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HighereducationinBritain OxfordUniversity Highereducation Britishhighereducationhasbecomeamasssystem enrollingaboutathirdoftheagegroup Approximately1 8millionstudentscurrentlyareinthehighereducationsystem Thereare114universityinstitutions and60highereducationcolleges intheUK countingseparatelytheconstituentcollegesofthefederaluniversitiesofWalesandLondon Inaddition highereducationprogramsareofferedinmanyfurthereducationcolleges 1 Development HighereducationhasalonghistoryintheUK e g OxfordandCambridgedatefromthe12thand13thcenturies whiletheScottishuniversitiesofStAndrews Glasgow Edinburghdatefrom14thand15thcenturies Attheturnofthe20thcenturybeforeWorldWarI RedBrickuniversities thesixlargecivicuniversitieswerefounded In1960s therewasalargeexpansioninthenumbersofuniversitiesandmanynewuniversitieswerebuilt Thesenewlybuiltuniversitiesarecalledas Plateglassuniversities fortheirmodernarchitecturaldesignwhichoftencontainswideexpansesofplateglassinsteelorconcreteframes 2 Funding ThevastmajorityofUnitedKingdomuniversitiesaregovernmentfinanced withonlyoneprivateuniversity theUniversityofBuckingham wherethegovernmentdoesnotsubsidizethetuitionfees Students Teachers Approximately1 8millionstudentsarecurrentlyenrolledintheUKhighereducationsystem aboutonethirdofyoungpeoplegoontohighereducationatage18andanincreasingnumberof mature studentsarestudyingeitherfull timeorpart timeforuniversitydegrees Thereareabout40 000fulltimeuniversityteacherspaidwhollyfromuniversityfunds About1in6ofalluniversityteachersareprofessors DegreeTitles InBritaindegreetitlesarebasedoncoursesandcredits ThemostcommontitlesforafirstdegreeareBachelorofArts BA andBachelorofScience BSC grantedtostudentswhohavepassedexaminationsattheendofthreeorfouryears study TheseconddegreeisthatofMaster includingMasterofArts MA andMasterofScience MSC ThehighestdegreetitleisDoctorofPhilosophy PhD Highereducation undergraduatestudy Abachelordegree BA BSc etc canbeobtainedbyaminimumofthreeyear sstudyatoneofthemorethan200universitiesorinstitutionsofhighereducationintheUKofferingdegreecourses Somedegreecourseslastfouryears theextrayearbeingspentinpracticaltraining asinmany sandwich degreessuchasengineering orasayearabroadifstudyingamodernlanguage Onlyaboutthetop7 oftheagecohortintheUKstudiesforadegree consequentlyentrytouniversitiesorsimilarinstitutionsishighlycompetitive Typicalentryrequirementswouldbeatleast3CgradesatALevelforuniversitycoursesandperhaps3gradeDsforentrytootherinstitutionsofhighereducation HigherEducation post graduatedegree Studentswhohavecompletedafirstdegreeareeligibletoundertakeapostgraduatedegree whichincludes Master sdegree oneyear Doctoratedegree threeyears Britishcollegesanduniversities morethan40universities1 Oxford about30separatecolleges datingfromthe12thcenturyCambridge about20separatecolleges datingfromthe13thcentury Oxbridge OxbridgeBoatRace 2 4Scottishuniversities datingfromthe15thand16thcenturiesSt Andrews Glasgow Aberdeen Edinburgh3 post waruniversities Keele Lancaster York Newcastle Theuniversitiesofthe19thand20thcenturiesarecalled redbrick usedtocontrastwiththemoredignifiedandsolid lookingancientstonearchitectureof Oxbridge 4 OpenUniversitiesthefreedomofuniversities reflectedinthedifferentcoursesanddegreesawardedbydifferentuniversitiesB A BachelorofArts M A MasterofArts Ph D DoctorofPhilosophy CollegegradesrunA B C D E F Amaster sdegreecanbeearnedbyoneortwoacademicyearsofstudybeyondthebachelor sdegree ToearnPh D takesatleastthreeyearsbeyondthemaster s TheOpenUniversity TheOpenUniversityorOU isadistancelearningandresearchuniversityfoundedin1969 Itisnotableforhavinganopenentrypolicy i e students previousacademicachievementsarenottakenintoaccountforentrytomostundergraduatecourses Withmorethan180 000studentsenrolled includingmorethan25 000studentsstudyingoverseas theOpenUniversityisthelargestacademicinstitutionintheUnitedKingdomandEuropebystudentnumber andqualifiesasoneoftheworld slargestuniversities AdvantagesA StudyintheOpenUniversityismuchcheaper B Studentscanworkatthesametimeasgettingthedegree C Formostcoursestherearenoentryrequirements Thisfundamentalopenadmissionspolicymakesundergraduateuniversitystudyaccessibletoall WorldUniversityRankings2008 Top16 fromgoogle 1 HARVARDUniversityUnitedStates2 YALEUniversityUnitedStates3 UniversityofCAMBRIDGEUnitedKingdom4 UniversityofOXFORDUnitedKingdom5 CALIFORNIAInstituteofTechnologyUnitedStates6 IMPERIALCollegeLondonUnitedKingdom7 UCL UniversityCollegeLondon UnitedKingdom8 UniversityofCHICAGOUnitedStates 2010年泰晤士报 TIMES 英国大学综合排名1牛津大学OxfordUniversity2剑桥大学CambridgeUniversity3伦敦大学帝国理工学院ImperialCollegeofScience Technology Medicine4圣安德鲁斯大学UniversityofStAndrews5伦敦大学学院UniversityCollegeLondon6华威大学UniversityofWarwick 7伦敦政治经济学院LondonSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScience8杜伦大学TheUniversityofDurham9艾克斯特大学ExeterUniversity10布里斯托大学UniversityofBristol11约克大学UniversityofYork12伦敦大学国王学院King sCollegeLondon UniversityofLondon13巴斯大学TheUniversityofBath 14爱丁堡大学EdinburghUniversity15莱斯特大学LeicesterUniversity16南安普敦大学SouthamptonUniversity17拉夫堡大学LoughboroughUniversity18谢菲尔德大学TheUniversityofSheffield19格拉斯
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