综合英语第四册Unit 3 Gender Differences.ppt

Unit3GenderDifferences Biologicaldifferencesthatdistinguishmenandwomenaredeterminedatbirth Femaleshavetwosimilarsex determiningchromosomes XX whilemaleshavetwodissimilarsex determiningchromosomes XY Tosomeextent biologicaldifferencesaffectphysicalbehavioranddevelopment Scanthedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen Thenworkingroupstodecidewhetherthecharacteristicsaremen sorwomen saccordingtotheinformationyouget Doyouknowthat Clickthepicturetogettheanswer suffermoreillnesseshaveahigherrateofcolorblindnesshavealargerbrainaremorelikelytohaveaheartattackhavemorefearslivelongerlikediamondshapesmissmorework WearecalledtheoppositesexbecausewhateverIwanttodo youalwayswanttodotheopposite Dailylife TheDifferences Morning Noon Afternoon Theremightbeapartyorsth Fortheparty EveningHowabouttakingashower Trait TheDifferences Masculine 阳刚的 Independent 独立的 Decisive 果断的 Male Tender 温柔的 Depend 依赖的 Obedience 顺从的 Female Child careresponsibility TheDifferences TimeForFun I mthirsty Holdon Iwillberightwithyou Excuseme it smynaptime Pay 200fora 100itemneeded Pay 100fora 200itemaren tneeded Worriesaboutthefutureuntilgetstheotherone Neverworriesaboutthefutureuntilgetstheotherone Onewhomakesmoremoneythantheothercanspend Theonewhohasthelastwordinanyargument TheonewhosaysAnythingafterthatisthebeginningofanewargument Onewhocanfindsuchaperson Personality Tobehappywithaman youmustunderstandhimalotandlovehimlittle Tobehappywithawoman youmustloveheralotandnottrytounderstandheratall ManandWoman Awomanmarriesamanexpectinghewillchange buthedoesn t Amanmarriesawomanexpectingthatshewon tchange andshedoes Womenlovecats Mensaytheylovecats butwhenwomenaren tlooking menkickcats Awomanknowsallaboutherchildren bestfriends favoritefoods secretfearsandhopesanddreams Amanisvaguelyawareofsomeshortpeoplelivinginthehouse GenderDifferences Genderdifferencesisatermusedtorefertobothbiologicalandsocialcharacteristicsthatdistinguishmenandwomen Thesocialcharacteristicsincludesuchthingsasdifferencesinfamilyresponsibilities occupationalroles acceptablebehaviorandotherculturallylearnedactivitiesandtraits TheancientChineselabeledfemaleandmaleasYinandYang AsktheboystudentstolistadjectivesasmanyaspossibletodescribeYinqualitiesandthegirlstudentsYangqualities Conventionalviewsonfeminineandmasculinequalities careful considerate cautious obedient dependent delicate gentle passive sensitive tender sympathetic soft shy tolerant timid weak Yin Neutral Yang Conventionalviewsonfeminineandmasculinequalities Yin Neutral Yang active adventurous confident competent courageous creative brave bold bright dominating persistent independent strong talented vigorous AncientChinesebelievedthatYinandYanginteractedwitheachotherandthuslybalancedtheuniverse Itisbecauseofthestrongbeliefofthisuniversallaw whichdecidesthenatureoffemaleandmale Thisinturnresultsintheprimitivegenderstereotypesfoundthroughouthistory ReadthepoembyAlfredTennyson 1809 1892 carefully Manforthefieldandwomanforthehearth 炉边 喻家庭 