(优能)高中语法串讲非谓语动词.ppt

非谓语动词 郭国栋 考点分析 31 with复合结构 36 过去分词作宾补 72 不定式作宾语 74 动名词作主语 72 过去分词作状语 73 动名词作主语 2007 2008 2009 2010 非谓语动词常考点 1 ing 复合结构 todo作主语 2 ing todo作宾语 3 ing todo作补语 4 ing todo作定语 5 ing todo作状语 6 独立主格结构 ing 复合结构 作主语 1 ing做主语置于句首 谓语动词用单数 e g Beinginvitedtothepartywasagreathonortothefamily 获得奖学金 gaveMartinthechancetogotoacollegeinoneofthenorthernstates win Winningascholarship ing如何变否定形式 2009湖北74 不会用 acomputermakesitmoredifficultforhimtodohisacademicresearch use Notbeingabletouse Beingunabletouse Notknowinghowtouse 2 Itisnouse gooddoingsth 句型 e g Isitanygoodtryingtoexplain 3 therebe句型中用 ing形式 e g Thereisnopointinpersuadingher 4 ing的复合结构 his Tom sdoing e g Tom scominghomeatlastwasagreatcomforttohisparents 2010湖北73 todo做主语 e g Itiseasiertospendmoneythantomakemoney Toloveforthesakeofbeinglovedishuman buttoloveforthesakeoflovingisangelic Itisbettertolovesomeoneyoucan thavethantohavesomeoneyoucan tlove 因为被爱而爱 是人之常情 因为爱而爱 则难能可贵 1 汤姆拒绝接受 theinvitationmademeupset accept Tom srefusingtoaccept 2 她没有参加 myweddingdisappointedme attend Hernotattending 3 It snouse 哭泣 spiltmilk cry cryingover 练习 覆水难收 ThatTomrefusedtoaccept Thatshedidn tattend 4 Thereisnopoint 与他争论 argue arguingwithhim 5 毋庸置疑 thefactthatheisright deny Thereisnodenying ing todo做宾语 1 下列动词只能接todo作宾语 decide determine learn want expect hope wish refuse manage care pretend offer promise choose plan agree ask beg help 口诀 决心学会想一想 拒绝设法愿假装 主动答应选计划 同意请求帮一帮 e g ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby 2 下列动词只能接 ing作宾语 consider suggest advise lookforwardto excuse pardon admit delay putoff fancy avoid miss keep on practice deny finish enjoy appreciate forbid imagine risk can thelp mind allow permit escape 口诀 考虑建议盼原谅 承认推迟没得想 避免错过继续练 否认完成就欣赏 禁止想象才冒险 不禁介意准逃亡 e g Thethiefwassoluckythatitjust 没有被抓到 bythepolice miss missedbeingcaught Hetoldmethathedidn tmind 我用他的电脑 forawhile use myusinghiscomputer 3 下列动词既可以接 ing 也可以接todo作宾语 但意义不同 forget remember regret stop try mean goon can thelp e g Inmostcases customerscan thelp 被说服购买 thingstheyactuallydonotneed persuade beingpersuadedtobuy Ididn tmean 伤害你 Diana butIdid andIhavebeenfeelingupsetaboutit hurt tohurtyou 4 todo在介词but otherthan后面时 如介词前有do 则不定式不带to 否则要带to e g Wecoulddonothingbut otherthanwait Hehadnochoicebuttowait 口诀 前有do不用to 前无do要用to 1 Theyoungmanisconsidering 买房 beforethepricesgoup buy buyingahouse 2 Ifoundithard 解决这个难题 insuchashorttime solve tosolvethedifficultproblem 3 IfIhadremembered 关窗户 thethiefwouldn thavegotin close toclosethewindows 练习 4 Hehasalwaysregretted 没有更努力学习 atschool study notstudying havingstudiedharder 5 Henarrowlyescaped 轧着了 run beingrunover 6 AfteralongdelayIfinallygotroundto 调查此事 look lookingintothematter 介词 7 Theflowersaredyingand 需要浇水 need needwatering 8 Noonewouldhavedreamedof 有这么一个好地方 there therebeingsuchagoodplace 9 Idon twant 有任何误会 onthispoint there theretobeanymisunderstanding tobewatered 小结 1 某些动词后只能接 ing或todo作宾语 2 某些动词后接 ing或todo作宾语时意义不同 