BOOK8-Unit-1-Grammar[名词性从句].ppt

Grammar TheNounClauses 名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 NounClauses 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组 它在复合句中能担任主语 宾语 表语 同位语 介词宾语等 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能 名词从句又可分别称为主语从句 SubjectClause 宾语从句 ObjectClause 表语从句 PredicativeClause 和同位语从句 AppositiveClause Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 SubjectClause 主语从句 ObjectClause 宾语从句 NounclausePredicativeClause 表语从句 AppositiveClause 同为语从句 主语从句一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句 e g Thattheearthisroundistrue Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion Whatyouaredoingseemsverydifficult Whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet 引导主语从句的连词that是不能省略的 Thattheearthisroundistrue Thatyouhavetoleaveisapity That 从句作主语通常用it作先行词 而将that 从句置于句末 例如 Itistruethattheearthisround It sapitythatyouhavetoleave 你非走不可真是件憾事 Attention 2 表示 是否 意义时 一般用whether而不用if引导主语从句 Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion 3 可用形式主语it代替主语从句 eg Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhentheywillstart 用it作形式主语的that 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系 It be 形容词 that 从句Itisnecessarythat 有必要 Itisimportantthat 重要的是 Itisobviousthat 很明显 b It be ed分词 that 从句Itissaidthat 据说 Itisreportedthat 据报道 Itisbelievedthat 人们相信 Itisknowntoallthat 众所周知 Ithasbeendecidedthat 已决定 Itissuggested recommendedthat 据建议 Itisrequired demandedthat 据要求 c It be 名词 that 从句Itisawonderthat 令人惊奇的是 Itisasurprisethat 令人惊讶的是 Itisafactthat 事实是 Itisapitythat 遗憾的是 d It 不及物动词 that 分句Itappears seemsthat 似乎 Ithappensthat 碰巧 Itoccurredtomethat 我突然想起 Itdoesn tmatterwhether how 是否 怎样 不重要 没关系 1 youdon tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness A WhatB WhoC ThatD Whether 2 hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent A WhatB ThatC ThefactD Thematter 练一练 what与that在引导主语从句时的区别 what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分 如主语 宾语 表语 而that则不然 它在句子中只起连接作用 没有意义 但也不能省略 1 Whatyousaidyesterdayisright 2 Thattheearthgoesaroundthesuniswell knowntoeverybody Whatever和whoever引导主语从句或宾语从句 通常在从句中作主语或宾语 whatever anythingthat whoever anyonewho AsfarasI mconcerned whateverhesaysisright Ibelievewhateverhesays Whoeverwantstoenterhisofficemustknockatthedoorfirst Pleasegivetheticketstowhoeverwantstogotothemovie 主语从句 宾语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 3 leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights A AnyoneB ThepersonC WhoeverD Who4 thesportsmeetwillbehelddependsontheweather A WheneverB IfC WhetherD That 5 isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage A ThereB ThisC ThatD It 6 Whenandwhyhecamehere yet A isnotknownB arenotknownC hasnotknownD havenotbee7 AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth ourastronautsdesiretodoistowalkinspace A whereB whatC thatD how8 ItworriedMaryalot shewouldpassthecollegeentranceexamination A whetherB whatC thatD how 宾语从句一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句 e g Doyouknowwhereheis I mglad that youhavepassedtheexam Idon tknowwhether if youarewillingtohelpme I msorryforwhatIhavesaid 我为我说的话表示歉意 Attention 1 由连接词that引导宾语从句时 that在句中不担任任何成分 在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去 但如果从句是并列宾语从句时 第二个分句前的that不可省 Shesaid that shewenttothepartyandthatshedidn treturnhomeuntilmidnight 2 下列宾语从句必须用whether引导 不可用if 1 从句后有ornot时 不可用if Idon tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot 2 介词宾语通常用whether引导 不可用if Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot 这要看他是否会来 3 后接动词不定式时 Canyoutellmewhethertogoorstay 你能否告诉我是去还是留 3 用who whom which whose what when where why how whoever whatever whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句 应注意句子语序要用陈述语序 Doyouknowwhereheis comesfrom Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou 我想知道他告诉了你什么 Shewondershowshecanworkwell 她想知道怎样才能把工作做好 Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport 凡需要帮助的人 她都会给予热情的支持 4 think believe imagine suppose等动词引起的否定意义的宾语从句中 要把从句中的否定形式转移到主句谓语中 从句用肯定式 例如 我认为绿色不适合你Idon tthinkgreensuitsyou 我相信他不会这样做 Idon tbelievehewilldoso 我想他再也不会相信你了Idon tsupposehewillbelieveyou 我想如果天下雨 他就不会来了 Idon timaginehewillcomeifitrains 表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句 表语从句放在连系动词后 如 be动词 有时用asif引导 其基本结构为 主语 be that what when why where how whether从句 e g TheproblemisthatIamshortofmoney Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe Thequestionishowwecangetthere Theproblemiswhetherwecanraisesomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain 看上去天要下雨了 That swhereyourproblemlies That swhyyoucan tmakeprogressinEnglish Attention1 表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制 2 表语从句不用if引导 要用whether 3 主语是reason时 表语从句用that 不用because引导 Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill 4 当主语是表示 建议 要求 命令 的词 如advice suggestion demand request order command等时 表语从句的谓语动词常用 should 动词原形 should可以省略 Myadvice suggestion recommendationisthatyou should thinkitoverbeforeyoumakeadecision Mydemandisthatyou should makeanapologytomeimmediately Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon 上海2001年春季招生 A whenB howC whetherD why IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek Isthat youhadafewdaysoff NMET1999 A whyB whatC whenD where3 shecouldn tunderstandwas fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons A What whyB That whyC What becauseD Why that 4 Goandgetyourcoat It s youleftit A whereB thereC herewhereD wherethere5 Whytheexplosionoccurredwas thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless A forB becauseC sinceD that6 Thecityisnolonger A whatitisB thatitusedtobeC whichitwasD whatitusedtobe7 Theproblemis hehasenoughtime A ifB whetherC D that 同位语从句同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句 所以它总是跟在某一名词后面 不是所有的名词都可以跟同为语从句 常可以被同为语从句修饰的名词有 advice suggestion order fact news idea promise problem question belief doubt possibility chance等 同位语从句的连接词主要有 that whether why who where when how等 that whether在同位语从句中不做成分 that无实际意义 whether表是否 其他连词具有实际意义 同时在同为语从句中做一定的成分 1 Thenewsthatourteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly 2 Givemeyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening 3 Wehaveproofthatthemanisguilty 4 Ihavenoideawhyshequitherpresentjob 5 ThereisnodoubtthattheislandbelongstoChina 6 ThereissomedoubtwhethertheislandbelongstoPhillipine 7 Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration Attention在suggestion advice request requirement demand order等表示 建议 命令 要求 的名词后 同为语从句中的谓语动词用 should 动词原形 should可省略 Ourteachergaveussomeadvicehowwe should usethecomputer Ordercamethatallthesehouses should bepulleddowninamonth Hissuggestionthatstudents should learnsomethingpracticalisveryreasonable Heasked foraviolin MET1992 A didIpayhowmuchB IpaidhowmuchC howmuchdidIpayD howmuchIpaid2 Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild heorshewants NMET1997 A howeverB whateverC whicheverD whenever3 LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster hehaddonethedaybefore A thatB howC whatD where 4 Theoldmansmiledwhenhesawhowpretty uptobeduringthepastfewyears A hadhisdaughtergrownB wouldhisdaughtergrowC hisdaughterwouldgrowD hisdaughterhadgrown5 HaveyouseenMarylately Mybosswantst