高中状语从句重点难点归纳.ppt

连词与状语从句 RevisionofConjunctions连词 一 概念在句子中用来连接两个或两个以上的词 短语或句子的词 叫连词 二 分类按构成形式分类 简单连词 andbeforeafterbut关联连词 both andeither or not butneither nor 分词连词 consideringthat考虑到providedthat倘若providingthatsupposingthat假如复合连词 asifasthoughevenifeventhoughexceptthatinthataslongasassoonas 2 按性质特点分类 并列连词和从属连词并列连词 用来连接并列的词 短语和句子的连词 主要表示两个分句之间的并列关系 转折关系 选择关系和因果关系的连词 如 从属连词 用来引导从句 一般连接主句与从句并修饰或说明主句的连词 从属连词通常引导名词性从句和状语从句 引导名词性从句的从属连词有 whether if that where when why how becausewho what Whetherwewillcanceleveningclassesdependsonthecomingeducationpolicy Thereasonwhywewillcanceleveningclassesisthatstudents burdensareoverloaded RevisionoftheAdverbialClauses状语从句 在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句 它可以用来修饰谓语 包括非谓语动词 定语或状语 或是整个句子 九种状语从句 1 时间状语从句2 地点状语从句3 原因状语从句4 条件状语从句5 让步状语从句6 结果状语从句7 目的状语从句8 方式状语从句9 比较状语从句 九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词 1 时间状语从句 when while as before after since once everytime eachtime anytime thefirst second lasttime bythetime assoonas themoment theminute theinstant thedayimmediately directly instantly hardly scarcely when before nosooner than till until not until 一 就 九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词 where wherever because since as for nowthat inthat 因为 consideringthat seeingthat if unless as so longas onconditionthat providedthat providingthatsupposingthat 2 地点状语从句 3 原因状语从句 4 条件状语从句 九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词 6 结果状语从句 sothat so that such that sothat inorderthat incase as asif asthough than as as notso as as the 比较级 the 比较级 7 目的状语从句 8 方式状语从句 9 比较状语从句 5 让步状语从句 although though as eventhough evenif while 虽然 nomatter which what when where who how whichever wherever whatever whoever whenever however whether or 用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句 并指出是哪种状语从句 1 Childassheis sheknowsalotofthings 2 ThemoreIcandofortheclass thehappierI llbe 3 Hetalksasif asthough heknewallaboutit 4 Heissuchagoodteacherthatthestudentsloveandrespecthim 5 Ishallgototheparkunlessitrains 6 NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain 让步 比较 方式 结果 条件 时间 7 Wherethereiswater thereislife 8 Hestudiedhardsothathecouldcatchupwithhisclassmates 9 Sinceyouareverybusy Iwon ttroubleyou 10 Evenif though Ifail I llneverloseheart 11 Onceyoubeginthework youmustcontinue 12 Althoughthesunwasshining itwasn tverywarm 用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句 并指出是哪种状语从句 地点 目的 原因 让步 时间 让步 考点与难点归纳 1 状语从句连词的含义及用法比较 2 nomatterwh 与wh ever引导的从句的区别 3 状语从句的时态问题 4 状语从句倒装及省略问题 5 状语从句与其它从句区别 考点与难点归纳 when可用来引导时间状语从句 意为 当 的时候 从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的 也可以是终止性的 如 Whenthefilmended theywentback WhenIlivedthere IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays 2 When常用于下列句式 when为并列连词意为 就在这时 wasdoingsomething whenwasabouttodo whenwasonthepointofdoingsth when haddone when3 when可以表 既然 如 HowcanIhelpthemtounderstandwhentheywon tlistentome 注意同一个从属连词的多义性 一 连接词when的用法小结 问题1 1 04北京春 Wewereswimminginthelake suddenlythestormstarted A whenB whileC untilD before2 02上海 Hewasabouttotellmethesecret someonepattedhimontheshoulder A asB untilC whileD