Manfortheswordandfortheneedleshe Manwiththeheadandwomanwiththeheart Mantocommandandwomantoobey Allelseconfusion fromThePrincess 1847 HowdoesTennysonseetherolesofmenandwomen Explainhispoeminyourownwords Youmaybeginyourexplanationwith Hispoemtellsusthatmanworksinthefieldwhilewomanshouldstayathome Man Genderstereotypes 性别刻板印象 presentaconventionallystandardizedimageconcerningthetypicalsocialrolesofmaleandfemale Genderstereotypes ManyofthetraditionalstereotypesassociatedwithwomenwerequestionedbythefeministmovementthatbeganintheWestintheearly1960s Feministsstressedthatitwasnotprimarilybiologythatdeterminedwomen srolesandstatusinsociety butsocialprejudices Itwasshownthatthewaygirlstreatedathomeandintheschoolplaysamajorroleinreinforcingstereotypes andthatiftreatedsimilarly boysandgirlshavecomparablepotentialandcanaccomplishsimilargoals EmmaWatson HeForShe Discussion 1 What Reading CenteredActivities ReadingQuestions Workinpairstoanswerthefollowingquestions Amanshouldbemasculine Heshouldbestrongandresponsibleenoughtoprotectwomen childrenandtheoldinafamilyandinthesociety Hecaresmoreabouthiscareerandsuccessthanhislooks However awomanshouldbefeminine tender considerateandsmart Sheshouldspendmoretimeonhouseholdaffairs onchildrenandtheoldathome What sthetypicalimageofaman womanintraditionalmold Sample Yes Thereisaculturebiasineducationthatfavorsboysovergirls Sometimesteachersunknowinglypreventedgirlsfromparticipatingasactivelyasboysinclassbyassigningthemdifferenttasks Forexample Inascienceclass theteacherhadthelittleboysperformthescientificexperimentwhilethegirlsweregiventhetaskofputtingthematerialsaway Isthereanygender biasineducation Ifso what sthesituation Canyougiveanexampletoillustrateit Sample Thismaydeprivegirlsofthechanceofhands onwork avitallearningexperiencethatwouldaffecttheirentirelives AnotherexampleisthatthetypicalAmericanteachersassumethatboyswilldobetterinmathandsciencesubjectswhilegirlshavebetterverbalandreadingskills Thisattitudeinteachingleadstoboys problemsinreadingandgirls lackofinterestsinscience Accordingtothelastparagraph howdoboysandgirlstreattheirschoolwork Sample Boystendtobemoreindependent analyticalororiginalintellectually Whilegirlsaremoredependentonteachersandmoreconcernedwiththeformandneatnessoftheirworkthanwithitscontent TextStructure Ithasbeenprovenrepeatedlythatthevarioustypesofbehavior emotionsandintereststhatconstitutebeingmasculineandfemininearepatternedbybothheredityandculture Introduction Para 1 Teacherscalledonmalesinclassfarmorethanonfemalestudents Para 2 Development Para 2 4 Teachersassignedboysandgirlsdifferenttasksaccordingtostereotypedgenderroles Para 3 Gender biasededucationisalsoreflectedinthetypicalAmericanteacher sassumptionthatboyswilldobetterinsciencesubjectswhilegirlstendtohavebetterverbalandreadingskills Para 4 Thereisaculturalbiasineducationthatfavorsboysovergirls Educationalbiasbeginsathomeanddevelopsatschool whichinturnreinforcesitsestablishedvaluesandturnsouteachgenderinitstraditionalandexpectedmold Conclusion Para 5 