必修三Unit3语法宾语从句与表语从句.ppt

Grammar Nounclausesastheobjectandpredicative 宾语从句和表语从句 RelatedConception 相关概念 1 名词 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词 2 名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分 名词在句中主要作主语 表语 宾语和同位语 1 Henryisabusinessman 主语 表语 2 Henry abusinessman receivedamillionpoundbanknote 主语 同位语 宾语 Hisjobisimportant Whathedoesisimportant Thisishisjob Thisiswhathedoeseveryday 主语 表语 主语从句 表语从句 什么是名词性从句 NounClauses Idon tlikehisjob Idon tlikewhathedoeseveryday Idon tknowabouttheman Mr White Idon tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher 宾语 同位语 宾语从句 同位语从句 在英语的句子结构中 本来该由 充当的主语 宾语 表语和同位语 现在由 来充当 这个句子就叫名词性从句 名词性从句 主语从句 TheSubjectClause 宾语从句 TheObjectClause 表语从句 ThePredicativeClause 同位语从句 TheAppositiveClause 什么是名词性从句 NounClauses 一个句子 名词 名词性从句 1 宾语从句 一 宾语从句 共性问题1 2 Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin I lltellyouwhyIaskedyoutocome Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus Idon tcarewhomarrieshim 观察 1 宾语从句可充当谁的宾语 2 连接词的分类和作用 宾语从句 TheObjectClause 宾语从句在复合句中起 作用 可以作的宾语 也可以作的宾语 宾语从句必须用 语序 引导宾语从句的连词有that if whether 连接代词有who whom which whose等 连接副词有when where how why等 宾语 陈述 动词 介词 连接词 一that宾语从句1 Oliverbelieves that amancouldsurviveamonthinLondon 2I mafraid that Idon tquitefollowyou sir 3 Idon tthink that it sveryfunny 4 Myunclesaid that hewouldcomeandthathewouldalsobringhisson 5 Weallagree that itwouldbeconvenienttogotherebybus 1 归纳总结 that在引导宾语从句时无词义 也不充当任何成分 且通常可以省略 但如果含有两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句时 通常只有第一个从句的that可以省略 其余从句的that一般不能省略 由连接代词who whom whose what which引导的宾语从句 Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened Heaskedwhosepurseitwas Doyouknowwho whomHenryisspeakingto Q 这些连接代词在宾语从句中充当什么成分 主语 定语 宾语 由连接副词when where how why等引导的宾语从句 PleasetellmewhenJodyWilliamswontheNobelPeacePrize HewantedtoknowwhereIhadspentmyholiday WillyoutellmehowIcankeepfitandhealthy Doyouknowwhyhewaslate Q 这些连接代词在宾语从句中充当什么成分 状语 归纳总结 连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句 连接词都在从句中充当一定的成分 当whether后紧跟ornot时 不用if e g Idon tknowwhetherIwillstayornot 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if e g IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo e g Ihaven tdecidedwhethertogothere whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 但是以下情况不用if 宾语从句 whether if 意为 是否 特殊 Theteacherhadmadeitclearthatwhoeverbreakstherulewouldbepunished 老师已经说得很清楚 任何违反规定的人都要被惩罚 find feel consider make think it adj that宾从 形式宾语 宾补 真正宾语 时态 a 他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的 Hebelieves b 请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么 Pleasetellme hisdreamwillcometruesomeday 1 如果主句时态是现在时 从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态 whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday 一 宾语从句 时态 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备 Hetoldme 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的 Theteachertoldus hewaspreparingfortheexamination lighttravelsinastraightline 2 如果主句谓语是过去时 从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态 但从句表达的是客观真理 自然规律等时 从句谓语通常用一般现在时 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序是陈述语序 即 连接词 主语 谓语 其它成分 Doexercises Ididn tknow 你们当时在聊什么 这本书是谁的 她明天是否要来 她住哪里 Idon tknowwhat sthematter Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere Exploration 但是 从句为What sthematter What swrong What shappening who what作主语时 从句是感叹句 从句的语序不变 1 Theshockingnewsmademerealize terribleproblemswewouldface 北京2011 A whatB howC thatD why What n 主 谓 n a an adj nadj Uadj pl 复数 否定的转移 动词think consider suppose猜想 believe expect guess imagine等词 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上 从句谓语用肯定式 Idon tsupposehecares Hedoesn tthinkwewillcome doeshe doeshe 此时 否定只看主句 与从句无关 1 她坚持要把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美 2他命令关闭所有的大门 3 我建议他应该更努力学习 4 老师要求我们和睦相处 Sheinsistedthatshe should organizethetripproperly Hecommandedthatallthegates should beshut Isuggestedthathe should studyharder Theteacherrequeststhat we should getalongwellwitheachother 3 总结归纳 在一些表示坚持 命令 建议 要求等意义的动词后 that宾语从句中谓语常用 should 动词原形 表示虚拟 1 坚持 insist2 命令 order command3 建议 suggest propose advise4 要求 desire demand require request 老师要求所有作业要在放学前交上去 Theteacherdesiredthatalltheexercisesshouldbehandedinbeforeschoolwasover SheaskedTom wasthematterwithhiscar 2 Willyoutellme Icankeephealthy 3 Thisdependson themoneywehaveisenough 4 Couldyoutellme Marrylives what where whether how 牛刀小试 2 Wehaven tdiscussedyet wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture 2010课标全国卷 A thatB whichC whatD where 3 Beforethesalesstart Imakealistof mykidswillneedforthecomingseason 山东2010 A whyB whatC howD