3 注意介词 短语 后接动名词 4 want need require demand等动词后可接动名词主动表被动 也可接动词不定式被动式 5 注意therebe的变化形式 ing todo做补语 1 ing与todo作宾补的区别 IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday IheardhersinganEnglishjustnow IheardanEnglishsongbeingsungbyalittlegirlwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday 主动 正在进行 主动 完成 被动 正在进行 归纳 感官动词see watch observe lookat hear listento notice等后面的宾补有两种情况 2 使役动词have get接三种形式的宾补 have getsb do have getsb sth doing have getsth done e g Whomwouldyouratherhavegowithyou Iwanttohavemyhaircut 练一练 Thecar 我请人修过的 brokedownagain have repair that Ihadrepaired that Ihadhadrepaired 3 ing todo作宾补小窍门 下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语 但在被动语态中要加上to 吾看三室两厅一感觉 5看 3使 2听 1感觉 lookat see watch notice observe make let have listento hear feel e g Someonewasheardtocomeupthestairs 1 Theladylookeddownatherneckandfound 项链不见了 miss hernecklacemissing 2 It swrongofyouto 让机器一直运转 allthetime leave leavethemachinerunning 3 Theguestsleft 大部分饭菜未动 becausetheydidn ttastedelicious untouch mostofthedishesuntouched 练习 4 Themanagerleft 我去完成 alltherestwork finish metofinish 5 I ll 请人修自行车 tomorrow repair have getmybikerepaired 6 Allowme 干杯 ourfriendship drink todrink atoast to 7 ADreamofRedChamber 据说已译成 dozensofforeignlanguagesinthelastdecade translate issaidtohavebeentranslatedinto 小结 1 感官动词后接不带to的不定式作宾补 变被动时应加上to 2 have get leave后宾补的形式根据宾语与宾补的关系来确定 3 不定式做主补句型 sb besaid believed known reported considered 不定式 fallingleavesfallenleavestheboilingwatertheboiledwaterdevelopingcountriesdevelopedcountriesacarvedfigureadividedcountryafloodedstreetaploughedfield 分词作定语 单个分词作定语放在修饰词前 e g Iknowtheboystandingunderthetalltree Iknowtheboywhoisstandingunderthetalltree Theapartmentsbeingbuiltarefortheteachers Theapartmentsthat whicharebeingbuiltarefortheteachers MostoftheartistsinvitedtothePartywerefromEurope MostoftheartistswhowereinvitedtothePartywerefromEurope 分词作后置定语相当于一个定语从句 不定式作定语 e g Manypoorpeoplehavenohousestolivein 1 不及物动词的不定式作定语后面须有相应介词 2 不定式主动和被动语态作定语含义不同 Haveyougotanythingtosend Haveyougotanythingtobesent 3 不定式表将来 与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系 e g Thebiketobeboughtisforhisbrother 4 被only last next 序数词 最高级修饰的名词与不定式构成主谓关系 e g Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave 5 不定式修饰的词是抽象名词 构成同位关系 e g Shegotachancetogoabroad 1 Thefarmerdiscoveredinthegroundapot 里面装有32 000枚中国钱币 contain containing32 000Chinesementalcoins 2 Thelargestcollection 在英国发现的 wasoneofabout200 000silverpennies find foundinEngland 3 Theissue 正在讨论的 isofgreatimportance discuss beingdiscussed 练习 whichis 4 Theproject 完工 bytheendof2012 willexpandthecity stelephonenetworktocoveronemillionusers complete tobecompleted 5 Ihavenopartner 练习英语口语 speak tospeakoralEnglishwith 6 Thepilotwastheonlyperson 在空难中幸存 survive tosurvivetheaircrash 小结 1 分词作后置定语相当于一个定语从句 2 不定式做定语与所修饰的名词有三种关系 动宾关系 主谓关系 同位关系 分词作状语 e g Hearingthebadnews shecouldn thelpcrying Beingaleader hehastosetusagoodexample