印度保险公司账户(英汉互译).doc

印度保险公司账户印度保险业发展经历了一个从开放的自由竞争到国有化、然后又重新回到自由竞争市场的辨证回归过程。印度保险市场规模较小,外资比例较低,但集中程度较高;个人寿险市场发展较快,但团体寿险滞后。一、印度保险市场规模较小印度保险市场规模列世界第19位,在亚洲排在日本、韩国、中国和中国台湾地区之后列第5位。2003年保费总收入达230亿美元,占世界保费总收入的0.6%。与世界许多国家相似,寿险保费收入占当年保费收入的78.5%,而非寿险保费收入只占21.5%,充分反映了居高不下的储蓄率水平。从印度保险市场保险深度(保费占GDP的比例)来看,1990年之前一直维持在1.5%的水平,直到2003年,保险深度才上升到2.88%,其中寿险占2.26%,非寿险占0.62%。与世界其他国家相比,印度保险深度列世界第54位,列亚洲第11位,与印度人均国民收入基本相符。从人均保险费看,印度是亚洲保险密度最低的国家之一。2003年印度人均购买保险费用为16.4美元,其中寿险为12.9美元,非寿险为3.5美元。这在很大程度上与10多年来印度高达1.7%的人口增长率密切相关。二、市场集中程度高,但外资比例低印度保险业直到2000年才开始进行自由化的改革开放,保险市场的集中程度非常高。截止2003年,印度保险市场几乎被印度寿险公司(LIC)和四家国有非寿险公司所垄断,分别占有寿险市场的87%和非寿险市场的83%。实际上,印度是亚洲保险市场集中程度最高的国家之一。由于印度保险法有对外资持股不超过26%的规定,所以印度保险公司没有一家是外资控股。外资持股主要集中在私营保险公司,2003年外资在寿险公司的持股比例为13%,在非寿险公司的持股比例为14%。印度寿险市场被内资主导的原因也是由于印度政府直到2000年才实施真正的自由化改革。但可以预计,外资保险公司将继续进入具有巨大发展潜力的印度保险市场。三、非寿险业以个人汽车和火灾保险为主车险和火灾险构成印度非寿险业的两大支柱,也是过去几年保费增长最快的部门。与其他国家的保险市场相比,印度的个人非寿险业务比较发达,特别是个人汽车和私人住宅火灾险,而在中国住宅火灾险主要由公司购买。实际上,与其他人均收人相当的新兴发展中国家相比,印度的个人保险比例最高,达42%左右。可以预计,随着印度经济持续的高速增长、家庭汽车拥有量的稳定增加、房地产市场的兴旺和人民生活水平的提高,车险、房屋火险、意外事故和医疗健康险等个人保险市场将继续保持增长势头。四、寿险业以个人保险为主,团体保险滞后与其他许多亚洲国家相似,印度寿险市场发展主要得益于个人保险业的驱动,团险市场发展相对滞后。其原因一方面是很多保险公司将重点放在向个人推销储蓄类产品,另一方面,印度很少有公司向员工提供寿险福利。在印度,人们更多地把寿险看成是一种储蓄工具而不是一种风险防范的产品。因此风险比率(即风险溢价占保费总额的比重)仅为2%。India insurance company accountsIndia insurance industry experienced from an open competition to nationalisation, then came back to competitive market differentiation processes.Indias insurance market smaller, foreign investment is relatively low, but the concentration is higher, individual life insurance market has developed rapidly, but lagging group life insurance. First, Indias insurance market smaller India insurance market ranks the worlds 19th-place in Asia behind Japan, and Korea, China and Chinas Taiwan region ranks the 5th place. 2003 Premium total revenue amounted to $ 23 billion, 0.6% of the worlds premium income. Similar to many countries of the world, life insurance premiums accounting for premiums, 78.5%, while non-life premium income accounted for only 21.5%, fully reflects the high level of savings rates. India insurance market depth (the ratio of premiums to GDP), until 1990 maintained at a 1.5% level, until 2003, the penetration rose to 2.88%, of which life insurance accounted for 2.26%, non-life insurance 0.62%. Compared with the rest of the world, India insurance depth listed 54th in the world, 11th place in Asia, and India per capita income are equally matched. From the perspective of per capita insurance premium, India is one of the Asian countries with the lowest insurance density. 2003 India per capita cost of buying insurance for $ 16.4, life insurance for $ 12.9, non-life insurance of USD 3.5. This is to a large extent, with more than 10 years, India is closely related to population growth rates of up to 1.7%. Second, the degree of market concentration is high, but the low ratio of foreign investment India did not begin until 2000 liberalisation of the insurance industrys reform and opening up, the insurance market concentration is very high. As of 2003, Indias insurance market was almost India life insurance Corporation (LIC) and four State-owned monopolies by non-life insurance company, each owns life insurance market, 87% and 83% of the non-life insurance market. In fact, India is the country with the highest concentration of the insurance market in Asia. Since India insurance law has provisions governing foreign ownership does not exceed 26%, so India insurers are foreign-owned. Foreign ownership is concentrated in private insurance companies, 2003 foreign stake in insurance company 13%, in non-life insurance companys stake to 14%. India life insurance market is dominated by domestic reasons but also because the India Government until 2000, when real liberalization reform. But it can be expected, foreign insurance companies will continue to enter the huge development potential of Indias insurance market. Three, non-life insurance industry to personal auto and fire insurance and auto insurance, and fire insurance of India the two pillars of the non-life insurance industry, premiums in the past few years the fastest-growing segment. Compared with other countries insurance markets, Indias more developed personal non-life insurance business, in particular those in cars and private housing fire insurance and residential fire insurance in China is mainly purchased by the company. In fact, compared with emerging and developing countries commensurate with income of others, Indias highest proportion of individual insurance, up to 42%.Can be expected, as India sustained and rapid economic growth, steady increase of household car ownership, property market boom and the improvement of peoples living standard, car insurance, home fire insurance, accident and health insurance, individual insurance market will continue to maintain the momentum of growth. Four,Life insurance industry dominated by private insurance, group insurance lags. similar to many other Asian countries, Indias life insurance market development has mainly benefited from the personal insurance industry-driven, group insurance market development is lagging behind. The reason for this is that many insurance companies focused on the one hand in the marketing of savings products to