LanguagePoints gender n tittle thephysicalorsocialconditionofbeingmaleorfemale性别 强调社会性别 请完成下面的句子 Exercise shouldnotbeignoredintoday ssociety 性别不平等在当今社会是不容忽视的问题 Sometimes willresultinsomesocialproblems 有时候性别差异会导致一些社会问题的产生 genderdifferences Genderinequality 同义词比较sex line20 Para 2 n theconditionofbeingeithermaleorfemale thesetofallmaleorfemalepeople性别 男性或女性 强调生理性别 malesex 男性 Translation 请在性别一栏填代表男性的字母 M 或代表女性的字母 F Inthespacemarked sex putan M formaleoran F forfemale femalesex 女性 相关词语 masculine line4 Para 1 adj relatingtoorbeingconsideredtypicalofmen incontrasttowomen有阳刚之气的 有男子特点的 feminine line4 Para 1 adj havingqualitiesthatareconsideredtobetypicalofwomen especiallybybeinggentle delicate andpretty阴柔的 妇女 似 的 娇柔的 male Para 2 adj 男性的 雄性的n 男人 雄性动物 female Para 2 adj 女性的 雌性的n 女子 雌性动物 Exercise Thegirlisrather inappearance masculine Todaydiscrimination 歧视 against job seekersstillexists female Asweknow animalsaremoreaggressiveunderattack male 请用masculine feminine male或female填空 educationneedsmoresocialconcern Feminine constitute v Line3 Para 1 1 combinetoform makeup构成 Generally 365daysconstituteoneyear 一般情况下 一年有365天 Translation 三个台湾女孩儿 Selina Hebe和Ella 组成了流行女子演唱组 S H E ThreeTaiwangirls Selina HebeandElla constitutepopulargirlband S H E 2 formallyestablishanorganization institution government etc 设立 建立 请完成下面的句子 Exercise ChineseConsumer sAssociationisanorganization 中国消费者协会成立的宗旨是保护中国消费者的权益 TheUSFederalReserveBoard in1913 美国联邦储备委员会成立于1913年 wasconstituted constitutedtoprotectthelegalrightsofChinese consumers Overthepastfewdecades ithasbeenproveninnumerabletimesthatthevarioustypesofbehavior emotions andintereststhatconstitutebeingmasculineandfemininearepatternedbybothheredityandculture Line1 Ithasbeenproven innumerabletimes that 被 无数次 证明 译文 Example 现已证明吸烟可以引起很多疾病 Nowithasbeenproventhatsmokingcancausemanydiseases 已经无数次地证实感冒不是由于受到非常恶劣天气的影响造成的 Ithasbeenproveninnumerabletimesthatcoldsarenotcausedbybeingsubjectedtoverybadweather 宇宙在增大的说法已经被证实了 Ithasbeenproventhattheuniverseisexpanding patternn 模式 方式 图案 E g Sentencepatterns句型 livingpatterns生活方式 他以一个他钦佩的人为自己模仿的榜样 Hepatternedhimselfafteramanheadmired 他的女子气是小时候他母亲经常把他打扮成小姑娘和他常和小女孩玩耍的结果 Hisfemininityispatternedbyhismotheralwaysdressinghimlikeagirlandhisplayingwithgirlsinhischildhood Example v formthecharacter qualities etc ofoneself bycopying形成 的性格 品质 学 的样 Overthepastfewdecades ithasbeenproveninnumerabletimesthatthevarioustypesofbehavior emotions andintereststhatconstitutebeingmasculineandfemininearepatternedbybothheredityandculture Line1 在过去的几十年里 已经无数次地证实了这样一个事实 构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气的各种不同类型的行为 情感 和兴趣都既是遗传又是文化熏陶的结果 Intheprocessofgrowingup eachchildlearnshundredsofculturallypatterneddetailsofbehaviorthatbecomeincorporatedintoitsgenderidentity Line5 译文 intheprocessof在 的过程中 Example 在适应陌生人习惯的过程中 在校大学生可以学会如何应变去适应新情况 Intheprocessofadaptingtoastranger shabits undergraduatestudentscanlearnhowtochangetosuitnewconditions 在城市建设和开发的过程中 对周围环境的破坏真得不可避免吗 Isthedestructionofsurroundingsreallyunavoidableintheprocessofcitybuildinganddeveloping