which 4 Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears Nooneintheofficeknew shewassoangry 湖南2010 A whereB whetherC thatD why 5 Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyon hegoeswith whetherhisfriendsorrelatives 四川2010 A whatB whoC howD why 表语从句 思考 表语从句充当什么成分 放在什么词后面 引导词有哪些 基本上与宾语从句的引导词相同 连系动词seem look之后还可用 1 Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim 2 That sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime 3 Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry 4 That swhyIwaslate 4 ThetroubleisthatIlosthisaddress 二 表语从句 asthough asif 连接词 when where why how because that whether asif asthough if不引导表语从句 连接代词 who whom whose which what 连接副词 由关系副词引导的表语从句 关系副词when where how why除在句子起作用外 在从句中还充当 或状语 本身具有词义 连接 时间 地点 方式 原因 例如 Goandgetyourcoat It syouleftit where 去把雨衣拿来 就在你原来放的地方 Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella That swhyIgotwetthrough 我们既没伞也没雨衣 这是我们淋湿的原因 Yousee I mpoorinmaths youarenotgoodatEnglish and That sweshouldhelpeachother A whenB whereC howD what 表语从句注意点 1 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序 语序 That swhyIwaslate 2 引导词that无实际意义 但不能省略 e g ThetroubleisthatIhavelostheraddress 3 表语从句只能用whether 而不能用if引导 e g Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim 表语从句注意点 4 当主语是reason时 表语从句用that 不用because 要用Thereason isthat Thereasonforsth isthat Thereason why 句子 isthat 或This it that isbecause 等句型 e g Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill 例如 今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多 1 Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisbecausethattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad 2 Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisthattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad 3 Hewaslatethismorning Thatwasbecausetherewasalotoftrafficontheroad 虚拟语气在 在宾语从句中 谓语 建议 suggest advice propose 要求 demand request require ask命令 order command坚持 insiste g Isuggestthatyou should bethereontime 虚拟语气在在表语从句中 主语 建议 suggestion advice要求 requirement demand命令 order command e g Oursuggestionisthatyou should bethereontime 试区分以下句子 Isthismuseumwhatyouvisited Isthisthemuseumthatyouvisited Isthismuseumtheonethatyouvisited 表从 定从 定从 回顾与练习 b 表语从句d 介词后的宾语从句e whethertodo做动词宾语f 与ornot连在一起引导宾语从句时 一 if和whether的选用 宾语与表语从句中不能使用if的情况 1 Iaskedher shehadabike 2 We reworriedabout heissafe 3 Idon tknow ornotheiswell 4 Thequestionis heshoulddoit 5 Ihaven tdecided togothere if whether whether whether whether whether Exercise1if whether Hesaidthetextwasveryimportantandweshouldlearnitbyheart 2 Myworryisthathecangetthereontime 3 Thereasonwhyhefailedwasbecausehehadn tstudiedhard 4 Whatweneedaretime 5 Herearetwobooks Youcantakewhateveryouwant is that whether that whichever Exercises 改错 用宾语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子 1 老师说月亮绕着地球转 Theteachersaid that themoongoesaroundtheearth 2 他们都在担心是否能按时到达那里 Theyareallworryingaboutwhethertheycangetthereontime 3 我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务是很重要的 Ithinkitisimportantforthemtofinishtheirowntaskontime 4 问题是这本书是否有读的价值 Thequestioniswhetherthebookisworthreading 5 我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来 Idon tknowwhyTomdidn tcomethismorning 6 我的意见是你不应单独前往 Myopinionisthatyoushouldnotgoalone 7 那是因为他没有理解我 That sbecausehedidn tunderstandme Thereasonisthathedidnotunderstandme 8 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发 Mysuggestionisthatwe should startearlytomorrowmorning 1 Hetoldme hewouldgotocollegethenextyear 2 Idon tknow therewillbeabus 3 Ireallydon tknow youshoulddependonifyoudon tdependonyourparents 用适当的词填空 使下列宾语从句和表语从句意思完整 that 不填 if whether whom who 4 Hedidn ttellme hewouldcomebackfromShanghainexttime 5 Letmeknow trainyou llbearrivingon 6 Canyouworkout muchwewillspendduringthetrip 7 Makesure therearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin when which how that 8 Wethinkitnecessary wetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday 9 Tomisverylazy Thatis hedidn tpasstheexam 10 Thisis wefoundthestrangetrees 11 Myideais weshouldalldoourbesttodoeverythingwell that why where how that 12 Itlooked hehadunderstoodthisquestion 13 ThereasonwhyIwassadwas hedidn tunderstandme 14 Hisfirstquestionwas Mr Smithhadarrivedornot 15 Weallfinditimportant we should makeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter that asif that whether Theroadiscoveredwithsnow Ican tunderstand theyinsistongoingonmotor bike 04 Theotherday mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed 04 why what 关联词的选择 that 4 Alongwiththeletterwashispromise hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristma