学术英语UnitTEXTBvocabulary

,chemotherapy,histotherapy组织疗法radiotherapy放疗physiotherapy理疗psychotherapy心理疗法pharmacotherapy药物疗法phytotherapy植物治疗法、本草疗法hydrotherapy水疗法,chem-:chemistry化学chemical 化学的 chemist 化学家biochemistry 生物化学immunohistochemistry 免疫组织化学,Oncology,onc/o: 肿瘤 tumor oncogenesis瘤形成 oncogene肿瘤基因 oncogen致肿瘤物（质） oncovirus 肿瘤病毒,她的初步结论本周在芝加哥举行的美国临床肿瘤学协会会议上得到展示并证实她是正确的。,Herpreliminaryresults,presentedthis weekat a meeting of theAmerican SocietyofClinicalOncologyinChicago, suggestsheisright.,Entrain,Entrain 1. vi （生理节奏等）成同步；诱导； 引时（心率）eg: .,the study of how peoples brains entrain as they interact,. 人们交流时大脑同步状态的研究 2.teach to get or put into a train （使）上火车eg:The soldiers (were) entrained as soon as they had come off the ship.士兵们一下船就被送上了火车。entrains 内脏，肺腑 entrainer 夹带剂entrainment 导引，复律，输送,entrain,1,表示“置于之中”、“登上”、“使上”,2,表示“用来做某事”、“饰以”、“配以”,3,表示“使成某种状态”、“致使”、“使之如”、“作成”,en-,entrain, enthrone, enplane,entrap, enchain, enlace,endanger, encircle, enrage,contagion,con(共同) + tag(接触) +ionn. 意为传染 感染 传播 接触传染 接触传染性，接触传染病 接触传染源，歪风。,近义词 infection transmission semantic contagion 语义扩散The contagion of mirth 笑的感染Racial hatred is a contagion,天花由接触传染而蔓延。,Smallpox spreads by contagion.,种族间的嫉恨是一种不良的风气。,Orchestration,orchestration:kistrein,-ke-n.管弦乐编曲;编配；精心的安排，协调的配合,orc k n. 虎鲸；乐队Orchestra kstr n.管弦乐队；乐队演奏处Orchestral adj. 管弦乐的；管弦乐队的Orchestrate kstretvt.把编成管弦乐曲;精心安排, 把协调地结合起来;vi.编管弦乐曲orchestratorn. 管弦乐演奏家；管弦乐编曲家,merge,vt. 合并；使合并；吞没 vi. 汇合；融合 merge into融入；结合 merge with；与结合；与联合 merge together混合起来,这些河流在一个重要的灌溉系统的北部汇合了。,The rivers merge just north of a vital irrigation system.,他像变色龙一样，可以不引人注意地融入背景之中。,Like a chameleon, he could merge inconspicuously into the background.,他的面容融入了黑暗中。,His features merged into the darkness.,merge,v. 1.emerge浮现 e出+merg投入;沉没+e沉没的东西出现浮现 2.immerge浸入,浸没,隐没,埋头 im进入+merg沉,没+e沉进去沉入 3.submerge沉没,淹没 sub在下面+merg淹没+e淹没下去,Neuroendocrine,endo- 内(inner) crin/o: 分泌(secrete)endocardial endocrinologyendocellular crinogenic促分泌的 Endarterectomy 动脉内膜切除术 Endobronchial airway 支气管内导气管 Endo-probe 内腔探头 Endohydrolysis 内部水解 Endoscope n.临床内窥镜；内诊镜,Intermingle,Intermingle,mingle,mix,stir,blend, merge均有融合的意思。These words all refer to substances,qualities,ideas or feelings combining or being combined.,Intermingle A with B ,A and B.,Inter- 在.之间，交互 international国际的（inter+national国家的） interpersonal人与人之间的（inter+personal个人的） interpose置于，介入（inter+pose放放在二者之间） intervene干涉（inter+vene走走在二者之间干涉） Intermingle（使掺和，使混合）=inter（交互）+mingle(混合）,apprehension-apprehend,ap- 加强或者引申意义，ad-的变体，用在p前prehend 抓住“to clasp, to seize” Apprehend 理解， 忧虑，恐惧， 逮捕你担心会有困难吗？ Comprehend了解，包括Misapprehend误解， 误会Reprehend责难， 谴责 （re反反过来抓住别人的缺点）,Do you apprehend any difficulties?,hypersensitivity (to),1.hypersensitivity angiitis 超敏性血管炎 ; 变应性血管炎 ; 过敏性脉管炎2.Hypersensitivity reaction超敏反应 ; 过敏反应 ; 或超敏反应 ; 高敏性反应,Hyper:亢奋的，高度紧张的Hypercriticalhypertension过度紧张;高血压Hyperactive a.