Chapter-VI--Polysemy-and-Homonymy.ppt

ChapterVIPolysemyandHomonymy TeachingContents I Polysemy 一词多义 1 Definition2 Twoapproachestopolysemy3 TwoprocessesleadingtopolysemyII Homonymy 同音 形异义 1 Definitionofhomonyms2 Typesofhomonyms3 SourceofhomonymsIII DifferentiationofhomonymsfrompolysemantsIV TheStylisticValueofPolysemyandHomonymy KeyPoints 1 DefinitionofPolysemyDiachronic SynchronicRadiation Concatenation2 DefinitionofhomonymsDefinitionandSourceofPerfect absolutehomonyms Homophones Homographs3 Differentiationofhomonymsfrompolysemants4 TheStylisticValueofHomonymy DifficultPoints 1 Radiation Concatenation2 Differentiationofhomonymsfrompolysemants Polysemy 1 Definition Polysemyisatermusedinsemanticanalysistorefertoalexicalitemwhichhasarangeofdifferentmeanings thatis onesinglewordhastwoormoresensesatthesametime ThebulkofEnglishwordsarepolysemic polysemouswordsone meaningwords monosemicwords arerareandmainlyscientifictermssuchashydrogen molecule etc 2 Twoapproachestopolysemy Diachronic 历时的 Thegrowthordevelopmentorchangeinwordmeaning Thefirstmeaningistheprimary originalmeaning 原始意义 本义 latermeaningsarecalledderivedmeanings 派生意义 prevent toanticipate primarymeaning hand terminalpartofhumanarmbeyondwrist primarymeaning Synchronic 共时的 Thecomparativevalueofindividualmeanings Theinterrelationbetweenthecentralmeaning 中心意义 andsecondarymeanings 次要意义 Thebasicmeaningofawordiscalledthecentralmeaning 中心意义 andthederivedmeaningsaresecondaryincomparison prevent tokeepfromhappening centralmeaning hand terminalpartofhumanarmbeyondwrist centralmeaning 3 Twoprocessesleadingtopolysemy Radiation 词义的 辐射 Semantically radiationistheprocessinwhichtheprimaryorcentralmeaningstandsatthecentrewhilesecondarymeaningsradiatefromitineverydirectionlikeray Allthemeaningsareindependentofoneanother butcanallbetracedbacktothecentralmeaning Takeheadforexample 1 aheadofstate2 Theheadofalist3 Toloseone shead4 Sixheadofsheep5 Useyourhead Concatenation连锁 连结 性 Concatenation linkingtogether isasemanticprocessinwhichthemeaningofawordmovesgraduallyawayfromitsfirstsensebysuccessiveshifts likethelinksofachain untilthereisnoconnectionbetweenthesensethatisfinallydevelopedandtheprimarymeaning board 木板 餐桌 会议桌 董事会candidate 穿白袍的人 穿着白袍申请职位的人 候选人 theroleofcontext 语境 II Homonymy 1 Definitionofhomonyms 同音 形异义词 Wordswhicharepronouncedalike orspelledalike orboth butdifferentinmeaningarecalledhomonyms 2 Typesofhomonyms Perfect absolutehomonyms 完全同音同形异义词 Homophones 同音异义词 Homographs 同形异义词 Ofthethreetypes homophonesconstitutethelargestnumberandaremostcommon Perfect absolutehomonyms Wordsidenticalinsoundandspellingbutdifferentinmeaning bear be 熊bear be 忍耐pupil pju pl 瞳孔pupil pju pl 小学生 pop p p 流行歌曲pop p p 砰的一声pop p p 爸爸sound saund 健全的sound saund 声音sound saund 测探sound saund 海峡 Homophones Wordsidenticalinsoundbutdifferentinspellingandmeaning sew s 缝纫 sow s 播种 dear d 亲爱的 deer d 鹿 meet mi t 遇见 mete mi t 边界 meat mi t 肉 right rait 正确的 右边的 write rait 写 wright rait 工人 rite rait 仪式 Homographs Wordsidenticalinspellingbutdifferentinsoundandmeaningtear t 眼泪 tear te 撕裂 sow s 播种 sow sau 母猪 minute minit 分钟 minute mai nju t 微小的 3 Sourceofhomonyms1 Phoneticconvergence 音变的汇合 ras ON race reis running race F race reis nation breed 2 Semanticdivergence 词义分化 flour flower thefinestpartofthewheatflower thepartofaplant oftenbeautifulandcolouredthatproducesseedsorfruitflour wheatmeal 3 Foreigninfluence Seetheexamplesin1 2 4 Shortening pop popularpop tothrust topush up III Differentiationofhomonymsfrompolysemants Polysemants onewordhavingseveralmeaningsthatderivefromthesamehistoricalsourceandbetweenwhichthereisahistoricalorrealisticrelation Indictionary allmeaningsarelistedunderthesamesinglepolysemant Homonyms wordsonlyidenticalinsoundorspellingorbothbuthavingnoconnectioninmeaningandnotderivingfromthesamehistoricalsource Indictionary Homonymsarelistedindependently IV TheStylisticValueofPolysemyandHomonymy Achievinghumour ironyandheighteneddramaticpower 1 Applicationofhomophones 1 waiter Yes sir What sthis It sbeansoup sir Nomatterwhatit sbeen Whatisitnow 2 WhyistheMiddleAgesalsocalledtheDarkAges Becausethereweresomanyknights 3 7days without7 Up makesoneweak ad of7 Up七喜饮料 2 Applicationofperfecthomonyms1 Teather reprovingly doyouknowwhathappenstoliarswhentheydie John