过去分词用法详解.ppt

PastParticiple Revision I 基本形式和意义 动词的 ed形式 即传统语法所指的 过去分词 它是动词的一种非限定形式 动词的 ed形式兼有动词 副词和形容词的特征 可以带宾语或受状语修饰 动词的 ed形式和宾语或状语一起构成 ed分词短语 动词 ed形式的基本形式是 动词 ed 但也有不规则的形式 Theyfoundadamagedcaratthegateofthepark 2 Iboughtsomepaintedchairs 3 Helivesinthehousebuiltbyhisfather 4 HaveyoureadthisbookwrittenbyLuXun 1 单个的过去分词作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面 过去分词短语作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面 1 Heisoneofthoseinvited 2 Nothingreported inthenewspaper interestedhim 3 Hewantedtointerviewsomeonerelatedtothematter 2 过去分词修饰something everything anything nothing somebody nobody those等不定代词时 要放在这些词后面 abrokenheartalostdogarisensunanorganizedtripabrokenglass 一颗破碎的心 丧家之犬 已升起的太阳 一次有组织的旅行 一个破玻璃杯 Practice pleaseanalyzethefunctionsofthepastparticiples 在既定的时间内 用所给的单词 被通缉的人 被聘工人 关切的神情 有关人士 boilingwater waterthatisboiling boiledwater waterthathasboiled 正在沸腾的水 已经沸腾过的水 pollutedwaterprintedarticles 已经被污染的水 已经被打印的文章 4 现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作 不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示一个已完成的动作 只有及物动词的过去分词才表示一个完成且被动的动作 退休工人 逃犯 归国留学生 Comparethefollowings 正在变化的 变化了的 正在凋谢的 已经凋谢了的 发展的 发达的 正在飘落的 已经飘落了的 e g Ihavemuchworktodo Thebuildingtobefinishedattheendofthisyearwillbeourlabbuilding Thebirdsinginginthetreeisverybeautiful Didyouseetheboybeingquestionedbythepolice 5 todotobedonedoingbeingdone 表示一个将来的动作 表示一个正在进行的被动动作 表示一个将来的被动动作 表示一个正在进行的主动动作 Iknowthepeoplebuildingthehousethere Thehousebeingbuiltoverthereisashop Thehousebuiltoverthereisashop 主动 进行 被动 进行 被动 完成 Exercises 1 Therepairscostalot butit smoneywell 05 HB A tospendB spentC beingspentD spending2 Theprizeofthegameshowis 30 000andanallexpenses vacationtoChina 05 BJ A payingB paidC tobepaidD beingpaid3 Thedisc digitally inthestudio soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight 04 SH A recordedB recordingC toberecordedD havingrecorded4 LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningcompany as3M 04 ZJ A knowingB knownC beingknownD tobeknown B B A B 1 ing作表语与 ed作表语的区别 Conclusion 现在分词表示主动的意义 常指事物 过去分词表示被动的意义 常指人 Fillintheblankswiththerightform 1 Ihadnothingtodo Iwas bore andlonely 2 Jacklookedevenmore amaze thanhefelt 3 Theresultswerevery disappoint 4 Iwasthankedbythe satisfy customer amazed bored disappointing satisfied Thewindowisbroken Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy Conclusion be 过去分词 如果表示动作的完成和状态是系表结构 此时它相当于一个形容词 如果表示被动的动作是被动语态 此时主语为动作的承受者 后常跟by短语 2 过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别 Compare 1 完全形容词化了的动词 ed形式 可以被very等副词修饰 可以有比较级等级形式 常见的有常见的有 bored disappointed excited frightened interested pleased puzzled satisfied surprised tired worried等 2 有的动词 ed形式可以被副词well修饰 如 built cooked done dressed known prepared written等 3 其它副词也可以修饰动词 ed形式 如 deeplymoved highlydeveloped heavily populated等 3 注意事项 4 动词 ed形式作表语时 其后可以接介词短语 不定式短语及that引导的宾语从句 e g Heisverymuchdisappointedattheresult Themotherwaspleasedtohearfromherson I msatisfiedthatyoudidn ttellmealie 1 Aswejoinedthebigcrowd Igot frommyfriends 03 NMET A separatedB sparedC lostD missed2 Idon tknowtherestaurant butitis tobequiteagoodone 03 NMET A saidB toldC spokenD talked3 Theyoungmanseemstobe inlaw A interestingB interestedC interestD beinginterested4 Haveyoureadthenewsintoday snewspaper Thisnewssounds 00 NMET A encouragingB encouragedC encourageD toencourage5 Shallwegoswimming