when3 05上海 Hetransplantedthelittletreetothegarden itwasthebesttimeforit A whereB whenC thatD until4 05福建 DidJackcomebackearlylastnight Yes Itwasnotyeteighto clock hearrivedhome A BeforeB whenC thatD until5 06辽宁 Hewasabouthalfwaythroughhismeal afamiliarvoicecametohisears A whyB whereC whenD while A D B B C 一 时间状语从句 1 while引导时间状语从句 意为 当 的时候 从句的动作必须是持续性的 如 Pleasedon ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking 2 while引导时间状语从句 意为 趁 的情况赶紧做Strikewhiletheironishot 3 while引导让步状语从句 放于主句之前 意为 尽管 虽然 相当于althoughWhileIadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult Idon tagreethattheycan tbesolved 4 while作为并列连词 意为 而 却 表示对比 JanewasdressedinbrownwhileMarywasdressedinblue 二 连接词while的用法小结 问题2 6 06天津 ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain thequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest A sinceB whenC asD while7 04年江苏 Iacceptthatheisnotperfect Idoactuallyliketheperson A WhileB SinceC BeforeD Unless8 itistruethatastudent smostimportantgoalistodowellinhisorherstudies itdoesn tneedtobetheonlygoal AwhenBAsCWhileDBefore9 Marymadecoffeeherguestswerefinishingtheirmeal 全国 A sothatB althoughC whileD asif D A C C 1 as可用来引导时间状语 意为 一边 一边 随着Shesangasshewalkedhomealltheway 一边 一边 Shewasdoingherhomeworkasshewaslisteningtothemusic Asshegrewolder shebecamemorebeautiful 随着 Asthedaywenton theweathergotworse 2 as引导原因状语从句 意为 因为 由于 Assheisfreetoday shewouldliketodosomeshopping 3 as引导让步状语从句 从句必须倒装 意为 尽管 Tiredashewas herefusedtotakearest 尽管 Hardasheworked hecan tworkouttheproblem Childasheis heknowsalot Tryashemight hewouldn tsucceed 三 连接词as的用法 when while as这三个连词都可表示 当 的时候 1 when可表示一个时间点 也可表示一个时间段 如 Whenhecamein wewerehavingsupper Whenwewerehavingsupper thelightsuddenlywentout 2 while则只表示一个时间段 它所引导的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时态 如 When Whilehewaseatinghisbreakfast heheardthedoorbellring WhilehewaswatchingTV theboyfellasleep 3 as则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行 也可表示 随着 Shesangasshewalkedalong Astheelectionapproached theviolencegotworse 连接词when while as的用法区别 when while as1 timewenton thingsbegantochange 2 ShethoughtIwastalkingahoutherdaughter infact Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter 3 Iacceptthatheisnotperfect Idoactuallyliketheperson 4 Iwaswalkingalongtheroad suddenlysomeonepattedmeontheshoulderfrombehind 5 Thestudentssang theywentalong when As while While as 一边 一边 andthen 正在 的时候 突然 随着 表对比 而 表让步 虽然 6 Strike theironishot 7 achild helivedinthecountryside 8 Becareful crossingthesteet while As when while as n when 1 themoment theinstant theminute thesecond thedayimmediately directly instantly hardly when scarcely when nosooner than这些连词引导时间状语从句 相当于assoonas的意思 Icameimmediatelyyoucalledmeup 2 如果hardly scarcely或nosooner置于句首 主句必须部分倒装 注意 主句过去完成时 从句一般过去时Hardly scarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain thefirst second lasttime everytime eachtime nexttime bythetime也可引导时间状语从句 从句一般时态ThefirsttimeIdrovethecar Ifeltverynervous Nexttimeyoucome pleasebringyourcomposition 四 一 就 表达法小结 五 time短语小结 问题3 DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher Yes Igaveittoher