Chapter-3---American-Romanticism----Irving--Cooper解读.ppt

Chapter3AmericanRomanticismIrvingCooper exit continue I HistoricalBackground II GeneralIntroductiontoRomanticism III BritishRomanticism IV AmericanRomanticism V WashingtonIrving VIJamesFenimoreCooper exit continue I HistoricalBackgroundPolitical AfterAmericanRevolution Americadevelopedintoapolitical economicandculturalindependence Democracyandequalitybecametheidealsofthenewnation Completechangescameaboutinthepoliticallifeofthecountry 2 Economic Industrialismspreadwidelyandfast Alargenumberofimmigrantsarrived Alltheseproducedaneconomicboom 3 Boththechangeinpoliticalandtheeconomicdevelopmentbroughtaboutasenseofoptimismandhope 4 Culturally Magazinesappearedinever increasingnumbersandtheyplayedanimportantroleinfacilitatingliteraryexpansion 5 ForeigninfluenceaddedincentivetothegrowthofromanticisminAmerica exit continue II GeneralIntroductiontoRomanticisma Romanticismisacomplexartistic literary andintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinthesecondhalfofthe18thcenturyinWesternEurope andgainedstrengthduringtheIndustrialRevolution b ItwaspartlyarevoltagainstaristocraticsocialandpoliticalnormsoftheAgeofEnlightenmentandareactionagainstthescientificrationalizationofnature andwasembodiedmoststronglyinthevisualarts music andliterature exit continue Themovementstresseda strongemotionasasourceofaestheticexperience placingnewemphasisonsuchemotionsastrepidation horrorandawe especiallythatwhichisexperiencedinconfrontingthesublimityofuntamednatureanditspicturesquequalities bothnewaestheticcategories b Itelevatedfolkartandcustomtosomethingnoble c Itarguedfora natural epistemologyofhumanactivitiesasconditionedbynatureintheformoflanguage customandusage exit continue III BritishRomanticismItprevailedinEnglandduringtheperiod 1798 1832 TherearetwoschoolsofRomanticists a passiveorescapistThesewritersprotestedagainstcapitalistdevelopmentbyturningtothefeudalpast turningtonatureforprotection Wordsworth Coleridge Southey b active Theyheldoutanidealofafuturesocietyfreefromoppressionandexploitation Byron Shelly Keats 2 Theirwritingsarefilledwithstrong willedheroes terribleevents tragicsituation powerfulconflictingpassionandexoticevents Sometimestheyresorttosymbolicmethods andpaygreatattentiontospiritualandemotionallifeofman Natureoftenpersonified alsoplaysanimportantrole Thecreativeimaginationoccupiedthecenterofromanticviewsofarts exit continue IV AmericanRomanticism ThemostimportantperiodinthehistoryofAmericanliterature Time Itstretchesfromtheendofthe18thcenturythroughouttheoutbreakoftheCivilWar2 FeaturesofAmericanRomanticisma Imitative SomeoftheAmericanRomanticwritingsweremodeledonEnglishandEuropeanworks TheRomanticMovementprovedtobeadecisiveinfluence Withoutit theriseofRomanticismwouldhavebeenimpossible RomanticismwriterssuchasScott Coleridge Wordsworth ByronallmadeastimulatingimpactonAmericanliterature exit continue b Independent Fromtheverybeginning AmericanRomanticismexhibiteddistinctfeaturesofitsown ItoriginatedfromamixtureoffactorswhichwerealtogetherAmericanratherthananythingelse AmericanRomanticismwasinessencetheexpressionofarealnewexperienceandcontained analienquality E g theAmericannationalexperienceofpioneeringintothewestisarichfundofmaterialforAmericanwriters ItistheseRomanticismwritersthatcreatedanindigenousAmericanliterature c PuritaninfluenceoverAmericanRomanticismwasclearlynoticeable E g theauthortendedmoretomoralizethanwritersinEngland exit continue 3 Twophases a 1770sto1830sEarlyperiodRepresentatives WashingtonIrving JamesFenimoreCooperb 1830sto1860sLateperiodsummitofAmericanliteratureRepresentatives Emerson Thoreau Hawthorne Melville Whitman Dickinson Poeetc exit continue V WashingtonIrving1 Lifea bornintoawealthyNewYorkmerchantfamily b learnedlawbutmoreinterestedinwritingc In1809 hisfirstbookAHistoryofNewYork writtenunderthenameofDiedrichKnickerbocker wasagreatsuccessandwonhimwidepopularity d In1815 hewenttoEnglandtotakecareofhisfamilybusinessthere andwhenitfailed hadtowritetosupporthimself e WiththepublicationofTheSketchBook hewonameasureofinternationalrecognition f In1826 asanAmericandiplomaticattach hewassenttoSpain wherehegatheredmaterialforhiswriting g From1829to1832 hewassecretaryoftheU SLegationinLondon h Thenwhenhewasfifty hereturnedtoAmericaandbought Sunnyside hisfamoushome Therehespenttherestofhislife livingalifeofleisureandcomfort exceptforaperiodoffouryears 1842 1846 whenhewasMinistertoSpain exit continue 2 worksAHistoryofNewYorkfromtheBeginningoftheWorldtotheEndoftheDutchDynasty1809 纽约外史 b TheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon Gent1819 1820 见闻札记 c LifeofGeorgeWashington1855 1859 华盛顿传 exit continue 3 TheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon Gent1819 1820 见闻札记 TheSketchBookisacollectionofessays sketches andtales b InTheSketchBook themostfamousandfrequentlyanthologizedare RipVanWinkle 瑞普 凡 温克 TheLegendofSleepyHollow 睡谷的传说 c TheshortstoryasagenreinAmericanliteraturebeganwithTheSketchBook d ThebooktouchedtheAmericanimaginationandforeshadowedthecomingofHawthorne Melville andPoe e ItalsomarkedthebeginningofAmericanRomanticisms exit continue 4 ThestyleofWashingtonIrvinga Irvingwrotetoamuseandentertain b Heisgoodatenvelopinghisstoriesinanatmospherec Hischaractersarevividandtruesothattheytendtolingerinthemindofthereader d Thehumorissuchthatreadinghim itisdifficultnottosmile e Hislanguageisfinishedandmusical 5 TheevaluationofIrvinga FatherofAmericanliterature b FatheroftheAmericanshortstory c ThefirstAmericanwritherofimaginativeliteraturetogaininternationalfame exit continue VIJamesFenimoreCooper1 Lifea borninarichfamilyofNewJerseyb At14 attendedYalebutexpelledc spentfiveyearsatsead inheritedhisfather svastfortunethenlivedacomfortablelifee begantowritenovelsbecauseonedayhewasdisgustedbyonenovelandchallengedbyhiswife 2 worksa TheSpy 间谍 b LeatherstockingTales 皮袜子故事集 exit continue 3 LeatherstockingTales Itisaseriesoffivenovelsaboutthefrontierlife ThePioneer 拓荒者 TheLastofMohicans 最后的莫希干人 ThePrairie 大草原 ThePathfinder 探路者 TheDeerslaye