哈工大英语词汇提高Chapter 12 Coping with Snow.doc

Building Vocabulary Skills Unit 2 Chapter 12 2012级2014年春季学期Unit 2 Chapter 12 Coping with SnowAnalysis of the Students 教学对象分析授课对象：词汇提高5班、词汇提高6班、词汇提高7班、词汇提高8班2012级在校本科生先修课程：大学英语(一)、(二)、(三)拓展课(2-2) 学生来源：机电工程学院、法学院、化工学院、经济与管理学院、航天学院、建筑学院、能源科学与工程学院、材料科学与工程学院、理学院、航天学院大学二年级，大学第四学期学生人数：102人Teaching Objectives Students will be able to: 1. be familiar with interesting words related to snow;2. develop the students ability to acquire new words by different contexts; 3. reinforce the memory of the ten words through the feedback exercises: matching test and three checks;4. gain new insights into various associations and word formations, esp. the meaning of roots , prefix, and suffix listed as the key words in this chapter. Time Allotment & Teaching ContentsSection 1Warm-up activities5 minutesSection 2Studentsinvolvement activities15 minutesSection 3Explanation and Practice around affixations in Chapter 12, further development for ROOT / PREFIX / SUFFIX information25 minutesSection 4Feed Back Exercises5 minutes Chapter 12anti-bi-en-.em-graph-, graminter-lessphonpost-spectsub-Additional words 12 antisocialantipathyenjoyembodyinterruptwearilesssymphonypostdaterespectsubmissionTeaching Procedure1. Warm-up Activity (5 minutes) Guessing game on words and idioms around snow. Ask students to say these first, then show them in the form of ppt. in class. 2. Studentsinvolvement activities(15 minutes) The students do multiple choice and translation of sample sentences in turn around 10 affixes in Chapter 12 , at the same time teacher may help them to explain some new words or useful expressions. 3. Interactive Word Study in Context: (25 minutes) Aim: applying the theory of lexicology in class; give the students very clear clues of certain words and their meanings; teach the students how to learn English vocabulary and train them skills of how to memorize the new words.Teaching Steps:(1) perform the activities interactively based on guessing the meaning of the 10 words in context, try to make class lively;(2) apply the theory of lexicology to sense relations in the ten words, T may explain and enlarge something important. Skills of Vocabulary Learningantonyms in context synonyms in context common sense (general knowledge)cultural information create word power on words from example sentence X collocationrelated forms word formation on roots and affixation phrases and expressions from example sentence synonym discrimination1. anti-: a prefix meaning: a. against, opposed to: antislavery, anti-fan反明星族 b. rival or spurious: antipope对立教皇 c. opposite of: antihero非英雄主角, 反英雄 d. not: antisocial, antiwar e. placed opposite: antipole反对极, 正相反之物, antimonsoon反季风 f. moving in a reverse direction: anticyclone气象学反气旋；高气压。 g. preventive or curative : antipyretic -adj. 退热的 -n. 退热剂 用法: anti- is usually hyphened用连字号连接 before root words beginning with a vowel and before proper nouns and adjectives: anti-imperialistic, anti-British, anti-Semitic反闪族，反犹太人的，反犹太主义 前缀anti-表示“反对，相反”加在名词、形容词上，表示“反对、对抗、逆、防、耐、消、去”等意义。其词干往往是防、抗的对象。Ant-用于元音和气音h前.antiwar a.反战的（anti+war 战争）antipathy n.反感（anti+pathy 感情）antithesis n.对立；反论（anti+thesis 论文；观点）antibacterial a. 抗菌的（anti+bacterial 细菌的）antibody n.抗体（anti+body 身体）antarctic a.南极的, 南极地带的anthracite n.