Isawher A whileB themomentC suddenlyD although2 Ithoughtherniceandhonest Imether A firsttimeB forthefirsttimeC thefirsttimeD bythefirsttime3 enteredtheofficewhenherealizedthathehadforgottenhisreport A HehardlyhadB HadhehardlyC HardlyhadheD Hardlyhehad B C C 1 until till从句用于肯定句主句时 主句的动词是延续性动词 意为 某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止 Wewaiteduntil tillhecame 2 until till从句用于否定句主句时 主句谓语动词终止性动词 意为 某动作直到某时间才开始 如 Hewon tgotobeduntilherfatherreturns 3 till不可以置于句首 而until可以 如 UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit 4 not until句型的强调句 须将not一起提前强调 ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit 5 Notuntil 放句首强调时 主句部分倒装 NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit 注意 till until从句中的谓语动词都是终止性动词 六 till until和not until小结 问题4 1 Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool Yes Hehadneverpraisedhim hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade A afterB unlessC untilD when2 Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdlisteners curiosity hereachestheendofthestory A whenB unlessC afterD until3 Itwasnot shetookoffherdarkglasses Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar A when thatB until thatC until whenD when then C D B 1 含义 before表示 在 之前 但还有如下意思1 Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland 2 Wehadn trunamilebeforehefelttired 3 Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit 4 BeforeIcouldgetinaword hehadmeasuredme 才 不到 就 趁 还没来得及 七 连接词before的小结 1 Itwillbe 段时间 before 要过 才会 Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry 2 Itwas 时间段 before从句 过了 才 Itwasthreeweeksbeforehecameback3 Itwillnotbe时间段before 要不了 就会 Itwon tbelongbeforeshecomesback4 Itwasnot时间段before 没过 就 了 Itwasn tlongbeforeheleftthecountry 5 Itis hasbeen 时间段 since 如 Itisthreeyearssinceshewasinthearmy Itisthreeyearssinceshejoinedthearmy 注意主从句时态 2 before的一些特殊句式 问题5 1 03年北京 Hemadeamistake butthenhecorrectedthesituation itgotworse A untilB whenC beforeD as2 04福建 Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients A sinceB afterC beforeD when3 06四川 Whydidn tyoutellhimaboutthemeeting Herushedoutoftheroom Icouldsayaword A beforeB untilC whenD after4 05北京春 Itisalmostfiveyears wesaweachotherlasttime A beforeB sinceC afterD because C C A B once引导时间状语从句时含有条件意味 译为 一旦 theydecidewhichcollegetogoto studentsshouldresearchtheadmissionprocedures 2010 北京 A AsB WhileC UntilD OnceTheresearchprogramissodesignedthatoncestarted nothingcanstopit 八 once的用法小结 1 since引导时间状语从句 自从 1 从句常用一般过去时 主句常用现在完成时或完成进行时 2 固定句型 Itis hasbeen 段时间 since 一般过去时 若从句谓语动词是延续性的 表示多久没做 若从句谓语动词是短暂性的 则表示自从做 多久了 HaveyouknownDr Jacksonforalongtime Yes sinceshe theChineseSociety A hasjoinedB joinsC hadjoinedD joined 九 Since用法小结 Whatwasthepartylike Wonderful It syears Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch A afterB whenC beforeD since Doyousmoke It sthreeyearssinceIsmoked A Yes IdoB Yes Idon tC No Idon tD No Ido 问题1 1 Itisknowntoallthat youexerciseregularly youwon tkeepgoodhealth 05重庆卷 A unlessB wheneverC althoughD if2 Youwillbelate youleaveimmediately A unlessB untilC ifD or3 Thelittleboywon tgotosleephismothertellshimastory 