be becomeincorporatedinto合并成 他们已经把她的建议纳入他们的新计划中 Theyincorporatedhersuggestionsintotheirnewplan 这个小商行已经并入了一家大公司 Thesmallfirmhasbeenincorporatedintoabigcompany Example genderidentity 性别特征 Intheprocessofgrowingup eachchildlearnshundredsofculturallypatterneddetailsofbehaviorthatbecomeincorporatedintoitsgenderidentity Line5 在成长的过程中 每个孩子学会了细微的行为举止 数量之多数以百计 这一切都带有文化的烙印 成为他们性别特征的一部分 bias Line3 Para 2 n aprejudiceorpreferencethatinterfereswithafairjudgment偏见 成见 他们抱怨那份报纸报道那个事件的方式存在偏见 Theycomplainedofbiasinthewaythenewspaperreportedtheincident Translation Thatemployeeshouldbeevaluatedwithoutanybias 在评价那位员工的时候不可以存在偏见 相关词语biased line12 Para 2 adj preferringoneperson thing orideatoanotherinawaythatisunfair偏袒一方的 有偏见的 请完成下面的句子 Exercise whowashisneighbor sson 那位评委支持三号候选人 他肯定是有偏见的 因为该候选人是他邻居的儿子 IntheUnitedStates almostallthenewsmedia 在美国 几乎所有的媒体在立场上都会偏向某一个政党 arebiasedtowardsonepoliticalpartyortheother Thejudgewasbiasedinfavorofthethirdcandidate impact Line16 Para 2 n 1 on anesp strongorpowerfulinfluenceoreffectcausedorproducedbyanidea invention event etc 影响 效果 常与介词on连用 常用结构 have makeanimpacton 对 施加影响 请完成下面的句子 Exercise YangYang sgoldmedalsinthe2002OlympicWinterGames 大杨扬在2002年冬奥会上获得的金牌对于中国体育的影响是深远的 电脑和手机对现代生活的影响是巨大的 Computerandmobilephone havehad madea haveaprofoundimpactonthe Chinesesports greatimpactonmodernlife 2 theforceofoneobjecthittinganother碰撞 冲击 Translation 撞击给机器的表面造成了严重的损伤 Theimpactcausedseriousdamagetothesurfaceofthemachine 泰坦尼克号撞击冰山的致命事故本来是可以避免的 Titanic sfatalimpact 致命的 intotheicebergshouldhavebeenavoided v on esp AmEtohaveanimpact on 与on连用 对 发生影响 特别用于美国英语 subordination n Line27 Para 2 inferiority aninferiororsecondarystatus从属 次要地位 Translation 我们应该学习他总将自己的意愿服从于孩子们的幸福的做法 Weshouldlearnfromhissubordinationofhisownwishestothechildren swelfare 从某种程度上说 男尊女卑仍旧存在于社会生活的很多方面 Maledominationandfemalesubordination tosomedegree stillexistinmanyaspectsofsociallives 相关词语 subordinate 1 v to 常与to连用 使居次要地位 隶属 2 adj to 常与to连用 次要的 从属的 下级的 3 n 下属 下级 前缀sub 用法小结 sub 表示 副 分支 下级 例如 subworker副手 subeditor副编辑 subtitle 书的 副名 suboffice分办事处 subcommittee小组委员会 subagent副代理人 unknowingly adv Line2 Para 3 inawayofnotrealizingwhatoneisdoingorwhatishappening不知不觉地 很多孩子在不知不觉中成了网络游戏的牺牲品 Agreatnumberofchildrenareunknowinglybecomingthevictimsofonlinegames Translation 在不知不觉中她喜欢上了京剧 ShehasbeenunknowinglyinterestedinappreciatingBeijingOpera unknowingly的构成 know knowing unknowing unknowingly assign Line4 Para 3 v 1 givesomeoneaparticularjobormakethemresponsibleforaparticularpersonorthing分配 分派 指派 任务 请完成下面的句子 Exercise 她的工作是照顾无家可归的孩子 She lookingafterthehomelesschildren hasbeenassignedthejobof Aftercompletingthetasksuccessfully hisbrother 在成功地完成了那项任务之后 他的哥哥被分派了另外一项有挑战性的工作 wasassignedanotherchallengingjob 名词形式 assignment Couldyoutellmetoday sEnglishassignment 你能告诉我今天的英语课后作业吗 Translation Hisassignmentwastofollowthatstranger 他的任务是跟踪那个陌生人 adutyorpieceofworkthatisgiventoaparticularperson 分派的 任务 指定的 课外 作业 accordance n Line5 Para 3 inaccordancewith inawaythatfulfillsoragreeswith常用固定搭配为inaccordancewith 与 一致 按照 依据 请完成下面的句子 