Culture-Shock.ppt

InterculturalCommunication跨文化交流 InterculturalCommunication跨文化交流 Textbook1 李萌羽著中国海洋大学出版社 2011年11月 COMMUNICATINGINTERCULTURALLY跨文化交际教程 Textbook2 主编 李萌羽麦克 H 普罗斯高等教育出版社 即出 ICExperiencesasJourney StartingOut Thisroadleadsmetotheborder totheboundary tothebreakingpointofallIknow WillIgo WillIgrow DareIsayno ICExperiencesasJourney StartingOut Thisroadleadsmetotheborder totheboundary tothebreakingpointofallIknow WillIgo WillIgrow DareIsayno Thefocusofthiscourse DevelopingawarenessoftheICprocessesofKnowingyourself self awareness Knowingyourownculture traditional moderncontext KnowingotherculturalvariationsDevelopingInterculturalCommunicationCompetence LearningObjective学习目标 HavingagoodunderstandingofCultureShock InterculturalCommunicationCompetenceandInterculturaladaptation 更好理解文化冲击 跨文化交流能力及跨文化适应 Developingself awarenessandculturalsensitivityCultureCommunicationPerception Value Worldview StereotypeValuedimensionsUnderstandingculturaldifferencesVerbalCommunicationNon verbalCommunicationCross culturaldifferencesinsocialrelations educationandorganizationsEnhancinginterculturalcompetence InterculturalconflictmanagementCultureshockandinterculturaladaptationInterculturalcompetence Affectiveawareness Behavioral cognitive GoalsofICC跨文化交流学习目标 Openingdiscussion Haveyoueverexperiencedlivingandstudyinginanewculture Howdidyoufeelaboutit PotentialProblems 1CultureShock文化冲击 Definingcultureshock文化冲击定义Symptomsofcultureshock文化冲击症状Culturaltransitionprocess文化转变过程Fightingcultureshock反击文化冲击 UnderstandingCultureShock 1 Afishoutofwater nervous irritated uncomfortableArideonarollercoaster upsanddownsLookingatcultureshocknegatively stress fatigueandtensionLookingatcultureshockpositively alearningexperience Outofwater OutofContextI mlikeaschooledfish nervous anxiousandhelpless Water ismyculture Ineedmycontexttofeelcomfortable UnderstandingCultureShock 2 KalveroOberg aSwedishscholar coinedtheterm cultureshock 50yearsago cultureshock AdjustmenttoNewCulturalEnvironment 1960 TheoccupationaldiseaseofpeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroadDisease Apun bothanailmentwithitsownsymptomsandcureandafeelingofdis ease orunsettleduneasiness DefiningCultureShock文化冲击定义 Troublesomefeelingssuchasdepression loneliness confusion inadequacy hostility frustration andtension causedbythelossoffamiliarcuesfromthehomeculture LinellDavis 1999 ABCsofcultureshock Affectively anxiety confusion anddesiretobeelsewhereBehaviorally confusedastonormsandrulesCognitively lackcompetencetointerpretbizarrebehaviors SymptomsofCultureShock文化冲击症候 Rangingfrommildirritabilitytodeeppsychologicalpanicandcrisis Physically toomucheating drinkingorsleeping excessiveconcernaboutbedding headaches stomachaches dizziness sleepinessPsychologically depression loneliness withdrawn anger aggression hatred fear hostility homesickness glorifyingthenativecultureandemphasizingthenegativeinthenewculture AnexampleofCS sEffects American German andPolishwomenlivinginBritainweretwiceaslikelytocommitsuicideasBritishwomen thoughtherewerenosuchdifferencesinsuicideratesformen Bochner 1986 CausesofCultureShock造成文化冲击的原因 Lossofcontrol失去控制Discrepantexpectations与期望值的差异Lackofsocialsupport缺乏社会支持Insufficientsocialskills缺乏社会技能 CulturalTransitionProcess文化冲击的过程 1 honeymoonperiod 3 initialadjustment 5 acceptance integration 2 cultureshock 4 depressiontime Honeymoonperiod fascinated excited elatedCultureshock physicalandmentalfatigueandstressInitialadjustment beginningtoadjust morecomfortable