2010全国 A orB unlessC butD whether A A B unless相当于ifnot 意思是 除非 如果不 就 这也是高考的热点之一 二 条件状语从句 1 unless if not除非Youwillfailunlessyoustudyhard 2 suppose supposing providing that provided that given that ifGiventhathesupportsus we llwintheelection 3 onconditionthat 假设 aslongas solongas onlyif 只要 Aslongasyoudon tloseheart youwillsucceed 4 as so faras 就 据 SofarasIamconcerned I minfavorof mercykilling 就我个人而言 我支持安乐死 条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句 用在虚拟语气 注意 在真实条件句中 常用一般现在时或现在完成时代替将来时 常由下列连词引导条件状语从句 if unless supposing providing that provided that 假如 倘若 given that 如果有incase onconditionthat aslongas等 问题2 1 Icansee thereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger 04北京春季 A BecauseB AsfarasC aslongasD Evenif2 IalwaystakesomethingtoreadwhenIgotothedoctor s Ihavetowait 05全国卷3 A incaseB sothatC inorderD asif B A aslongas与asfaras都可引导条件状语从句 aslongas表示 只要 asfaras表示 就 而言 题1根据题意应该选用B incase表示 以防 问题1 1 Iacceptthatheisnotperfect Idoactuallyliketheperson 04江苏 A WhileB SinceC BeforeD Unless2 Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions theyaredifferentfromyourown 05湖南卷 A untilB evenifC unlessD asthough A B while是高考中的高频词 它既可引导时间状语从句 又可连接并列句 还可引导让步状语从句 表示 尽管 evenif等于eventhough 表示 即使 尽管 asthough等于asif 引导方式状语从句 表示 好像 似乎 三 让步状语从句 1 由though although as 虽然尽管 evenif eventhough wh ever nomatter wh whether or 引导 1 Thoughheisold yetheisactive 2 Althoughmostofthepeopleagreed somewerenotwillingtoaccepted 3 Proudas thoughthenoblesare theyareafraidtoseeme Wewouldn tloseheartevenifweshouldfailtentimes 4 Whenever nomatterwhen youcallonme youarealwayswelcome 5 Wherever nomatterwhere youwork youcanalwaysfindtimetostudy 6 Taketheoneyoulikebest whichever nomatterwhich itis 2 though与although 不能与but连用 但可以与yet still nevertheless等连用 用来加强语气 Though Although hewastired yet still hewentonworking 3 as引导让步状语从句倒装 将从句表语的形容词 名词 副词或动词原形放于as之前although不可以倒装 though可倒可不倒 as必倒 4 whether or 无论 还是 Whethersickorwell she salwayshappy 问题2 3 hedoesn tstudywell A AsheiscleverB HeisascleverC CleverasheisD Ascleverheis4 Youshouldreportanyincident seriousorminoritis A howeverB whateverC whoeverD whichever5 Mr Hallunderstandsthat mathhasalwaysbeeneasyforhim itisnoteasyforthestudents A unlessB sinceC althoughD when 6 Ihaveneverseenanyonewho sascapableasJohn A AslongasIhavetraveledB NowthatIhavetraveledtomuchC MuchasIhavetraveledD AsIgavetraveledtomuch问题3 7 Dad I vefinishedmyassignment Good and youplayorwatchTV youmustn tdisturbme A wheneverB whetherC whateverD nomatter8 Youcaneatfoodfreeinmyrestaurant youlike A wheneverB whereverC whateverD however9 Youshouldtrytogetagoodnight ssleep muchworkyouhavetodo A howeverB nomatterC althoughD whatever 10 Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek A HoweverthestoryisamusingB NomatteramusingthestoryisC HoweveramusingthestoryisD Nomatterhowthestoryisamusing 11 Hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem difficultitwas 05天津卷 A howeverB nomatterC whateverDalthough 12 Theoldtowermustbesaved thecost 05浙江 A howeverB whateverC whicheverD wherever13 EnglishandFrencharetaughthere Youcanchoose youlike A nomatterwhichB