Exercise Hehasalreadycancelledthemeeting 根据他的上司的命令 他已经取消了那次会面 inaccordance thesportschannelofCCTVinterviewedfamousfigureskatersShenXueandZhaoHongbo 按照观众的愿望 中央电视台体育频道专访了著名花样滑冰运动员申雪和赵宏博 Inaccordancewithviewers wishes withhissuperior sorders 相关单词 accord 政府的决策应该符合人民的基本利益 Thedecisionsofthegovernmentsshouldaccordwiththefundamentalinterestsofthepeople Translation Whathesaiddoesnotaccordwithwhatactuallyhappened 他所说的并不符合事实 vi fml with tobethesame as agree符合 与 一致 常与with连用 deprive vt Line13 Para 3 固定短语 deprivesb ofsth v totakeawayfrom preventfromusingorhaving剥夺 使丧失 请完成下面的句子 Exercise Thatlawwill 那部法律将剥夺他们的最基本的权利 deprivethemoftheirmostbasicrights Duetotakingdopin thatathletehasalreadybeen 由于服用兴奋剂 那个运动员已经丧失了参加奥运会的资格 deprivedoftherighttotakepartintheOlympic Games deprivationn theactofdeprivingorstateofbeingdeprived剥夺 丧失 Insteadofbeingencouragedtodevelopintellectualcuriosityandphysicalskillsthatareusefulindealingwiththeoutsideworld asboysare girlsarefilledwithfearsoftheworldoutsidethehomeandwiththedesiretobeapprovedoffortheir goodness andobediencetorules Line9 para5 insteadofbeingencouraged的主语是主句主语girls thatareusefulindealingwiththeoutsideworld是定语从句 修饰intellectualcuriosityandphysicalskills asboysare省略了asboysareencouragedtodevelopintellectualcuriosityandphysicalskills befilledwith有两个宾语 一个是fearsoftheworldoutsidethehome另一个是desiretobeapprovedoffortheir goodness andobediencetorules tobeapprovedoffortheir goodness andobediencetorules是不定式做后置定语 修饰desire toapprovedofsth 赞成 欣赏 变成被动语态时of不可少 approvev 赞成 赞同 批准 通过 这个建议在会议上得到了福斯特先生的赞同 ThisproposalwasapprovedofbyMr Fosteratthemeeting 数月的迟疑不定后 市长办公室最终批准了建新医院的计划 Aftermonthsofindecision themayor sofficehasfinallyapprovedtheplansforanewhospital Example obediencetosb sth 名词短语 服从 遵从某人 某事 他要求下级服从他 Hedemandedobediencefromhisinferiors 奴隶们乖乖地服从他们的主人 Theslavesgave showedpassiveobediencetotheirmaster Example 孩子们对于强壮的父亲很顺从 却在操持家务的母亲面前很调皮 Childrenareobedienttoastrongfather butnaughtywithadomesticmother 女孩们不像男孩那样受到鼓励去发展求知欲和身体技能 尽管这些正是与外部世界打交道时有用的 女孩们被灌输的是对自己家外面的世界的恐惧和因优良品格和服从精神得到赞同的欲望 Insteadofbeingencouragedtodevelopintellectualcuriosityandphysicalskillsthatareusefulindealingwiththeoutsideworld asboysare girlsarefilledwithfearsoftheworldoutsidethehomeandwiththedesiretobeapprovedoffortheir goodness andobediencetorules Line9 Para5 Theselessonscarryoverfromthehometotheclassroom wheregirlsaregenerallyobservedtobemoredependentontheteacher moreconcernedwiththeformandneatnessoftheirworkthanwithitscontent andmoreanxiousaboutbeing right intheiranswersthaninbeingintellectuallyindependent analytical ororiginal Line15Para5 句中 where ororiginal 是非限制性定语从句 修饰前面主句中的名词 classroom 其中 tobemore more andmore original 是并列的主语补足语 说明人们看到的女孩的情况 译文 句型more adj than用于比较两个事物 比 更加 Example 知道如何学习比只记住一些事实或一个公式总是要重要得多 Itisalwaysmoreimportanttoknowhowtostudybyoneselfthantoremembersomefactsoraformula 我认为先找个工作干一 两年要比直接继续深造更有益 Ithinkthattakingajobforayearortwoismorebeneficialthancontinuingmyeducationdirectly carryover 使 继续下去 把 从一个范围扩大到另一个范围 文章转入下一页 Thearticlecarriesoverontothenextpage 这个习惯是从她的童年时代保留下来的 