初中英语讲义(教案) 初三英语 Unit1 How do you study.doc

Unit1 How do you study for a test ?一、导入 1 一只小狗爬上你的餐桌，向一只烧鸡爬去，你大怒道：你敢对那只烧鸡怎样，我就敢对你怎样，结果小狗舔了一下鸡屁股，你昏倒，小狗乐道：小样看谁狠。 2 你走在路上，一母狗扑向你，从你的脚上咬了一块肉，迅速吞下去，你伸脚正要踢它的时候，狗含着泪说：你打吧，反正我肚里已经有了你的骨肉！ 二、知识点回顾 略 三、（1）专题讲解 专题1：重点词汇、短语 1、基本短语 1.by doing通过做某事 15.last for long 持续了很长时间 2.practice doing练习做某事 16.regardas 把当作/视为 3.the best way to do sth做某事的最好方法 17.try ones best to do sth 尽力做 4.get excited about对感到兴奋 18.with the help of. 在某人的帮助下 5.end up doing以做结束 19.stay angry 持续生气 6.make mistakes犯错误 20.unless 如果不,除非 7.join the English club加入英语俱乐部 21.break off 突然中止，中断 8.To begin with.以.开始 22.take notes 记笔记 9.later on 以后，随后 23.deal with 处理，应付 10.laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 24.tooto. 太而不能 11.make up编造 25.be angry with sb =be mad at sb 生某人的气 12.decide to do sth 决定做某事 26.look up 通过字典查阅 13.It doesnt matter 没关系 27.Time goes by 时间飞逝 14.be terrified of sth/doing sth 28.have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 be afraid to do sth 害怕某事/做某事 29. not.at all 根本不 2、短语过关10- 向某人求助 ask sb _ help制作抽认卡 make _ 玩的开心 have _ 结束说英语 end up _ English 英语口语 _ English 嘲笑. laugh _ 练习说英语 practice _ English 大声朗读 read _ 犯错误 make _ 首先 _ of all 有乐趣做 have fun_ 看英文节目 _ English programs 做某事有困难 have _ in _ sth 查字典 look _ the dictionary另一件事 _ thing处理 _ with时光流逝 Time _ _在-帮助下 _ the help of对-感兴趣 be _ in在-校队 _ the school team如此多的时间 so _ time聊天 _ with一个8岁的男孩 _ _ boy支付 _ for令某人吃惊的是 _ ones _为-感到骄傲 take _ in改变某人的想法 change ones _3、 重点词汇、短语解析1. by + doing 通过方式如：by studying with a group by 还可以表示： “在旁”、“靠近” 如：I live by the river. “在以前”、“截止为止“如： I have to go back by ten oclock. “乘交通工具” 如：The student went to park by bus.2. talk about 谈论，讨论如：The students often talk about movie after class.学生们常常在课 后讨论电影。 talk to sb. = talk with sb. 与某人说话3. 提建议的句子： What / how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shopping4. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。 a lot of 许多 用于句中 如：Opening a hotel needs a lot of money.5. tooto 太而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 结构 too +adj. +to do sth 可用not enough to do 和 so that 句式改写Eg: 他太小了，不能去上学。（用三种句型翻译）sothat_too +adj. +to do sth not enough to do 6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法 ：三个词都与大声或响亮有关。 aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。 aloud没有比较级形式。 如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。 loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词 之后。 如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。 loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动 词之前或之后。 如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。7. not at all 一点也不，根本不 如： I like milk very much. I dont like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。 not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾8. be / get excited about sth.= be / get excited about doing sth.= be excited to do sth. 对感兴奋 如：I am / get excited about going to Beijing.= I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。9. end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如：The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 end up with sth. 以结束 如：The party ended up with a song. 晚会以一首歌曲而告终。10. first of all 首先. to begin with. 以.开始 later on 后来、随后11. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 如： either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 如： too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末 如：12. make mistakes 犯错 如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。 make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人） 如：Dont laugh at me! 不要取笑我!14. take notes 做笔记，做记录 15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做乐意做 如：She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。16. native speaker 说本族语的人17. make up 组成、构成 如：Twelve girls make up the team.18. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 其中之一 如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。19. Its +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事 如：Its difficult (for me ) to study English. 对于我来说学习英语太难了。 句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English20. practice doing 练习做某事 如：She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如：Li Lei has decided to go to Bei Jing . 李雷已经决定去北京。22. unless 假如不，除非（引导条件状语从句） 如：You will fail unless you work hard.假如你不努力，你会失败。 I wont write unless he writes first. 除非他先写，要不我不写23. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problems.24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事 如：Mother worried about his son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如：I was angry with her. 我对她生气。26. perhaps = maybe 也许27. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。28. see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生 see sb. do sth 看见某人在做了某事 事情做完了 如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom. 她看见他正在教室里画画。29. each other 彼此 30. regard as 把看作为. 如：The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。31. too many许多 修饰可数名词如：too many girls too much许多 修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk much too太 修饰形容词 如：（much） too beautiful32. Change into将变为如：The magician changed the pen into a book. 这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。33. with the help of sb. = with ones help 在某人的帮助下 如：with the help of Li Lei = with Li Leis help在李雷的帮助下34. compare to 把与相比 如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky. 你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。35. instead 代替用在句末，副词（字面上常不译出来） instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替，而不是 用在句中，动词如：Last summer I went to Beijing. This year Im going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我 将要去上海。 I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。He stayed at home instead of going swimming. 