无烟煤antisocial a. 反社会的；危害社会安宁的；违反公益的；不喜欢社交的Playing music so loud that it annoys everyone else in the street is antisocial. 音乐演奏的声音过大，使街上其他人受干扰，这是有碍社会安宁的。其他例句1. Playing these games can lead to anti-social behavior.玩这类游戏会引发反社会行为。2. Sometimesgossipisnotenoughtoreduceoreliminateantisocialbehavior. 有时候流言不足以减少或消除反社会行为。3.InEnglishwehavebeencallingsuchunluckyorantisocialentitiespariahsforabout200years在英语中，我们把这类不幸的、反社会的群体叫做帕利亚已有大约200年历史。4.ButBoerinsiststhattheadministrationhaslearnedfrompastmistakesandisnotplanningtohousetheantisocial together.但保尔称管理者已经吸取了过去的教训，并且不会将反社会者安置在一起。5. Throughouttheworld,developedanddeveloping,antisocialbehaviorisessentiallymale.纵观全世界各个国家，有反社会行为倾向的主要是男性。antipathy n.憎恶, 反感 (anti-反+path-情感+y 憎恶, 反感 )His extreme antipathy to dispute caused him to avoided argumentative discussions with his friends.他极度厌恶争吵的天性使他避免和朋友们展开整变形的讨论。其他例句1. Shed often spoken of her antipathy towards London.她常提及她对伦敦的反感。2. AntipathytowardWallStreetcouldalsobeafactor.国会对华尔街的反感也可能是一个因素。3. Thisantipathyisnotlostonchinaslocalgovernments.这种反感对中国当地政府并不是没起作用。4. ThisantipathyshouldworrytheChinesegovernment.面对这种反感，中国政府应当忧心。5. Butthereareotherpossibleexplanationsforthisfeministantipathytowardsreligion.但是女权主义者对宗教的反感也可能有其他的解释。2. bi-: a prefix meaning: a. two: bilingual, bicycle, bilateral 双边的bipinnate 植物；植物学 (复叶)二回羽状的，两羽状的。bilingual 双语种的（bi+lingu 语言+al双语的） b. twice: biannual一年两次的 c. having two: biped a. 二足的。 n. 二足动物。 d. once every two: biweekly, bimonthly e. doubly: 植、动二的，二重的 前缀di- 表示“两个，双”dichromatic a.两色的（di+chrom 颜色+atic两色的）dioxide n.二氧化物（di+ox 氧ide二氧化物）dilemma n.进退两难（di+lemma 争论二种争论进退两难）dichotomize vt. 分成二，对分（dicho=di+tom 切割+ize切成二分） 表示“使变成，分开，离开”dilate v.膨胀，扩大（di+late 放分开放扩大）dilute v.冲淡，稀释(di+lute 冲洗冲洗开冲淡)digest v.消化；文摘（di+gest 带带下去消化经过消化后的精华摘）diminish v.减少；消失（di+mini 小+ish变小，减少）digress v.离题（di+gress 走走开离题）divide v.分开（di+vide 分开分开）divorce v.离婚（di+vorce=vert 转从丈夫身边转开离婚；参考：divert 转 开）父，祖词根du, dub, doub=two,表示“二，双”dual a. 二重的，二元的（du+al)duality n. 二重的性（dual+ity)duel n.决斗（du+el=bell 斗二个人斗决斗）dubious a. 半信半疑的（dub+ious_二种状态不肯定，怀疑的）indubitable a. 无可置疑的（in 不+dubitable 可怀疑的）doubt n. 怀疑（doubt 二二种状态怀疑）doubtful a. 可疑的，怀疑的（doubt+ful)duplicate v. 加倍；复制（du+pic 重复+atc重复第二份复制）duplicity n. 二心；口是心非（du+plic 重复+ity二种重复状态二心）duplex a. 二重的；二倍的(du+plex 重叠二重的）double a. 翻倍前缀amphi-表示“两个，两种”amphibian 两栖动物（amphi+bi 生命+an两个生命两栖动物）amphicar 水陆两用车（amphi+car 车两用车）marriage customs in the west:gam=marriage，表示“婚姻” ；医 婚配, 性, 两性交合monogamy n. one man one wifebigamy n. The criminal offense of marrying one person while still legally married to another 重婚罪 endogamy n. 内部通婚（endo 内部+gam+y）misogamy n.厌恶结婚（miso 恨，厌恶+gam+y） polygamy n. the condition of having more than two spouses simultaneously一夫多妻制, 多配偶制 polygyny n. more than one wife. 一夫多妻制polyandry n. more than one husband.一妻多夫制3. en-, em: a prefix meaning:a. (to put before a verb) in, into, come to the inside of sth: enclose 围起，圈起，包围，围绕, embed把.埋入 b. in or into: engulfc. to put in or put on: encircle, enthrone使登基，立为王；【宗教】使就任主教；给予最高地位；崇拜；尊崇。d. to cause to be; make: enslave, endanger, enlarge em- before b, p, and sometimes m 词根em-,en- 表示“进入之中，包围”embrace vt .拥抱（em+brace 胳膊进入怀抱）embed a.安置；嵌于（em+bed 范围；床进入范围安置）empathy a.感情相融的（em+pathy 感情进入感情）embarrass v.使难堪（em+barrass 套子进入套子难堪）embattle v.整军备战（em+battle 战斗）enroll v.