people who touched each other seldom. Some had retired and moved into the suburb for the landscape and the silences. Whilst others had begun there, sprouting from the white sheets in the white beds behind the white curtains, who knew nothing of dirt except that of conception and delivery.Jack parents fitted neither of these categories. They were refugees from Nazi Germany. Not the mattress-on-the-the-donkey-cart type of refugee, winding in tracking-shot down the interminable highway, but respectable well-heeled emigrants The flight of the Mullers had been in the early days, without panic and with all their possessions. Jacks fathers business had been an export affair to England so that there was little upheaval in their change of address. Both his father and his mother spoke English fluently, and through the business were already well connected with the upper strata of English social life. They travelled first class from Ostend to Dover, and early in the morning when only the white cliffs were looking, they made a deft spelling change to their name, and landing as the Millar family, they spoke to the customs officer in faultless English, declaring their monogrammed silver. Upshot Rise was a natural home for them. It was almost a duplicate of the Beethovenstrasse where they had lived in Hamburg, quiet, silent, and reliable. Like Upshot Rise, it lay in a dream suburb, a suburb of dream houses, a spotlessly clean nightmare.Jack and Ruth walked enjoined up the hill. They turned into the house that took in the bend of the road. Jack tried to silence the click of the gate as he opened it to let Ruth through. He knew that his mother would be waiting for the noise behind the bedroom window. It was the first time she would see Ruth and Jack wanted to give her no time advantage. He wanted them to meet at the door and see each other at the same time.46It can be concluded from the passage that Upshot Rise has _.Aa strong community spiritBa problem with nosey neighborsCa sterile feel and appearanceDresidents with a flair for self-expression47The word “well-heeled” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by _.Astingy Brich Cconceited Dwell-intentioned48Jack and Ruth did not hold hands as they turned into Upshot Rise because _.AJack had sweaty handsBholding hands was considered immoral behaviorCholding hands was not correct behavior for Upshot RiseDthey were too shy49How did Jacks parents adjust themselves to their new home?AThey began to study English.BThey invented new names for themselves.CThey rarely went out.D They made an alteration to their name.50Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?AJacks parents suffered much discomfort in the course of their moving to England.BJacks parents were persecuted for being German.CJacks parents hated Upshot Rise as much as their old home.DJacks parents fitted naturally into Upshot Rise.Passage ThreeMedicine achieved its splendid eminence by applying the principle of fragmentation to the human condition. Our bodily ills have been split up and relegated to different experts: an itch to the dermatologist, a twitch to the neurologist and if all else fails, a visit to the psychiatrist. For this last, intangible function the family doctor has been taken over by the specialist confessional.Abroad, the family doctor is almost extinct. In Germany, every doctor “specializes.” In Israel, you queue at one desk for a cut finger, at another for a sprain, and a third for shockeven if all three symptoms resulted from one accident. In Britain, both the growing importance of hospital facilities and the reluctance of G. P. s to unit their resources has gone far towards making the surgery an overloaded sorting depot for hospital clinics. There is no room for the amateurbe it in delivering a baby or calming a neurotic.Consultants and G. P. s begin the same way, as medical students obliged to cultivate detachment. But whereas a family doctor gets involved in the intimate details of his “parish”, the consultant need only meet aspects of the patient relevant to his specialty. The more he endeavours to specialize， the more extraneous phenomena must be shut out. Beyond the token bedside exchanges he need not go. Consequently, in a surgical ward, there are no people at all： only an appendectomy, a tumor, two hernias, and a “terminal case” (hospitals avoid the word “dying”). To make impersonality easier, beds are numbered and patients are known by numbers. Remoteness provides the hospital with a practical working code.Nurses too have evolved their own defense system. Since they care for individuals, they could with dangerous case become too involved. The nursing profession has therefore perfected its own technique of fragmentation, “task assignment.” This enables one patients needs to be split up among many nurses. One junior will go down a row of beds inserting a thermometer into a row of mouths. Whether the owners are asleep or drinking tea is irrelevant, the job comes first In her final year, a student will undertake the premedication of patients on theatre-list. She has by that time learnt to see them as objects for injection, not frightened people.Nursing leaders realize the drawbacks in this system. There has been talk of group assignment to link nurses with particular patients and give some continuity. But the actual number of experiments can be counted on one hand. Nurses, as they often plead, touchingly, “are only human.” They shun responsibility for life and death. If responsibility is split into a kaleidoscope of routines, it weighs less on any one person.51In this passage, the writer is ultimately suggesting that _.Ahealthcare has become more efficientBhealthcare has become less caringChospitals have too many specialistsDthere should be more opportunities for amateurs in hospitals52According to the passage nurses are _.Aoverpaid and uncaring Boverworked and unfairly criticizedCoverwhelmed and undervalued Duncaring but efficient53The writer holds that hospitals abroad are _.Amore efficient than those in BritainBmuch cleaner than those in BritainCultimately no better than those in BritainDideal examples of an ideal healthcare system54According to the writers the attempts by nursing leaders to improve the system are _.Aa step in the fight direction BimpressiveCfew Dflawed55The word “shun” in the last paragraph means _.Adodge Bclaim Cappreciate DundertakePassage FourIn the 1350s poor countrymen began to have cottages and gardens which they could call their own. Were these fourteenth-century peasants, then, the originators of the cottage garden? Not really: the making and planting of small mixed gardens had been pioneered by others, and the cottager had at least two good examples which he could follow. His garden plants might and to some extent did come from the surrounding countryside, but a great many came from the monastery gardens. As to the general plan of the small garden, in so far as it had one at all, that had its origin not in the country, but in the townThe first gardens to be developed and planted by the owners or tenants of small houses town cottages as it were, were almost certainly those of the suburbs of the free cities of Italy and Germany in the early Middle Ages. Thus the suburban garden, far from being a descendant of the country cottage garden, is its ancestor, and older, in all probability, by about two centuries. On the face of it a paradox, in fact this is really logical enough: it was in such towns that there first emerged a class of man who was free and who, without being rich, owned his own small house: a craftsman or tradesman protected by his guild from the great barons, and from the petty ones too. Moreover, it was in the towns, rather than in the country, where the countryside provided herbs and even wild vegetables, that men needed to cultivate pot-herbs and salads. It was also in the towns that there existed a demand for market-garden produce.London lagged well behind the Italian, Flemish, German and French free cities in this bourgeois progress towards the freedom of having a garden; yet, as early as the thirteenth century, well before the Black Death, Fitz Steven, biographer of Thomas a Becket, was writing that, in London: “On all sides outside the house of the citizens who dwell in the suburbs there are adjoining gardens planted with trees, both spacious and pleasing to the sight.”Then there is the monastery garden, quoted often as a “source” of the cottage garden in innumerable histories of gardening. The gardens of the great religious establishments of the eighth and ninth centuries had two origins： St. Augustine, copying the Greek academe did his teaching in a small garden presented to him for that purpose by a rich fri