whicheverC nomatterwhatD whatever nomatterwh 只引导让步状语从句 此时与wh ever通用 Nomatterwhen Wheneverhecomesback heshouldbeinvitedtotheparty wh ever又可引导名词性从句 Nomatterwh 不能 如 Whoevercanhelpuswillbewelcome 5 nomatterwh 与wh ever的联系及区别 so that such that sothatItissogoodastorythatI llneverforgetit ItissuchagoodstorythatI llneverforgetit 1 such a adj 名词 可数名词 thatclausesuch adj 名词复数 不可数名词2 so adj adv thatclause3 so many few 复数名词 thatclausemuch little 不可数名词 四 结果状语从句 五 原因状语从句 1 because表示事情发生的直接原因或理由 它的语气很强 Hedidn tcometoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill 1 回答why的提问 必须用because Whydidn thecomeyesterday hehadsomethingimportanttodo A BecauseB AsC SinceD For2 当有only just all partly not but等修饰时 Thetwogirlswerelateagain whichwaspartlybecausetheygotuplate 3 在强调原因状语从句时 只能用because Itwasbecauseitrainedhardthattheyputoffthefootballmatch 2 since常表示对方已经知道的既成事实 说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论 其语气比because要弱 一般译成 既然 如 Sinceyouarehere whynotstayforafewmoredays 3 as常用于表示十分明显的原因 说明因果关系 重点放在主句上 语气较弱 常译成 由于 如 Asit sgettingdarker wemustgohomenow 4 for只是一个并列连词 用于连接两个并列句 表示推理或解释 对前一个分句进行附加说明 如 Itmusthaverainedlastnight forthegroundiswet 六 目的状语从句 Ihurried Iwouldn tbelateforclass A sinceB sothatC asifD unlessYoumustspeakloudersothat inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat lest heshouldforgetit Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold 1 通常由sothat inorderthat so that incase 以防 免得 forfearthat 以防 以免 等引导 Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus Shemarriedhimsothatshemighttendandcomforthim Iexplainedagainincaseheshouldmisunderstandme 2 目的状语从句中谓语动词常含有may might can could should will等情态动词 Ihidtheknifeunderthebed hefoundit A ifB sothatC forfearthatD inorderthat 1 Johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchen hecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty A whichB whenC sothatD asif2 Rosesneedspecialcare theycanlivethroughwinter A becauseB sothatC evenfD as3 Sallyworkedlateintheeveningtofinishherreport herbosscouldreaditfirstnextmorning A sothatB inordertoC beforeD soas sothat表示目的还是表示结果 有时看逗号 结果从句多用逗号隔开 表结果的sothat中that可以省略 Wearrivedearlysothatwecouldgetgoodseats Wearrivedearly so that wegotgoodseats 七 比较状语从句 1 as as notas so as 和 一样 more erthan 比 更 less 原级 than 不如 1 Hedoesn tworksohardasyoudo 2 ThereisasmuchinkinbottleAasinbottleB 3 Themoreyouworry thelessyou llsucceed 4 Goldismuchheavierthananyothermetal Ihaveseldomseenmymotherpleasedwithmyprogressassheisnow A soB veryC tooD rather Actuallytheoceanfloorarealmostasirregularastheexposedlandarea Noonecanbemorefitforhisofficethanheis 2 the 比较级 接从句 the 比较级 接主句 这一句型也归在比较状语从句内 如 Themoreyoustudy themoreyouknow Theharderwework thehappierwefeel AsfarasIamconcerned educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn A themoreforlifeareyouequippedB themoreequippedforlifeyouareC themorelifeyouareequippedforD youareequippedthemoreforlife 3 比较状从常用as或than引导时 有一些成分被省略 有时候要用that来代替比较对象 否则要产生歧义Johnplaysfootball ifnotbetterthan David A aswellB aswellasC sowellD sowellasTheweatherofNanjinginsummerisashotas Wuhan 不填B thoseofC thatofD in4 有比较级概念不用than从句elder