极度活跃的Hyperbolic a.夸张的Hyperacid 酸过多的Hyperopia op-sight vision; ia-disease）,对敏感,Text B,You probably know that laughter is contagious, that a baby cries when the mother is crying, and a more extreme example, that people in deep love can feel the emotions of each other even when they are physically far apart. But the question is: Can you explain thephenomena scientifically?,A video,Ron Gutman reviews a raft of(大量的) studies about smiling, and reveals some surprising results. Did you know your smile can be a predictor of how long youll live - and that a simple smile has a measurable(可测量的，重要的) effect on your overall well-being? Prepare to flex(伸缩，弯曲) a few facial muscles as you learn more about this evolutionarily contagious behavior.,A Test,embark on,Tap into,endorphin,dopamine,FMRI,longitudinal study/investigation,grand,standardized tests of well-being,likable,Mimick,Beaming smile,cortisol,adrenaline,Social neuroscience, The definition of social neuroscience The mechanism through which brain-to-brain linkworks,Social neuroscience,Social neuroscienceis an interdisciplinary field devoted to understanding howbiological systemsimplement social processes andbehavior, and to using biological concepts and methods to inform and refine theories of social processes and behavior.,社会神经科学是一门新兴的交叉学科，它的研究目标是了解社会过程和社会行为的生物学机制并且利用生物学的概念和方法来启发和完善社会过程和行为的理论。,Social neuroscience,The emotional status of our main relationships has a significant impact on our overall pattern of cardiovascular and neuroendocrine activity. This radically expands the scope of biology and neuroscience from focusing on a single body or brain to looking at the interplay between two at a time.,Mirror Neurons,Amirror neuronis aneuronthatfiresboth when an animal acts and when the animal observes the same action performed by another.不论是自己作出动作，还是看到别人作出同样的动作，镜像神经元都会放电，也许这就是我们理解他人行为的基础.镜像神经元是近来认知神经科学研究的热点。有些研究者甚至大胆地断言：镜像神经元之于心理学，犹如DNA之于生物学。,Mirror Neurons,看到别人因痛苦而扭曲的脸，是不是感到浑身发麻？瞥到对方一个细小的动作、一个一瞬即逝的表情，就能大概猜出对方的意图，这是为什么？谁赋予了我们这样的能力，心理因素、逻辑思维还是人生经验？科学家用实验揭开了真相：一切皆因镜像神经元，它就像大脑里的魔镜，能照出别人的思想、感受与动机。Do you feel numb when you see a contorted face in pain? From a glance at a small movement or a blink of an evanescent expression, you can probably guess the intentions of the other side. Why? Who has endowed us this ability? Psychological factors, logical thinking or life experience? Scientists have uncovered the truth with experiments: It is all because of mirror neurons. It is like a mirror in our brain capable of reflecting someones thoughts, feelings and motives.,Mirror Neurons,有个成语叫做“感同身受”，镜像神经元完全可以看做是这个成语的科学解释。to feel indebted as if it were received in person; to identify withWatch and Discuss: Romeo and Juliet,Mirror Neurons,本质，我们都是一群 mirror neuron群的交流与同感，东方强调共性，同感，慈悲， 两个问题: 1.mirror neuron与同情心，慈悲，佛教的关系？2.人类进化为什么比其他物种快？因为