《食品专业英语》课件.ppt

Lesson3 AMINOACIDS 2 FoodEnglish Contents Exercises Text Newwords Questions Homework 3 FoodEnglish 1Whichnutrientsexistinfood Protein Carbohydrate Lipids Water Vitamins MineralsDietaryfiber DF ANSWERis 4 FoodEnglish carbon 2Whichelementsincludeinprotein hydrogen oxygen nitrogen Occasionally sulphur 5 FoodEnglish Howmanykindsofaminoacidsinprotein Howmanykindsofessentialaminoacidsinprotein Theyare 20 8 1 6 FoodEnglish Newwords 1 amino 氨基的aminogroup氨基 NH2aminonitrogen氨基态氮aminoacid 7 FoodEnglish yl基acyl酰基acetyl乙酰基methyl甲基ethyl乙基propyl丙基carboxyl羧基carbonyl羰基 group基团 8 FoodEnglish EXERSICES aminoacylase氨基酰化酶peptidase肽酶carboxymethyl 羧甲基ethylalcohol乙醇tricarboxylicacidcycle 9 FoodEnglish meta 变化 代谢metabolicadj 代谢作用的 新陈代谢的metabolicrate代谢率metabolicactivity代谢能力metabolicbalance代谢平衡metaboliten 代谢 产 物metabolismn 新陈代谢metabolizev 使代谢 使同化metabolizableadj 可代谢的 10 FoodEnglish 2 Newwords precursorn 前体 先驱genusn 种类 属generapl isolatesn 种群mutantn 突变异种substraten 底物ant 终产物 endproducts 11 FoodEnglish excretevt 排泄 分泌feedback反馈feedbackinhibition反馈抑制 12 FoodEnglish 13 FoodEnglish 14 FoodEnglish Aminoacidsareproducedusingarangeoftechnologiesincludingdirectfermentation biotransformationofprecursors extractionofproteinhydrolysatesandchemicalsynthesis TEXT Thefirstparagraph 15 FoodEnglish Theyhaveavarietyofusesasnutrientsandflavoursinthefoodandfeedindustries Table1indicatestheannualdemand productionmethodsandapplicationsofaminoacidsinthefoodindustry TEXT Thefirstparagraph 16 FoodEnglish Somephrases flavourenhancer风味加强剂bakingantioxidant焙烤抗氧化剂sweetenercomponent甜味成分feedadditive食品添加剂 Thefirstparagraph 17 FoodEnglish Importantaminoacidswithnon foodapplicationsincludeL arginine L glutamine L histidine L leucine L phenylalanine L tyrosineandL valine TEXT Thefirstparagraph 18 FoodEnglish Questionforfirstparagraph Whichmethodscanbeusedtoproduceaminoacids directfermentationbiotransformationofprecursorsusingcellsorenzymesextractionofproteinhydrolysateschemicalsynthesis 19 FoodEnglish Whilefermentationorbiotransformationprocesseshavebeendevelopedforproductionofallaminoacidsexcept notalloftheseprocessesarecommerciallyviable TEXT Thesecondparagraph 在大量的生产中是可行的 20 FoodEnglish areproducedbypurificationofproteinhydrolysates TEXT purification纯化purifier纯化装置purifyv 纯化purificant净化剂 Thesecondparagraph 21 FoodEnglish Chemicalsynthesisismoreeconomicalforproductionofoptically inactiveracemicmixtureofD andL isomers TEXT optical 光学的optically inactive 无光学活性的 iso 等 同 异 P126 isomer同分异构体 Thesecondparagraph 22 FoodEnglish Processesinvolvingaminoacylaseenzymesmaybeusedtoresolvetheseracemicmixtures TEXT Thesecondparagraph 氨基酰化酶 23 FoodEnglish Inthisparagrapheachproductionmethodhadbemadeabriefintroduction Whichmethodaccordingtotextmayproducemosttypesofaminoacids fermentationorbiotransformation 24 FoodEnglish Thelastparagraph 25 FoodEnglish Becauseofcellmetabolicregulatorymechanisms particularlyend productrepressionandinhibition substantiallevelsofaminoacidsarerarelyexcretedbywild typeisolates TEXT 代谢调节机制 野生种群 终产物的阻遏和抑制 实际需要量 26 FoodEnglish Auxotrophicmutants whichlacktheenzymeneededtoformtheregulatoryeffectormetabolite oftentheendproduct mayaccumulateandexcretethemetabolicintermediatewhichisthesubstratefortheeliminatedenzyme 效应物 代谢中间物 底物 营养缺陷型突变体 27 FoodEnglish End productinhibitionbytheaminoacidproductofanunbranchedbiosyntheticpathwaymaybeavoidedbythedevelopmentofregulatorymutants havinganalteredfeedback insensitivekeyenzyme thusallowingaccumulationoftheparticularaminoacid 调节型突变体 关键酶 28 FoodEnglish Essentialaminoacids EAA 必需氨基酸Dispensable nonessential aminoacids DAA NEAA 非必需氨基酸Conditionallydispensableaminoacids条件非必需氨基酸Cysteine半胱氨酸 MethionineTyrosine酪氨酸 PhenylalanineTaurine牛磺酸 Supplements 29 FoodEnglish Indispensable essential aminoacids IDAA EAA 必需氨基酸 Isoleucine Ile异亮氨