英语论文——乱世佳人中的女性主义.doc

精品文档 辅修专业学士学位毕业论文（设计）题目（中文）： 乱世佳人中的女性主义 （英文）： Feminism in Gone with the Wind 学 院 年级专业 学生姓名 学 号 指导教师 完 成 日 期 年 月 Feminism in Gone with the Wind Written bySupervised byA Thesis Submitted to Shanghai Normal UniversityIn Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Bachelor of ArtsIn English LanguageForeign Languages College, Shanghai Normal UniversityOctober 2011AcknowledgementsI am very glad to dedicate this thesis to all the people in my life.I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to you, my respected teacher, Professor Lu Lingmei. Thanks for instructing us, I enjoy every minute of your fascinating word. In your instruction, I have learnt lots of useful phrases, sentence structure and the magnificent culture of western countries in your class which I used to have very little contact with. Without your encouragement and instruction, I could not have completed my thesis. Thanks for reading, I will do the best part of mine to going on trying to learn English in a high-quality level. My respected teacher, thank you again for your lessons and I cordially wish you all the best . AbstractThis paper aims to explain the tough character of the author after her marriage went to a failure, and, the relevance feminism. I have divided my paper into three parts:The first part is about the content of feminism. The second part focuses on feminism in Gone with the Wind. The third part introduce the impact of authors experience to the character Scarlett.The final part is a conclusion of the paper. Gone with the Wind is a powerful drive to the trend of thought of feminist in the world. In addion to the trend is it s profound influence on the American women. The charming beauty of the nice women in the troublous time deserves the praise of us. Key words: Scarlett; Gone with the Wind; feminism摘要这篇论文的目的，旨在阐述作者的婚姻失败引发作者笔下主人公的坚强性格，及对女性独立的联系。以下分为三部分：第一部分写的是女权主义的内容。第二部分写的是乱世佳人中所体现出的女权主义。第三部分写的是作者的经历对于塑造女主人公的影响。最后将提及一句经典名言：“明天又是新的一天了。”女主人公对人生积极的态度让我敬佩有加。女主人公三次婚姻失败，但她依然追梦，坚定不移地贯彻她的女权主义思想，坚决要活出理想中自己的样子，永远相信明天会更好。最后一段旨在总结论文，说明乱世佳人推动了全世界的女权主义思潮，以及对美国后期女性的影响。乱世之“乱”和佳人之“佳”，值得我们后人称道。关键词：斯嘉丽；乱世佳人；女性主义ContentsAcknowledgements .iAbstract .ii摘要.iv1. Introduction .12.The Content of Feminism.23. Feminism in Gone with the Wind.53.1 Persuit of Women .63.2 Scarletts Practice .83.2 Scarletts Dream .104. Margaret Mitchell .11 4.1 Margaret Mitchells process of maturity and marriage.11 4.2 Margaret Mitchells Process of Writing.13 4.3 The Reason for Margaret Mitchell to write Gone with the Wind.155. Conclusion .16Bibliography.181. Introduction Gone with the Wind has always been regarded as one of the classic love stories in American literature. As a main character of this masterpiece, Scarlett s three marriages have always been the topic of its critics, audiences and readers. In regard of her marriages there have been many arguments. Some think that the three marriages ruined her happy life, but others hold the point of view that her three marriages helped her to know more about life and made her know how to pursue a happy life. This paper attempts to help readers analyze this novel in the perspective of feminism to shed some new light on it. This thesis also tries to reveal modern womens attitudes toward life by analysing the main character in Gone with the Wind - Scarlett s attitudes toward life. Gone with the Wind is one of the classic love masterpieces in peoples memory. The novel is set in the background of the American Civil War. It is also a romantic drama and the only novel written by Margaret Mitchell. It is set in Jonesboro and Atlanta, Georgia during the American Civil War and Reconstruction and follows the life of Scarlett OHara, the daughter of an Irish immigrant plantation owner. The main story is about the manors owner Scarlett and her complicated interpersonal relationship with several men, which includes love and revenge. Coupled with the big changes in the society and history. Once the novel Gone with the Wind was published, many people believe that the great success obtained by the novel didnt lie in the authors intention to placed in the background story of the history of the famous American Civil War, and not for the war which caused the fuse.（陈晓红 2004：24）Gone with the Wind is not only a famous human romantic masterpiece, but also a demonstration of the great and profound changes in the historical period, and meanwhile it is the declaration of the feminism. The conciousness of feminism can be concluded in a sentence, that is: Women demand independence and equality, and dare to challenge the idea of macho culture. The main character Scarlett in Gone with the Wind is a vivid image of the women who pursue the feminism. Her action of indepence and without yielding to the macho culture has enabled the novel to reach an unprecedented level of writing. The novel won the 1937 Pulitzer Prize and was adapted into an Academy Award-winning 1939 film of the same name. It was also adapted into a stage musical Scarlett. There was also a 2008 new musical stage adaptation in Londons West End titled Gone With The Wind. It was the only novel published by Mitchell during her lifetime, and it took her seven years to write it and a further eight months to check the thousands of historical and social references. The novel is one of the most popular books of all time, selling more than 30 million copies. Over the years, the novel has also been analyzed for its symbolism and treatment of mythological archetypes. And Time magazine included the novel in its TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005. Here are