注册，记入名册（en+roll 名单）encage v.关入笼中（en+cage 笼子）enchain v.束缚（en+chain 锁链） 表示“使进入状态”empower vt.授权（em+power 权力）准许；使能够；使控制局势embitter v.使痛苦（em+bitter 痛苦的）embody vt.体现（em+body 身体精神进入身体体现）embellish v.装饰（em+bell 美好ish进入美好装饰）emboss v.使凸出（em+boss 凸出使凸出）empyreal a.天空的（em+pyre 火+al进入火、太阳天空的）enact v.制定；颁布（en+act 行动进入行动颁布法令）enchant v.使迷醉（en+chant 咒语被咒语所迷醉）encompass v.包围，围绕（en+compass 包围）endanger v.使危险（en+danger 危险）encourage vt.鼓励（en+courage 勇气使人进入勇气鼓励）enlighten vt.启发，开导（en+ligh 光en给人光明启发）enjoy vt. 欢喜，享受 （en-进入+joy快乐，喜悦享受） Everyone in China enjoys free medical care.在中国每个人都享受公费医疗。其他例句 1. I must say I am really enjoying myself at the moment.我得说此刻我感到非常愉快。2. I enjoyed playing cricket. 我喜欢打板球。3. The average German will enjoy 40 days paid holiday this year.今年，德国人将平均享受40天的带薪假期。4. He enjoys a reputation for honesty. 他出了名地老实。5. Theymightenjoyeachothersrealityshows.他们也许会欣赏彼此各国的社会传真节目。embody vt.具体表现，编入This book embodies the works of many young writers. 此书收录了许多年轻作家的作品。其他例句1. Googletoolsembodythenewwaysofworking.谷歌的工具体现了新的工作方式。2. Tome,theyembodythebestofWallStreet.对我来说，他们体现了华尔街的最佳品质。3. WhatactionsdoIneedtotaketofullyembodythispart?我需要采取什么样的行动来充分体现这种转变？4. AlongtheOmo,cattleandgoatsembodywealthandprestige.在奥莫地区，牛和羊是财富和地位的体现。5. Itsnotacomplicatedgame,anditdoesntembodyanyclevernewtechnology. 它并不复杂，也没包含任何最新游戏科技。4. -graph, -gram: a combining form meaning: a. drawn or written: monograph专题著作论文,专论b. an instrument that writes or records: photograph照片phonograph留声机，唱机。 telegraph电报,电报机 telegram电报后缀graph,gram=write,表示“写，图”biography n. 传记（文学）(bio 生命+graph+y写生命传记）biographer n.传记作家（biography+er)epigraph n.文前题词（epi 在旁边+graph在旁边写的字题词）autograph n.亲笔字（auto 自己+graph自己写的字亲笔字）monograph n.专题论文（mono 一个+graph讨论一个问题的论文专题论文）photograph n. 相片（photo 光+graph用光写相片）lexicography n. 辞典编纂（lexico 词，词曲+graphy)topography n. 地形学（topo 地方，场所+graph 写+y写地方地形学）telegraph n. 电报（tele 远+graph从远方写来电报）stenographer n.速记员（steno 狭小+graph 写+er缩小了写速记）dictograph n. 侦听器（dicto 说+graph把说的写下侦听器）epigram n. 警句，格言（epi 在后面+gram在书后写格言）epigrammatic a. 警句的；简洁的（epigram+atic)program n. 计划；提纲；程序（pro 在前+gram在前面写好计划；提纲）gramophone n.留声机（gram+o+phone 声音写下声音留声机）grammar n. 语法，文法（gram+mar写的规则语法）diagram n. 图解，图表（dia 交叉+gram交叉画图）cryptogram n .密码（crypto 秘密+gram秘密写密码）seismogram n. 地震图（seismo 地震+gram)WORDMEANINGTYPICAL Example cartographer(literally, “map writer”) person skilled in cartography, the science or art of map making Ancient cartographers did not know of the existence of the Western Hemispheregraphicwritten or told in a clear, lifelike manner; vividThe reporters graphic description made us feel that we were present at the sceneelectrocardiogram“writing” or tracing made by an electrocardiograph, an instrument that records the amount of electricity the heart muscles produce during the heartbeatAfter reading Mrs. Hales electrocardiogram, the physician assured her that her heart was working properly.anagramWord or phrase formed from another by transposing the letters “Moat” is an anagram for “atom”monogram(literally, “one letter ”) persons initials首字母 interwoven交织(交叉, 织进, 使.