他呆在家里而不是去游泳。专题2：重点语法1. 动词不定式做后置定语The best way to learn English is reading aloud.The fastest way to travel is by plane 2. 动名词：在动词后加ing为动名词doing，相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。(1)作主语（谓语为第三人称单数）Memorizing the words of pop songs also helps a little.记流行歌曲的词也起作用。Swimming is good for our health.(2)作宾语 在动词(keeppracticefinish enjoyhatebe busymind) 后只用ing 作宾语Eg. We should keep speaking English in class. He often practices singing in the morning. I have finished reading the book. Would you mind opening the door? (3)作表语 Babysisters job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。 3.现在完成时 A. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。现在完成时常用时间状语有recently，lately，since+时间点，for+数字+时间，in the past few months/years等 肯定形式：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done 一般疑问句：have或has放于句首。 B.现在完成时的用法1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。 E g. The car has arrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口） Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）区别：have been to, have gone to, have been inhave been to,表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来了例如：Have you been to Beijing before? 你以前去过北京么？have gone to表示去了，但还没有回来例如：A: Is Mr.Wang at home?B: No,he is not in, he has gone to Shen zhen. have been in指的是在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在例如：My family have been in Hong Kong since 1998.2）现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在。常用for和since表示一段时间的状语 或so far，today，this week (month，year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。eg.He has studied English for 5 years. He has studied English since 2001. Now I have not finished the work.（2） 变式练习 一.单项选择( ) 1. Look at the old man. He makes money selling old books. A. in B. for C. at D. by( ) 2. - How do you improve you English? - By . A.read and speak B.to read and to speak C.reading and speaking D.reading and speak( ) 3. Did you find very interesting to play football? A. this B.its C. that D. it( ) 4. -Many students dont know how to _ stress. -I think theyd better ask their teachers for help. A. argue with B. deal with C. quarrel with D. come up with( ) 5. The sports meeting will continue it rains this afternoon. A. but B. since C. as soon as D.unless( ) 6. _ it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the beach. A.If B. Although C. Unless D. Because ( ) 7. The teacher asked Tom a difficult question in class. A. answer B. answering C. to answer D. answered( ) 8. - Our country _ a lot so far . - Yes . I hope it will be even _ . A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better( ) 9.Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying( ) 10. His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in二、同义句转换 1. Why dont you learn English by making flashcards? Why English by making flashcards? 2. I find sleeping well important. I find sleeping well important. I find important well. 3. I dont know how I can use the computer. I dont know use the computer.4、 巩固练习一、选择填空( ) 1. He learnt English by _ English songs. A. listen B. listen to C. listening D. listening to( ) 2. If you practice _ English every morning, you will improve it quickly. A. to read B. reading C. read D. be reading( ) 3. Its Sunday today. What about _ the mountains? A. to climb B. climb C. climbing D. climbed( ) 4. Tom decided _ in China. A. travel B. traveling C. to travel D. traveled ( ) 5. Do you enjoy _ on the Internet? A. surfing B. surf C. to surf D. surfed ( ) 6. She said she had some trouble _ her homework. A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished( ) 7. Do you find this book _? A. frustrate B. frustrating C. frustrated D. frustration( ) 8. Can you tell me the best way _ the problem? A. solve B. solved C. to solve D. solving ( ) 9. Jenny does not know where _ on National Day. A. to go B. going C. goes D. will go( ) 10. I spend some time _ newspaper every day. A. read B. reading C. to read D. on read( ) 11. _ you work harder ,you will not pass the examination . =If you dont work harder ,you will not pass the examinationA. Until B .If C. Till D. Unless ( ) 12. There is _milk in the bottle. Lets go to buy some. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few( ) 13. I spent half an hour _ my homework . A. finish doing B. to finish doing C. finishing to do D. finishing doing 5、 拓展训练一、选择填空( ) 1. At the age of 18 he began to work_ a teacher in a country school. A. as B. by C. in D. at( ) 2. Have you decided which coat_? A. choose B. choosing C. chosen D. to choose ( ) 3. I read very slowly. I cant spell some English words, _. A. also B. either C. but ( ) 4. Lucy thinks that _ English movies isnt a good way. A. watch B. watched C. watching ( ) 5. At first they hated each other ,but they ended up _ on very well .A. get B. got C. getting D. to get二、完型填空 ALast year my English class was _1_for me. First of all, it wasnt easy for me to understand the teacher when she _2_to the class. To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldnt _3_every word. Later on, I realized it doesnt matter if you dont understand every word, _4_ I was afraid to speak in class because I thought my classmates might laugh _5_me. I couldnt always make complete sentences, either. Then I started to _6_ English-language TV. It helped a lot. I think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of _7_a good language learner. Another thing that I found very difficult was English _8_. So I decided to take lots of grammar notes in every class.( )1. A. lucky B. happy C. difficult D. great.( )2. A. talked B. talk C. sing D. sang( )3. A. think B. believe C. forget D. understand( )4. A. either B. neither C. also D. too( )5. A. to B. with C. at D. i