OK I lljustgoandget A changedB tochangeC tobechangedD changing Exercises A A B A A Step usedasObjectComplement 及物动词的过去分词作宾补表示一个完成且被动的动作 不及物动词的过去分词作宾补只表示动作的完成和状态 Whenhearrived hefoundalltheworkfinished Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged 2 现在分词作宾补表示一个主动或正在进行的动作 现在分词的被动式作宾补表示一个正在进行的被动动作 Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting Isawthechildbeingbeatenbyhisfather Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback Withalltheworkfinished hewentback 1 让某人做某事 让某事 被人 做 2 遭受某种损失或某种不愿要的结果 1 havesthdone Yesterdayshehadherwalletstolen Theoldmanhadhislegbrokenintheaccident 2 介词with 宾语 过去分词 Thevillagershadmanytreesplantedjustthen Ihavehadmybikerepaired Exercises 1 Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow You vehadit oftenenough 05 Tianjin A explainingB toexplainC explainD explained2 Helenhadtoshout abovethesoundofthemusic 04 NMET A makingherselfhearB tomakeherselfhearC makeherselfheardD tomakeherselfheard3 Ifyouwant immediately youhavetogiveussomemoneyinadvance A thattheworkbedoneB theworkdoneC tohavedonethejobD thejobthatisdone D D B 4 Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound inthekitchen NMET2003 A smokeB smokingC tosmokeD smoked5 Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee thenextyear 1999NMET A carryoutB carryingoutC carriedoutD tocarryout B C 1 作时间状语 Toldofhismother saccident Jackphonedthehospital TranslatedintoEnglish thesentencewasfoundtohaveadifferentwordorder Whenaskedtospeak hecomplainedaboutthepoorservice 2 作原因状语 Caughtintherain hehadafever InspiredbyOprahWinfery shebecameconfident Step usedasAdverbial 3 作条件状语 Givenmoretime I llbeabletodoitbetter Cleared thissitewouldbeveryvaluable Thehousewilllookbiggerifpaintedwhite Shewillgladlycometoyourhouseifinvited 4 作让步状语 Defeated heremainedapopularboxer Thoughtoldtostop hekeptonwalking Evenifgiveneveryopportunity theywouldnotsucceed 5 作方式状语 Iamreturningyourletterasrequested Hewaswalkingsadlyasifinjured 6 作伴随状语 Marycameoutoftheroom followedbyherdog Acrowdrushedin armedwithsticks Seenfromthehill ourschoollooksmorebeautiful Seeingfromthehill wecanseeourbeautifulschool 3 Havingstudiedhard hesucceededinpassingthefinalexam 4 HavingbeentoldtostayinBeijing theboydecidednottoreturntohisvillage Conclusion 1 过去分词和现在分词逻辑上的主语都为句子主语 但是过去分词与主语之间存在被动关系 而现在分词与主语之间存在主动关系 2 现在分词的完成被动式和过去分词两者都可表示 完成 和 被动 但前者更加强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作 而后者的时间性不强 7 动词的 ed形式与 ing形式作状语的区别 doinghavingdonedonehavingbeendone 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系 与句中谓语动作同时发生 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系 先于谓语动作发生 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系 且先于谓语动作发生 Exercises 1 intouseinApril2000 thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns 05 SH A PutB PuttingC HavingputD Beingput2 inawhiteuniform helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor 05 HN A DressedB TodressC DressingD Havingdressed3 inthemountainsforaweek thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice 05 JS A HavinglostB LostC BeinglostD Losing4 When help oneoftensays Thankyou or It skindofyou 05 FJ A offeringB toofferC tobeofferedD offered 5 Whenfirst tothemarket theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess 04 NMET A introducingB introducedC introduceD beingintroduced6 withthesizeofthewholeearth the