混杂, 组合) or combined into one designSome of Dads handkerchiefs are embroidered with his monogram. Ex: choose one word from above, and fill it in the blank.1. Modern _s use aerial photography as an aid in map making.2. “Reform” is a(an)_ for “former”.3. There is a(an) _account of the 1666 Great Fire of London in Samuel Pepys DIARY.4. I knew it was Annabels stationery because her _was on it.5. The patients physicians cannot be certain that he has suffered a heart attack until they have studied his_.Key:1. cartographer制图者 2. anagram颠倒字母所成的词3. graphic生动的 4. monogram由姓与名的第一个字母编制而成的图案5. electrocardiogram心电图5. inter-: a prefix meaning: a. between or among: intercollegiate b. mutually or together: intercept c. between or among (members of) a group: international, interscholastic学校之间的 interscholastic athletics (中等学校的)校际比赛前缀inter-表示“在之间，相互”intercept vt.拦截，拦住；截球；截击；拦阻n.（数学）截距；截击，拦截；截听；拦截者international a.国际的（inter+national 国家的）interpersonal a.人与人之间的（inter+personal 个人的）interpose vt.置于，介入（inter+pose 放放在二者之间）intersect vt.横断（inter+sect 切割 在中间切横断）intervene vt.干涉（inter+vene 走走在二者之间干涉）interaction n.相互影响（inter+action 行动相互行动影响）interchangeable -adj.可互换的（inter+changeable 可改变的）interject vt.（突然）插入，插话；打断 interlude n.（活动间的）休息（inter+lude 玩在中间玩活动间休息）,插曲；穿插；幕间节目；乐间奏interrelate -vt.相互关连（inter+relate 关连）WORDMEANINGTYPICAL Example interurban between cities or towns The only way to get to the next town is by automobile or taxi; there is no interurban bus. intercept(literally, “catch between”) stop or seize on the way from one place to another.We gained possession of the ball when Russ intercepted a forward ersect(literally, “cut between”)cut by passing through or across; divide; cross Broadway intersects Seventh Avenue at Time Square. interludeAnything filling the time between two events; interval.Between World War II and the Korean War, there was a five year interlude of peace. intermediarygo-between, mediator For his role as intermediary in helping to end the Russo-Japanese War, Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize. Ex: choose one word from above, and fill it in the blank.1. A warning signal must be posted wherever railroad tracks _a highway.2. Though he has been asked repeated to be an _in the labor dispute, the mayor so far has refused to intercede仲裁.3. Radio stations sometimes offer a brief _of music between the end of one program and the start of another.4. A special task force is trying to _ the enemy column advancing on the capital city.5. Construction funds have been voted for a four-lane _highway linking the three cities.Key:1. intersect横穿 2. intermediary中间人，调停者3. interlude介于中间的事件4. intercept中途截取5. interurban都市城镇间的interrupt v. 打断(正在说话或动作的人), 中断, 妨碍, 插嘴 (inter-中断+rupt断,破打断，中断）Dont interrupt me when Im reading.我在看书时别来打岔。其他例句 1. He tried to speak, but she interrupted him.他想说话，但被她打断了。2. The match took nearly three hours and was interrupted at times by rain. 比赛进行了将近3个小时，几次因雨而暂停。3. Taller plants interrupt the views from the house.稍高些的植物遮挡了房内的视线。4. Itsnotpolitetointerruptaspeaker. 打断人的谈话是不礼貌的。5. Onceyoulearntoacceptoffers,thenaccidentscannolongerinterrupttheaction.一旦你学会接受任何状况，那么突发事件就不再会打扰到你的行动了。6. -less: a suffix meaning:a. without: homeless, hopelessb. failure or inability to perform or be performed: resistless, countless.后缀-less 表形容词,“无的,不的”spineless a 没有骨气的（spine 脊骨）nerveless a 无勇气的（nerve 勇气；神经）feckless a 无目标无计划的（feck 效果）fathomless a 深不可测的（fathom 测水深的单位）hapless a 不幸的（hap 幸运）relentless a 无情的（relent 宽厚）effortless a 不费力的（effort 努力）flawless a 无瑕疵的（flaw 缺点）tireless a 不倦的（tire 疲倦）colorless -a 无色的（color 颜色）homeless -a 无家可归的（home 家）weariless不疲倦的,不厌烦的 She is a weariless defender of freedom of the press. 