Theboy sparentswerekilledintheaccident leavinghimanorphan 下列句子有什么问题吗 Lookingoutofthewindow therearelotsofpeopleinthestreet Lookingoutofthewindow Isawlotsofpeopleinthestreet Beingapopfan JayChouisherfavorite Beingapopfan shelikesJayChoumost Afterdoingmyhomework thedogwasfed Afterdoingmyhomework Ifedthedog 注意 分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致 否则句子逻辑有问题 分词作状语可变成状语从句 e g Givenmoretime Iwilldoitbetter IfIamgivenmoretime Iwilldoitbetter Destroyedbytheearthquake thehousehadtoberebuilt Becausethehousewasdestroyedbytheearthquake thehousehadtoberebuilt 现在分词还是过去分词 主谓关系 现在分词 动宾关系 过去分词 分词的完成式与否定式 e g Havingwaitedinthequeueforhalfanhour theyoungmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthecheckinthecar Notknowingheraddress Ican tsendthisbooktohim 不定式作状语 e g Toacquireknowledge onemuststudy buttoacquirewisdom onemustobserve 目的状语 Heworkedveryhard onlytofindhehadnotfinishedhalfofthejob 表示意外或事与愿违的结果 结果状语 1 走在田野里 onaMarchafternoon hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring walk Walkinginthefields 2 Theteachercameintotheclassroom 后面跟着一群学生 follow followedbyagroupofstudents 3 被告诉了多次 hestillmadethesamemistake tell Havingbeentoldmanytimes 练习 4 没有收到答复 hewroteanapplicationtothecompanyagain receive Nothavingreceivedthereply 5 Wehurriedtotherailwaystation 结果却发现 thetrainhadjustleft find onlytofind 小结 1 主谓关系 现在分词 2 动宾关系 过去分词 3 分词动作发生在句子动作之前 完成式 4 否定式 not加在分词或不定式之前 非谓语动词的独立主格结构 1 动词 ing形式的独立主格结构 Springcoming thefieldisverygreen Whenspringcomes Manyeyeswatchinghim hefeltabitnervous Asmanyeyeswerewatchinghim Weatherpermitting wewillhaveapicnicnextweek Ifweatherpermits Theboylayonthegrass hiseyeslookingatthesky andhiseyeswerelookingatthesky 2 动词 ed形式的独立主格结构 Thetaskcompleted hehadtwomonths leave Whenthetaskhadbeencompleted ThebookwritteninsingleEnglish Englishbeginnersareabletoreadit AsthebookiswritteninsingleEnglish 3 动词不定式的独立主格结构 Hisgirlfriendtocometonight heisbusypreparingthedinner Ashisgirlfriendistocometonight Manytrees flowers andgrasstobeplanted ournew builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful Ifmanytrees flowers andgrassareplanted 动词 ing ed形式与不定式独立主格结构的区别 Themanagerlooksworried manythingstosettle 事情还没有处理 而且是由经理本人来处理 Themanagerlooksrelaxed manythingssettled 事情处理好了 表示动作已经结束 Thefoodbeingcooked thegirlwassinging 女孩一边做饭 一边唱歌 两个动作同时进行 Thefoodcooked thegirlwenttobed 饭做好了 女孩去睡了 两个动作有先后 小结 动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生 动词 ing表示动作正在进行 动词 ed表示动作已经结束 口诀 一去 二看 三改 一去 去连词 二看 看主语 三改 改分词 e g Ifsuchisthecase youshouldapologizetoher Suchbeingthecase youshouldapologizetoher 状语从句如何变成独立主格结构 1 钱全花光后 hestartedhuntingforjobs spend Allthemoneyhavingbeenspent 2 谁都无话可说了 thediscussionwasover say Nobodyhavinganymoretosay 3 这么多人缺席 themeetinghadtobeputoff absent Somanypeoplebeingabsent 练习 Withallthemoneyspent with的复合结构 Fatherfellasleepwithallthelightson Icouldn tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoisegoingon Wi