some the comments all over the world. Occupying an important place in the history of twentieth-century American literature, dismissed by most academic literary critics for being uneven, flawed, and conventionally written in an age marked by literary experimentation, and attacked by some cultural commentators as promulgating racist myths and undermining the very foundations of its basically feminist paradigm, the best-seller of the twentieth century continues to withstand its detractors.2. The Content of Feminism Feminism is a seris of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and equal opportunities for women. Its concepts overlap with those of womens rights. Feminism mainly focuses on womens issues, but because feminism seeks for gender equality, some feminists argue that mens liberation is therefore a necessary part of feminism, and that women are also harmed by sexism and gender roles. Feminists are people whose beliefs and behaviour are based on feminism. Feminist theory exists in a variety of disciplines, emerging from these feminist movements and including general theories and theories about the origins of inequality, and, in some cases, about the social construction of sex and gender. Feminist activists have campaigned for womens rightssuch as their rights in contract, property, and voting while also promoting womens rights to bodily integrity and autonomy and reproductive rights. They have opposed domestic violence, sexual harassment, and sexual assault. In economy, they have advocated for workplace rights, including equal pay and opportunities for careers and to start business.Feminist philosophy can be summed up as the concern of all kinds of theoretical and all sorts of successful application of the theory. It mainly shows the following seven aspects:1. The investigation of the womens situation. Feminists find that women are in the low position of the society and live in a miserable condition. All is the reality of the social unevenness. Women are structured by the socity and they have no choice of power and ability. 2. The attention to the female existence. People find that women exist everywhere in the society. But they are just like air, because women are subsidiary to the men. The state of womens existence is the result of the social male repressive regime and it is caused by the unreasonable history. Feminism is an expressive force for the attention to the womens existence.3. The ensurance of female power: economic rights, political rights and legal power. The equality of rights between men and women should be set in the first priority of the equality of men and women, power parity consciousness and the real power equality is very important. But, the rights of women are excluded and trodden down and it has never been given.4. The guarantee of the safety for women. It is an important need to the societys warning and protection measures. In the family and in public places, women are often under males attacks and harassment. Mens violent treatment to women leads to the womens sexual terrorist disaster. 5. The awakening of womens conscious self consciousness and the liberation of the womens subjectivity and free development. It is not only the social question, but it concerns women themselves. Self awareness or consciousness is the key towards development. Women created equal by God are still often not admitted. Women themselves constantly strive to become strong in self struggle and social movement, and the combination may lead to the possibility of success.6. The humanitarian justice for women who suffer from discrimination. The fact that women revealed the assuming human real justice, freedom and humanitys responsibility. Including the women aso as to nature, and of human culture and national culture, to the whole of the individual. They are all with humanitarian justice to treat.7. The establishment of female identity and their status in society. The liberation of women is reflected in the identity and social status and thus in getting the right position in society, womens liberation, freedom and development are the main points of feminism and it can help to put an end to womens tragedy. It can help them get out of the crisis. It can finally make contribution to help human beings to get out of crisis and real harmony which will lead to the prospects of the bright future.3. Feminism in Gone with the Wind In Gone with the Wind, Margaret Michel described its heroine Scarlett as a very brilliant image of feminism. Scarlett is brave, dares to pursue autonomy, and economic and personal independence. She dares to rebel against the tradition of the female staying at home and supporting the male in the outside world, we can say that Scarlett has become a pioneer of pursuing the female dependence and self-reliance. She is also the representative of the female. Generally speaking, the writers ideological values and emotions are always shown in their works and the characters in the works. The research for the authors is inseparable from their works, as well as the characters. So in this paper I attempt to explore the feminism of Margaret Mitchell from the protagonist Scarletts point of view in Gone with the Wind.As the story goes on, Scarlett are brave enough to leave her former love behind and run for her next love. It sets the great model of the feminism, of the pursuit of sex consciousness. Scarlett is brave enough to make her own choices . Then, Scarletts action has greatly generated the image of a woman with her strong mind to earn her living through her utmost encouragement. This shows there