她是一个不屈不挠的新闻自由的捍卫者。其他例句 He is awearilessdefender of freedom of the press. 他是一个不屈不挠的新闻自由的捍卫者7. -phon: a suffix meaning sound. megaphone; telephone, microphone -phon=sound,表示“声音”aerophone n.空中探音机, 管乐器cacophony n. 刺耳的声音（caco 刺耳，坏+phony)euphony n. 好听的声音（eu 好+phony 声音）euphonious a. 声音悦耳的（euphony+ous)gramophone n.留声机interphone n. 对讲机megaphone n.扩音器microphone n. 麦克风（micro 小+phone小声音变大声音）symphony n. 交响乐（sym 共同+phony所有乐器一起响交响乐）phonetics n. 语音学（phon+etics 学科）phonograph n. 留声机（phono+graph 写写下声音留声机）telephone n.电话, 电话机symphony 交响乐, 交响曲 (sym-相同，共同+ phon声，音+y 交响乐, 交响曲 ） Dr. David Hofman has written a variety of symphony, chamber, choral and piano works in the last 12 years.再过去的12年间，大卫、霍夫曼博士写了多种音乐作品，有交响乐、室内乐、合唱曲和钢琴曲。其他例句1. Winterfindspalmtreesdustedwithsnowinasurrealsymphony.冬季的时候，棕榈树与纷飞的雪奏响一曲超现实的交响乐。2. NextseasonitevenplanstoperformaSchumannsymphony.奥菲斯甚至计划在下一季度演奏舒曼的交响曲。3. Includesnewscoresforbackgroundmusic-somedonebyLondonsymphonyjustforapple.新的背景音乐-有些是伦敦交响乐团专为苹果录制的。4. MichaelJordanwasntthere,butisscheduledtobeattheceremonyatsymphonyhall.迈克尔乔丹没有到场，但他按计划将出席在交响乐大厅举办的纪念仪式。5.TheypaidfortoursbytheBostonsymphonyorchestraandabstractexpressionistartexhibitions.他们支付了波士顿交响乐团和抽象派艺术展览的巡回费用。8. post-: a prefix meaning: a. after or later than: postgraduate, postwar. b. behind: postnasal. 前缀post=behind 表示“在后面”postwar a.战后的（post+war 战争）postpone vt.推迟（post+phone 放放到后面推迟）postgraduate a.大学毕业后的（post+graduate 毕业）postface n.刊后语（post+face 脸；前面后面的脸刊后语）posterior n.较后的（posterity 表名词后面的人子孙）posterior a.以后的（post+erior 表形容词，如：infeior低下的）posterity n. 后代，子孙（poster+ity后面的人后代）postern n. 后门、后门的preposterous a. 荒谬的，不合理的（pre 前面+poster+ous前面后导致荒谬的） 表示“邮件，邮政” postage n.邮资（post+age 钱；状态）postoffice n. 邮局（post+office 办公室）postcard n.明信片（post+card 卡片）postal a.邮政的（post+al） postdate vt. 填迟.的日期 (post-在后、后+date日期填迟.的日期）She postdated her day of birth in order to get the permission to take the examination.为了取得考试的资格，她把出生日期天后了。其他例句1. Hesentusapostdatecheque.他寄给我们一张填迟日期的支票。2. HischequebepostdatetoJune.他的支票日期填迟到了六月份。3. ItisextremelyunlikelythatthesestoriespostdateChristianity.这些故事是比基督教更古老的。4.Luckily,sheletmepostdatethechequeuntiltheendofthemonth,soIwonthavetopaythemoneyuntilIgetmysalary.很幸运，她让我将支票上的日期填为月底，这样我就可以等拿了工资再付钱了。5.Postgraduatepostdatepost-readingherparentsmademanysacrificessothatshecouldgotouniversity.她父母为她上大学在多方面做了牺牲。9. spect: the root which is related to eyes n. 医 single photon emission computed tomography，单光子发射计算机断层 检查；分散观测词根spect, spic= look, see,表示“看”aspect n.样子，容貌；方面（a 加强意义+spect看的东西外表，容貌）circumspect a. 慎重的（circum 周围+spect看周围小心的）circumspection n. 慎重；细心expect vt. 期待，盼望（ex 出+spect看出去期待）expectation n. 期待，希望（expect+ation)inspect vt. 检查；视察（in 内+spect看进去视察）inspection n. 视察；认真看（inspect+ion)perspective n. 看法；眼界；透视(per 全部+spect+ive全部看到透视，看法) prospect n. 展望，前景（pro 向前+spect向前看展望）prospective a. 将来的（prospect 前景+ive)prospectus n. 计划书；大纲（pro+spect+us向前看的东西大纲）respect vt./n. 尊敬（re 再+spect再看一眼尊敬）respectable a. 可敬的（respect+able)respectful a. 充满敬意的（respect+ful)respective a. 各自的（re 回+spect+ive回头看自己各自的）retrospect vt. 回顾，回想（retro 向后+spect 看向后看回顾）retrospective a. 回顾的；怀旧的suspect vt. 怀疑（sus 下面+spect在下面看怀疑）spectrum: n. 谱，范围suspicion n. 怀疑（sus+spic+ion在下面看怀疑）suspicious