willingtoventureoutMentalisolation lonely confusedidentity frustrated psychologicallyisolatedAcceptanceandintegration establisharoutine accustomed blendedcultureidentity multicultural ReverseCultureShock反向文化冲击 Re entrycultureshock reversecultureshock mayoccuruponreturningtothehomecountryifapersonhasadjustedexceptionallywelltothehostculture Cultureshock HerearesomeexcerptsfromthepostcardsofEnglishstudentsstudyinginChina Pleaseidentifytheywerewritteninwhichstageofcultureshock Cultureshock DearJoan Lifehereseemsnotsobadafterall Thepeoplearequiteniceonceyougettoknowthemalittlebetterandbegintofigureouttheirwayoflookingatthings GuessI mbeginning justbeginning toknowtheropes LovePeter Cultureshock DearMumandDad I mreallyfeelingfedupwithmylifehereandlongingforhome Gettinganythingdoneoverhereisanightmare thelocalsaresolazyandunhelpful AndontopofallthatIfeelrundownandsleepyallthetime seemtohavelostallmyzest LoveJim Cultureshock DearMichael Thisisafantasticplace Somanyinterestingthingstosee suchastheForbiddenCityandtheTempleofHeaven Evenwanderingthestreetsisadelightwithallthebustleandhordesofcyclists I mreallyhappyIcame BestwishesSimon Cultureshock DearNicky Thanksforyourletter Itwaslovelytohearfromyou I vebeenthinkingaboutyourquestionaboutwhatIfindstrangestaboutlivinginChina butthetroubleisI vebeenheresolongandhavesettledintothewayoflifesomuchthateverythingseemsperfectlyordinary So ifyouwanttofindoutyou llhavetocomeouttoseeforyourselfwithafreshpairofeyes Icanbeyourguide BestwishesPaul A RealizecultureshockisinevitableB Cultureshockarisesduetounfamiliarenvironment developasupportnetworkC Stressisduetoacutedisorientationregardingunfamiliarnormsandscripts establishcontactswithmembersofhostcultureD Intensefeelingofincompetence seekpositivementorsE Transitionalaffectivephasethatvariesinintensity maintainsenseofhumorandemphasizepositiveaspectsofenvironment Practicaltoolsformanagingcultureshock解决文化冲击的对策 Managingcultureshock Initialtips管理文化冲击小贴士 1 Increasemotivationtolearnaboutnewculture2 Keepexpectationsrealisticandincreasefamiliaritywithnewculture3 Increaselinguisticfluency understandvalueslinkedtobehaviors4 Workontoleratingambiguityandotherflexibilityattributes5 Developclosefriendsandacquaintanceshipstomanageloneliness6 Suspendethnocentricevaluationsofinterculturalbehaviors FightingCultureShock Tofacilitateadjustment onecanRecognizethatyouareexperiencingcultureshockDevelopsocialrelationshipswithpeoplefromone sowncountry withothernewcomers andwithmembersofthenewcultureMaintainabalancebetweentwoculturalpatternsofbehaviorandbeliefsMaintainyoursenseofhumorKeepbusyDosomethingyouenjoyTrynewthingsandlaughatyourerrorsBeflexible 2InterculturalCompetence跨文化交流能力 InterpersonalcompetenceNecessityofdevelopinginterculturalcompetenceDefinitionofinterculturalcompetenceModelsofinterculturaladaptationPracticalsuggestions InterculturalCommunicationCompetence跨文化交流能力 Theaffectivedimension open tolerant empathetic sympathetic情感层面Thecognitivedimension generalandspecificculturalknowledge认知层面Thebehavioraldimension flexible adaptable adventurous行为层面 3PotentialProblemsinInterculturalCommunication跨文化交流中潜在的问题 Seekingsimilarities mostofuspreferourownkindandavoidtheunfamiliarUncertaintyreduction stressandfrustrationcausedbytheexistenceofuncertaintyDiversityofcommunicationstylesStereotypingandprejudice makein groupandout groupdistinctionMisuseofpower unequalstatusandpowerofthevisitorandthehostsCultureshockEthnocentrism 4InterculturalCommunicationEffectiveness跨文化交流有效性 