Thehabitcarriesoverfromherchildhood Example Theselessonscarryoverfromthehometotheclassroom wheregirlsaregenerallyobservedtobemoredependentontheteacher moreconcernedwiththeformandneatnessoftheirworkthanwithitscontent andmoreanxiousaboutbeing right intheiranswersthaninbeingintellectuallyindependent analytical ororiginal 这类教诲从家庭一直延续到课堂 于是 在课堂里我们常常可以看到女孩们更依赖教师 更注重作业的形式和整洁而非内容 更在乎她们所给的答案是否 正确 而不在乎智力方面的独立自主以及分析能力或创造能力的提高 genderidentity Thereisaculturebiasineducationthatfavorsboysovergirls Thecultureprovidesdifferentimagesandadultmodelsforboysandgirls 性别特征 教育中存在着一种男孩比女孩更受偏爱的文化倾向 文化为男孩和女孩提供了不同的形象和成年人榜样 developmorepositiveattitude opentheirdoorsto 形成更积极的态度 向 敞开大门 Fromnurseryschooltopostgraduatecourses teacherscallonmalesinclassfarmorethanonmalestudents 从托儿所到研究生课堂 老师请男学生发言的次数远比请女学生多 Teachersassignboysandgirlsdifferenttasksinaccordancewithstereotypedgenderroles 老师们根据根深蒂固的性别模式给女孩子布置与男孩子不同的任务 Girls whoaresuperiortoboysinmathuptotheageofnine fallbehindfromthenon 那些九岁以前在数学方面比男孩子强的女孩 此后却落后了 处理英语长句的翻译技巧拆译法 处理英语长句的翻译技巧 二 拆译法 拆译法就是将英语句子中有些成分 比如词 词组 插入成分或者从句 从句子的主干中拆分出来处理 或变成短句 或变成独立句等 这些成分可改变位置 但是要利于译文句子的总体安排 使译文自然 通顺 ThenumberofyoungpeopleintheUnitedStateswhocannotreadisincredible aboutoneinfour 单词拆译 大约四分之一的美国年轻人不具备阅读能力 这简直令人难以置信 Letusadmit andregret thathehonestlybelievesitimpossibletodifferfromhim 单词拆译 我们不得不承认 他真的相信凡与他抱不同见解的人不可能是一个正人君子 这是令人遗憾的事 Thereisatidetakenatthefloodintheaffairsnotonlyofmenbutofwomentoo whichleadsontofortune 词组拆译 人生在世 有时会走运 抓住时机 就能飞黄腾达 不但男性如此 女性也一样 Withthefearof largelyimaginary plotsagainsthisleadership hisself confidenceseemedtotallytodeserthim 由于害怕有人阴谋推翻他的领导地位 他似乎完全丧失了自信 但是所谓的阴谋在很大程度上是他自己凭空想象出来的 AfriendlycorrespondenceasneighborsandoldacquaintanceshadcontinuedbetweenmeandMrs Read sfamily whoallhadaregardformefromthetimeofmyfirstlodgingintheirhouse 从句拆译 从我第一次入住他们家开始 里德太太一家人就一直对我很关心 我们像是友好的邻居 又像是相识多年的老朋友那样 书信来往始终未断 Thisland whichoncebarredthewayofwearytravelers nowhasbecamealandforwinterandsummervacations alandofmagicandwonder 从句拆译 现在此处已经成为冬夏两季的度假胜地 风光景物 蔚为奇观 而从前 筋疲力尽的旅游者到此只得止步 Somemenhavebeenvirtuousblindly othershavespeculatedfantastically andothershavebeenshrewdtobadpurposes 单词拆译 有些人品行端正 但却不去推究为什么要这样做 有些人深思熟虑 但却流于脱离现实 有些人非常精明 但却把精明用于邪道 Nextdoor alarger than expectedaudienceof300attendedtheFifteenthInternationalConferenceonEnvironmentProtection 词组拆译 隔壁大厅里 参加 第十五届国际环境保护大会 的人数竟达300名之多 这真是出乎意料 OnbehalfofallofyourAmericanguests IwishtothankyoufortheincomparablehospitalityforwhichtheChinesepeoplearejustlyfamousthroughouttheworld 从句拆译 我谨代表所有美国客人向你们表示感谢 感谢你们无可比拟的盛情款待 中国人民以这种热情好客而闻名于世 写作实践例文 GenderInequalityinEmploymentofCollegeGraduates 相关链接 写作实践 Directions Forthispart youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic GenderInequalityinEmploymentofCollegeGraduates Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtothegiveninformationbelow 1 高校毕业生 尤其是女生 就业压力大 2 用人单位在招聘时以各种原因歧视女生 3 你对在就业中 男女不平等 的看法 GenderInequalityinEmploymentofCollegeGraduates Inrecentyears thenumberofcollegegraduatesisskyrocketing 猛涨 whilethenumberofjobvacancies 空缺 islimitedandseeminglysh