英语中的否定 讲义.ppt

英语中的否定一 英语中常见的否定现象1 部分否定代词或副词如all both every everybody everyday everyone everything entirely altogether absolutely wholly completely everywhere always often等与not搭配使用时 表示部分否定 意为 并非都是 不是每个都是 等 Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid butIdon tagreewith 97NMET A everythingB anythingC somethingD nothing 2 全部否定英语中表示全部否定常用no not none nobody nothing nowhere neither never等 a Wecouldn teatinarestaurantbecause ofushad moneyonus 91MET A all noB any noC none anyD noone anyb Imadeacalltomyparentsyesterday Tomydisappointment ofthemansweredit 2005福建 A eitherB noneC neitherD nobody 3 半否定表示整个句子的意思接近于否定 常用的半否定副词有 hardly scarcely barely rarely seldom only little few等 a YouandIcouldhardlyworktogether 2009湖南 A couldyouB couldn tIC couldn tweD couldweb Sally sneverseenaplayintheShanghaiGrandTheatre 2009上海 A hasn tsheB hassheC isn tsheD isshe 4 双重否定双重否定是指同一个句子中出现两个否定词 即否定之否定 双重否定句表示的意思时肯定的 通常比肯定句的语气要重 Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek Idon tthinkwe itwithoutyou 2008山东 A canmanageB couldhavemanagedC couldmanageD canhavemanaged 5 否定转移否定转移是指将think believe suppose expect fancy imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中 即主句的谓语动词用否定式 而从句的谓语动词用肯定式 Idon tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer 2001上海 A doIB don tIC willtheyD won tthey 二 通过特定词汇构成的否定 1 形容词 短语 常见有 farfrom 一点也不 freefrom 不受 影响 safefrom 免于 shortof 缺少 ignorantof 不知道 independentof 不受 的支配 impatientof 对 不耐烦 blindto 看不见 absentfrom differentfrom reluctantto deadto 对 没反应 Theartshowwas beingafailure itwasagreatsuccess 2009天津 A farfromB alongwithC nexttoD regardlessof 2 副词 短语 常见的有 muchless 更不应说 stillless 更不应说 letalone 更不应说 not atall not intheleast notabit notatall 注意与notalittle very 的区别 She stooshytoaskastrangerthetime speaktoaroomfullofpeople A stilllessB lessthanC nolessthanD moreless 3 介词 短语 常见的有 past 超过 above 超出 之外 without beyond butfor 要不是 insteadof invain 徒劳 inthedark ataloss inspiteof outof outofthequestion 不可能 anythingbut绝对不 bynomeans 绝不 nolonger onnoaccount 决不 undernocircumstance 决不 atnotime Whydoyousuggestwebuyanewmachine Becausetheoldonehasbeendamaged 2008江苏 A beyondreachB beyondrepairC beyondcontrolD beyonddescription I vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish Butbynomeans withmyprogress 2006重庆 A theteacherisnotsatisfiedB istheteachernotsatisfiedC theteacherissatisfiedD istheteachersatisfied4动词 短语 常见的有 miss 没有击中 deny 否认 lack 缺少 refuse escape resist reject decline doubt wonder fail exclude overlook neglect forbid liveupto protect from keep prevent discourage sbfromdoing turnadeafearto Marywantedtotravelaroundtheworldallbyherself butherparentsdidnot hertodoso 2006全国II卷 A forbidB allowC followD askIfthefirmsfailedtomakeenoughmoney theywould 2007湖北 A closedownB calloffC turndownD setoff三 通过特定句式构成的否定 一 下列为形式肯定 意义否定的句子 1 since 从句 谓语为延续动词 Thatwasreallyasplendidevening It syears Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch 2005安徽 A whenB thatC beforeD since2 wouldrather than prefertodo ratherthan preferdoingtodoingRatherthan onacrowdedbus healwaysprefers abicycle 95NMET A ride rideB Riding rideC ride torideD toride riding3 thelast Ntodosth 定语从句HeisthelastmanthatIwanttosee 他是我最不想见的人 She sthelastpersontodependon 她是最不可靠的人 该句式表 最不可能做某事 表极强的否定 4 too to 太 而不能 Yourbrotheristooyoungtogotoschool ishe 你弟弟太小了 还不能上学 是吗 但too前有all but quite等 或too后是ready easy eager anxious willing 等 不定式不在含有否定的意义 Heisalltoopleasedtogoadvice 他太爱给人出谋划策 二 下列为形式否定 意义肯定的句子 5 not until 直 才 Itwas hecamebackfromAfricathatyear hemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry 2009江西 A when thenB not untilC notuntil thatD only when 6 Whynot 为什么不 好的 Howaboutputtingsomepicturesintothereport Apictureisworthathousandwords 2005江苏 A Noway B Whynot C Allright D Nomatter 7 比较级的否定表最高级 ShallIgiveyouarideasyoulivesofaraway Thankyou 2005江西 A Itcouldn tbebetterB OfcourseyoucanC IfyoulikeD It suptoyou 8 Hardly when Nosooner than 一 就 DidLindaseethetrafficaccident No nosooner thanithappened 2006天津 A hadshegoneB shehadgoneC hasshegoneD shehasgone gotintotheroom thetelephonerang 98上海 A Hehardlyhad thanB Hardlyhadhe whenC Hehadnot thanD Nothadhe when 三 其他情况9 cannot cannever too 再 也不为过 Iwasridingalongthestreetandallofasudden acarcutinandknockedmedonw Youcanneverbe carefulinthestreet 2003北京春招 A muchB veryC soD too MustIturnoffthegasaftercooking Ofcourse Youcanneverbe carefulwiththat 2005江西 A enoughB tooC soD very 10 can tresist helpdoing情不自禁地 Shecan thelp thehousebecauseshe sbusymakingacake 97上海 A toclearB cleaningC cleanedD beingcleanedWhileshopping peoplesometimescan thelp intobuyingsomethingtheydon treallyneed 96上海 A topersuadeB persuadingC beingpersuadedD bepersuaded 11 对非谓语动词的否定 theprogramme theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks 2004广东 A NotcompletingB NotcompletedC NothavingcompletedD Havingnotcompleted四 英语中极易误解的否定句式1 no 比较级 的句式否定两者 HeisnotallerthanI 我和他都不高 2 not because句式意为 并不因为 才 或 没有 因为 Shedidn tdoitbecauseitwaseasy 他并不是因为这件事容易才做的 或 她没有做这件事 因为太容易了 Youshouldnotdespiseamanbecauseheispoor 你不应该因为一个人穷就看不起他 3 aswelllas与否定词连用时否定词只否定aswellas之前的部分 Ishallnotgoaswellasyou 你去 但我不去 4 not and 结构表示对两者之一的否定 并非对两者的全部否定 Thecarelessstudentcouldn tdohishome