former latter等形容词 形式是比较级 但不用于than从句 Heistheelderofthetwo than从句表示最高级比较级 than anyother 单数 比较级 than alltheother 复数 比较级 than any else等 否定词 比较级 than引导状从也可表示最高级 如Ihaveneverseena interestingmovie mostB moreC betterD nomore6 than后面人称代词主格宾格有时候意思不同 ShedrawsbetterthanI me 相同 Yourwifeseemstolikeherdogverymuch Yes shelikesthedogmorethan A IB meC herD she 7 比较状语从句表示倍数 可以用as和than来表示 三种句型 1 A 倍数 比较级 thanB多多少倍如 Thisbuildingistwicetallerthanthatone 2 A 倍数 as原级as B是多少倍如 Thisbuildingisthreetimesastallasthatone 3 A 倍数 thesize height weight length ofB如 Thisbuildingisthreetimesthesizeofthatone 句型变式 倍数 more 名词 than倍数 asmany much 名词 asAmericanseatmorethantwiceasmanyvegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin1910 WiththehelpoftheGermanexperts thefactoryproduced carsin1993astheyearbefore astwicemanyB asmanyastwiceastwiceasmanyD twiceasmanyItisreportedthattheUnitedStatesuses thewholeofEurope TwiceenergymorethanTwiceenergyasmuchasTwiceasmuchenergyasMorethantwiceenergy 1 YoumusttrytodoasIdid 2 Let sdoasMrs Liteachesus 3 Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit 4 Leaveitasitis 5 Heheardanoise asifsomeonewasbreathing 6 Isawthemanlookingabouthimasifhewishedtoimpressuponhismindeverything 八 方式状语从句 1 由连词 as 像 一样 asif asthough 似乎 引导 2 asif和asthough 引导的从句与事实相反多用虚拟语气 但也可用陈述语气 表示情况接近事实 HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson 九 地点状语从句 地点状语从句只有两个连词 Where whereverWhere 在 地方 Wherever 无论在什么地方1 Putthemedicinewhereyoucaneasilygetit 2 Wherethereisawill thereisaway 3 Hefollowsherwherevershegoes 4 Whereveryouare Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou 1 Afterthewar anewschoolbuildingwasputup therehadoncebeenatheatre A thatB whereC whichD when2 Don tlookdownuponBob Hehashisownadvantages Oh yes othersareweak heisstrong A IfB WhenC WhereD Though3 Thethreadofmykitebrokeanditflewaway Ihadtoldyouitwouldeasilybreak itwastheweakestA whenB whereC unlessD since 4 heis hewillbethinkingofhisgirlfriend A WhatB WhereC WhetherD Wherever 5 Shefoundhercalculator shelostit A thatB whereC inwhichD when6 Thisisthefactory hermotherworkedlastyear A thatB whereC inwhichD wherever 状语从句的时态问题问题1 1 Thehousecouldfalldownsoonifnoone somequickrepairwork 04全国IV AhasdoneBisdoingCdoesDhaddone2 Itisalmostfiveyears wesaweachotherlasttime 05北京春季 A beforeB sinceC afterD when 在条件 时间状语从句中 用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来的动作时 在since引导的时间状语从句中 动词一般都用一般过去时 而主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时 C B 状语从句的倒装问题问题1 1 Sodifficult ittoliveinanEnglish speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglish 01上海 A IhavefeltB haveIfeltC IdidfeelD didIfeel2 Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver howseriousthepollutionwas 95NMET A didthevillagersrealizeB thevillagersrealizedC thevillagersdidrealizeD didn tthevillagersrealize D A 状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况 否定词开头 notuntil so加adj adv或such n放开头 as though引导的让步状语从句 特别注意 Hardly when Nosooner than Childasheis Hardlyhadhegottothestationwhenthetrainleft Nosoonerhadhegottothestationthanthetrainleft Childasheis hecanspeaksevenforeignlanguages 1 如果主从句