化学化工专业英语样卷.doc

绍兴文理学院 XX 学年 第二学期 化学 专业 XX 级 专业英语 试卷(答题卷)（考试形式：闭卷 ）题 号（型）一二三四五六七八九核分人得 分总分评卷人I. Write the formula for each of the following chemicals: (30 points) 1) silver nitrate 2) ferric oxide 3) potassium sulfate 4) ammonium chloride 5) magnesium hydroxide 6) sodium phosphate 7) silicon dioxide 8) zinc sulfide 9) lithium bromide 10) calcium carbonate 11) lead acetate 12) carbon tetrachloride 13) cyclohexane 14) meta-diethyl benzene 15) dimethylamine 16) 3-methyl-1-butyne 17) meta-nitrotoluene 18) 2-bromo-5-phenyl-3-octene 19) 3-hexanone 20) N,N-dimethyl acetamide 21) p-phenylbenzamide 22) benzoyl chloride 23) ethylene glycol 24) methyl n-propyl ether 25) 1,3-pentadiene 26) methyl formate班级： 姓名： 学号： .OOOOO装O订O线OOOO OO 27) o-phthalic anhydride 28) propionic acid 29) formaldehyde 30) p-methoxybenzaldehydeII. Give the English name for each of the following compounds (15 points): 1) H2SO4 2) Al2O3 3) KH2PO4 4) SO35) CH2=CH-CH3 6) (CH3)3CCl 7) CF3COOH 8) H2NCH2CH2NH2 9) (CH3)2CHOH 10) p-F-C6H4-OH11) CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CO-CH3 12) CH3-CH=CH-CHO13) CH3-CH(OH)-COOH 14) CH3CO-CH2COOC2H515) CH3(CH2)3CN III. For the following descriptions or definitions, determine true or false for each statement based on principles in chemistry (10 points): 1) The oxidized and reduced species that appear in an ion-electron equation are may be non-reactants.2) Standard enthalpy of formation is the heat of formation of one mole of a compound by combination of its elements in their standard states at a specified temperature.3) Enantiomers are pairs of molecules with the same formula that rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions. 4) A nucleophile is an electron deficient atom or group that will bond with an atom that has a available electron pair 5) Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of a product that can be formed according to a balanced chemical equation OOOO装O订O线OOOOIV. (5 points) Answer the following questions in ENGLISH: Nitrous oxide, N2O, undergoes decomposition when heated to give N2 and O2.2 N2O (g) 2 N2 (g) + O2 (g)What is the molar composition of the gaseous mixture produced? Compare this composition to that of air and predict whether the mixture will support combustion or not? V. (5 points) Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph with the appropriate words or phrases listed at the end of paragraph: The rules that govern the naming of chemical compounds are known collectively as chemical _. In a simple way, the name of a cation consists of the name of the element, the _on the ion as a Roman numeral in parenthesis, and the word “ion”. The name of a monatomic _ (e.g., Cl-) consists of the name of the element with the ending “ide”, followed by the word “ion”. A binary compound is one containing atoms or ions of only two _. Salts are _ formed between cations and anions of acids. For binary molecular compounds, prefixes are used to indicate the number of each element present. anion elements nomenclature ionic compounds charge VI. (5 points) Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph with the appropriate words or phrases listed as follows: The geometry around the C=C double bond in an _ plays an important role in the chemistry of these compounds. The presence of the bond restricts rotation around a C=C double bond. There is no way to rotate one end of this bond relative to the other without breaking the bond. Because the _ is relatively strong (270 kJ/mol), rotation around the C=C double bond cannot occur at room temperature. Alkenes therefore form stereoisomers that differ in the way substituents are arranged around the C=C double bond. The _ in which similar substituents are on the same side of the double bond is called cis; whereas that with similar substituents are across from each other, is called trans. The cis isomer of 2-butene, for example, has both _ groups on the same side of the double bond. In the trans isomer the CH3 groups are on the _ sides of the double bond. opposite alkene methyl bond energy isomer VII. (10 points) Fill in the blanks in the following with the appropriate words or phrases listed at the end of the paragraph: So far, we have built a small repertoire of reactions that can be used to convert one functional group to another. We have briefly discussed converting alkenes to alkanes; alkanes to alkyl halides; alkyl halides to alcohols; alcohols to ethers, aldehydes, or ketones; and aldehydes to carboxylic acids. We have also shown how carboxylic acids can be converted into esters and amides. We have yet to encounter a reaction, however, that addresses a basic question: How do we make C-C bonds? One answer resulted from the work that Francois A.Grignard started as part of his Ph.D. research at the turn of the last century. Grignard noted that alkyl _ react with magnesium metal in diethyl ether to form compounds that contain a metal-carbon bond. Methyl bromide, for example, forms methylmagnesium bromide. Et2O CH3Br + Mg CH3MgBr Because carbon is considerably more _ than magnesium, the metal-carbon bond in this compound has a significant amount of ionic character. Grignard reagents such as CH3MgBr are best thought of as hybrids of ionic and _ Lewis structures. CH3-Mg-Br CH3- Mg2+ Br-Grignard reagents are our first source of carbanions (literally, anions of carbon). The Lewis structure of the CH3- ion suggests that carbanions can be Lewis bases, or electron-pair _. Grignard reagents such as methylmagnesium bromide are therefore sources of a nucleophile that can attack the + end of the C=O double bond in aldehydes and ketones. Thus the most important aspect of the chemistry of Grignard reagents is the ease with which this reaction allows us to couple alkyl chains. Isopropylmagnesium bromide, for example, can be used to graft an isopropyl group onto the _ chain of an appropriate ketone. electronegative hydrocarbon covalent donors halides 班级： 姓名： 学号： .OOOOO装O订O线OOOO OOVIII. (10 points) Fill in the blanks in the following with the appropriate words or phrases listed at the end of the paragraphs:Why do some solids dissolve in water? The sugar we use to sweeten coffee or tea is a molecular solid, in which the individual molecules are held together by relatively weak _. When sugar dissolves in water, the weak bonds between the individual sucrose molecules are broken, and these C12H22O11 molecules are released into _. It takes energy to break the bonds between the C12H22O11 molecules in sucrose. It also takes energy to break the hydrogen bonds in water that must be disrupted to insert one of these sucrose molecules into solution. Sugar dissolves in water because energy is given off when the slightly polar sucrose molecules form intermolecular bonds with the polar water molecules. The weak bonds that form between the solute and the solvent compensate for the energy needed to disrupt the structure of both the pure solute and the solvent. In the case of sugar and water, this process works so well that up to 1800 grams of sucrose can dissolve in a liter of water. Ionic solids (or salts) contain positive and negative ions, which are held together by the strong force of _ between particles with opposite charges. When one of these solids dissolves in water, the ions that form the solid are released into solution, where they become associated with the _solvent molecules. H2O NaCl(s) Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) We can generally assume that salts _ into their ions when they dissolve in water. Ionic compounds dissolve in water if the energy given off when the ions interact with water molecules compensates for the energy needed to break the ionic bonds in the solid and the energy required to separate the water molecules so that the ions can be inserted into solution. dissociate intermolecular forces attraction polar solution IX. (10 points) Fill in the blanks in the following with the appropriate words or phrases listed at the end of the paragraphs: A soap bubble is simply a very thin sheet of water sandwiched between two layers of soap molecules, also called _. These molecules are called amphiphilic. T