has aroused the main part of the feminism, that is the independence and the autonomy of the women. In other words, women are able to take the place of men in work to survive in that period of tough time. Another part of the original power of feminism is the unchanged attitude in the womans life, however tough it is and whatever difficulty she meets with. Despite Scarletts ever-lasting pursuit of life and love, she cant escape from her sad destiny. In that period of time, the rise of the feminism cant solve anything, such as long-lasting happiness and wealth.Atthattimeofsociety,feminismhasbecomethemostconsiderableandattractivecurrentofthought.Asoneofthebest-sellersallovertheworldin1960s,Gonewith theWindhasbeenexplainedbyagreatnumberofscholars. Anditsfeminismis absolutelybeingattractivetotheexpertsandresearchers. This paperis separatedintotwoparts,namely,femalecharactersandfeminism, initiatesaclose-readingofthestylisticfeaturesofthisnovel,andanalyzesfeminism inthebookindifferentaspects,suchasthetruefeminisim,thenewfeminisim,and theself-estimate.Also,itlooksintotheformandthecauseoffeminismfromthe anglesofthefemininethought,thefemininemind,thefemininelanguageandthe feminineimage.Itisthehopeoftheauthortobringsomenewlighttotheunderstandingand cognitionofthisgreatwork.3.1 Persuit of WomenLet us review the novel, because the whole novel is just like the process of Scarlett s change of mind, and the men and the things which she has met and experienced are largely transformed into her psychological behaviour. This classic novel tells us a woman who named Scarlett who is a strong woman. She can bear anything romantic. Scarlett falls in love with Ashley since that day two years ago when Ashley, newly home from his three years Grand Tour in Europe, and called to pay his respects, she had loved him.(Mitchell 1974:181) Scarlett loved him since she was 16-year-old, and no matter how hard her love is for him, she always insists on it. She wants him though he is her sister-in-laws husband, she has never let him go. She hopes Melanie, her sister-in-law, will die when she has childbirth during the war, so that she can get Ashley. But when Melanie had a miscarriage and was dying. She suddenly finds how deep her love is to Melanie. She feels so sorry that she has done something wrong to Melanie, to Ashley and also to her husband Rhett. She always thinks Ashley and money consist of everything in her life. Making money is her obligation. If she has enough money, she will be far away from starvation and cold, and show off her money to all the people she hates and show contempt to them.Scarlett is a brilliant image with feminist color whom Michel Margaret creates in Gone with the Wind. She dares to go against the tradition and the treatment of females as inferior to males, and she dares to go out of the family and enter into the patriarchal world in order to obtain the females independence in economy and personality. Meanwhile Scarlett is also indecisive and perplexed in her love life. The meaning of her struggling for herself cant be ignored.（Deng 2005：02）Scarlett has married three times. The first time is to marry Charles who is Melanies brother. The second is to marry Frank who is her sister Suellens husband. The third is to marry Rhett. It is wrong of her either to marry Charles or to marry Frank. The first is for grudge, the second is for money, but Rhett is just her Mr. Right. But she does not know that ,Wife is the last one to know .One thing Scarlett has done wrong is that she has understood none of the men she has loved and so she has lost them all. If sheunderstood Ashley, she would not love him so long, and if she understood Rhett, she would never lose him.Not untill Melanie is dead does, Scarlett raslize that she doesnt love Ashley, she says I loved something I made up, something thats just as dead as Melly is. I made a pretty suit of clothes and fell in love with it. And when Ashley came riding along, so handsome, so differet. I put that suit on him and make him wear it, whether it fitted him or not. And I wouldnt see what he really was, I kept on loving pretty clothes and not him at all. He s never existed at all, except in my imagination.For Ashley, he is someone that denies her, Even now, she could recall each detail of his dress, how brightly his boots shone the head of a Medusa in cameo on his cravat pin, the wide Panama hat that was instantly in his hand when he saw her. (Mitchell, 1974:200) Scarlett is just a woman he doesnt really love, but wants to get a womans body, let alone her heart. But for Rhett, he wants Scarletts mind and heart more than any other things. He lovs her not just for her body because he know how little bodies mean, so he cares little about for body, but about her heart, but he has never got it before his heart breaks into pieces. When his sweet daughter Bonnie is dead,everthing is lost ,Bonnie has taken everything from him. Rhetts tragedy is that he loves Scarlett too much to let her go, but Scarlett realizes that too late.When Scarlett is aware of her love to Rhett, everything is too late. She hurts Rhetts heart so deeply that he cant take his broad bosom to her, and he cant be hurt any longer, any more. She is such a stupid fool that she has lost everything at the beginning. In spite that she is strong enough, her big desire makes her lose everything, because she never know what the real love is. Desire and achievement are two different things, so she lose both Ashley and Rhett.From my point of view, after the death of Scarletts first husband, the widow hasnt been trapped in the traditional c