Interculturalcommunicationeffectivenessisnotasinglebutamultipleconstructinvolvingthemajoroutcomes jobperformance culturaladaptation andinterpersonalrelations InterculturalCommunicationEffectiveness跨文化交流有效性 Taskperformance dowellatyourjob joborcareerdimension Abilitytoadapttothenewculture everydaylifedimension Abilitytoestablishhealthyinterpersonalrelationships emotionaldimension TaskPerformance任务绩效 TechnicalandprofessionalperformanceResourcefulnessCreativityOrganizationalcommunicationManagementoftaskPerformanceevaluation Adaptability适应性 FlexibilityMaturityKnowledgeofhostcultureLanguageskillsNonjudgmentalattitudePatienceRespectforcultureOpen mindednessToleranceforambiguityAppropriatesocialbehavior InterpersonalRelationships FriendshipEmotionalcontrolSenseofhumorEmpathyTrustothersPositiverelationswithstrangersFamilyrelationsLackofethnocentrism prejudice OutcomesofAdaptation适应的效果 Psychologicalhealth feelingcomfortableinnewculturalcontextsFunctionalfitness beingabletofunctionindailylifeinmanydifferentcontexts learningnewwaysoflivingandbehavingInterculturalidentity onewhoactssituationally 5ModelsofculturalAdaptation跨文化适应模式理论 Theanxietyanduncertaintymodel焦虑和不确定管理模式TheU CurvemodelU型模式Thetransitionmodel转变模式Theflightorfightapproach飞行或战斗模式TheCommunication systemModel交流模式 Thegoalofeffectiveinterculturalcommunicationcanbereachedbyreducinganxietyandseekinginformation uncertaintyandanxietyreduction Themosteffectivecommunicatorsarethosewhoarebestabletomanageanxietyandpredictandexplainothers behaviorswithconfidence byGudykunst 1995 1998 Theanxietyanduncertaintymodel焦虑和不确定管理模式 TheU CurvemodelU型模式 Phase1 excitementandanticipationPhase2 cultureshockPhase3 adaptation bySverreLysgaard Thetransitionmodel转变模式 Cultureshockandadaptationarejustlikeanyotheradulttransition goingawaytocollege gettingmarried movingfromonepartorthecountrytoanother Allofthesetransitionexperiencessharecommoncharacteristicsandprovokethesamekindsofresponses Alltransitionexperiencesinvolvechange includingsomelossandgainfortheindividual Bennett 1998 Theflightorfightapproach飞行或战斗模式 Facedwithanunfamiliarsituation Theflightapproach Peopletendtohangback getthelayoftheland andseehowthingsworkbeforetakingtheplungeandjoiningin Thefightapproach peopletendtogetinthereandparticipate usethetrial and errormethod TheCommunication systemModel交流模式 Adaptationisaprocessofstress adjustment andgrowth Adaptationoccursthroughcommunication Communicationhasadoubleedgeinadaptation morecultureshockbutbetterandfasteradaptationThreestagesofadaptation 1 takingthingsforgranted andsurprise 2 makingsenseofnewpatterns 3 comingtounderstandnewinformation YoungYunKin 1977 1995 ADevelopmentalModelofInterculturalSensitivity Theethnocentricstages Denial denytheexistenceofdifferences Defense acknowledgeculturaldifferences butcreatespecificdefensesagainstthemfortheyareconsideredthreatening Minimization culturaldifferencesaretrivialized ordefinedasrelativelyunimportant Theethnorelativestages Acceptance culturaldifferenceisbothacknowledgedandrespected respectforbehavioraldifferencesandforvaluedifferences Adaptation skillsforrelatingtoandcommunicatingwithpeopleofotherculturesareenhanced Integration integratedisparateaspectsofone sidentityintoanewwholewhileremainingculturallymarginal byBennett PracticalSuggestions建议 Knowyourself culture attitudes communicationstyleConsiderthephysicalandhumansettings timing context customsSeektounderstanddiversemessagesystemsDevelopempathyEncouragefeedbackLearnaboutculturaladaptation Interculturalpe