KJ05食物与健康双语课件.ppt

Foodbornediseasesandfoodpoisoning JiWeidongDepartmentofPreventiveMedicineGuangzhouMedicalCollege FoodbornediseasesDefinitionClassificationPreventionFoodpoisoningDefinition characteristicandclassificationCommonfoodpoisoningInvestigationandtreatmentoffoodpoisoning foodbornediseases DefinitionFoodbornediseasesareillnessescausedbycontaminationoffoodwithpathogens Thesediseasesareusuallyeitherinfectiousortoxicinnature Everypersonisatriskoffoodbornediseases Foodbornediseasesoutbreak twoormorecasesofasimilarillnessresultingfromingestionofacommonfood foodbornediseasesaregenerallyclassifiedintotwomaincategories foodborneinfections 感染型食源性疾病 foodborneintoxications 中毒型食源性疾病 FoodborneInfectionsoccurasaconsequenceofgrowthofthepathogeninthehumanbody pathogensincludedtheviruses parasites andinvasivebacteriainthisgroupFoodborneIntoxicationsarecausedbytoxinsortoxinsproducedbyorganismswhichhavegrowntosufficientnumbersinthefoodproduct Pathogensinthisgroupincludedchemicalpoisons shellfishtoxin Fungaltoxinsormycotoxinsandsoon Ingeneral anincubationperiodoffoodborneintoxicationsisshorterthanthatofFoodborneInfections ClassificationofFoodborneCausativeAgents BiologicalpathogensChemicalagentsPhysicalagents Biologicalpathogens BacteriaandbacterialtoxinsViruses HepatitisA Norwalkvirus Mycotoxins 真菌毒素 Parasites larva oreggs BacteriaandBacterialtoxins BacteriaandBacterialtoxinsaremostcommoncauseoffoodbornediseases Therearethousandsofdifferentstrainsofbacteriathatcancausefoodbornediseases fewerthan50to100areresponsibleformostoftheillnessessuchasSalmonella 沙门氏菌 V parahaemolyticus 副溶血弧菌 EnteropathogenicE coli 致病性大肠埃希菌 Clostridiumbotulinum 肉毒梭菌 Shapes0fMajorPathogenicBacteria Salmonella沙门氏杆菌 EnteropathogenicE coli致病性大肠杆菌 V Parahaemolyticus副溶血性弧菌 Staphylococcusaureus金黄色葡萄球菌 Clostridiumbotulinum肉毒杆菌 Listeria李斯特菌 bacterialflagella Viruses NotcompletecellsanddonotreproduceinfoodCanbetransmittedbyfoodandfood contactsurfacesCancauseseriousillnesssuchasHepatitisAContaminatefoodthroughpoorpersonalhygiene contaminatedwaterorthroughshellfish Mycotoxins Mycotoxinsaretoxicmetabolitesproducedbymolds 霉菌 Molds usuallymicroscopic coloniescanbeenseenasfuzzygrowthsMorethan200kindsofmycotoxinsarefoundinenvironment Aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素 isacommonfoodpollutantofmycotoxins AflatoxincausedbyAspergillus 曲霉菌 TheaflatoxinsareagroupofstructurallyrelatedtoxiccompoundsproducedbycertainstrainsofthefungiAspergillusflavusandA parasiticus Underfavorableconditionsoftemperatureandhumidity thesefungigrowoncertainfoodsandfeeds resultingintheproductionofaflatoxins Parasites Parasitesaremicro organismsthatneedahosttosurviveParasitescancausefoodborneverminosis 食源性寄生虫病 andzoonosis 人畜共患疾病 suchas Trichinosis 旋毛虫病 taeniasissolium 猪带绦虫病 clonorchiasis 华支睾吸虫病 Chemicalagents Pesticides insecticide fungicide herbicide plantgrowthregulatorsandsoon Toxicmetals mercury cadmium leadandsoon Foodadditives preservative colour sweetenerandsoon Physicalagents Radioactivecontaminantsglassfragments bonechips SituationofFoodbornediseases Foodbornediseasesareawidespreadandgrowingpublichealthproblem bothindevelopedanddevelopingcountries Morethan200knowndiseasesaretransmittedthroughfood Thecausesincludeviruses bacteria parasites toxins metals Symptomsofillnessrangefromgastroenteritistoneurologic hepatic andrenalsyndromes Preventionoffoodbornediseases Tocarryout Itisthemainlawbasis ToimplementGoodManufacturingPractice GMP HazardAnalysisCriticalControlPoint HACCP system GoodManufacturingPractices GMP Theseentailtheprocessingconditionsandproceduresthathavebeenproventodeliverconsistentqualityandsafetybasedonlongexperience HazardAnalysisCriticalControlPoints HACCP 危害分析临界控制点 Whiletraditionalsafetyassuranceprogrammesfocusedonidentifyingproblemsinthefinishedproduct HACCP arecentproactivetechnique focusesonidentifyingpotentialproblemsandcontrollingthemduringthedesignandtheproductionprocessitself ToreducefoodcontaminationTorequirestrictpersonalhygiene avoidfoodhandlerstransferringfoodbornediseases Trainingandeducation educationprogrammesintheprinciplesoffoodsafetyandhygienichandlingoffoods Foodpoisoning Thedefinition characteristicandclassificationCommonfoodpoisoningInvestigationandtreatmentoffoodpoisoning Definition FoodpoisoningreferstoanacutenoninfectiousillnesscausedbyingestionoffoodcontaminatedbyBiologicalpathogens bacteria fungi bacterialtoxins harmfulchemicalsubstances ornaturalpoisons Itischaracterizedbyashortincubationperiod Thesymptoms varyingindegreeandcombination includeabdominalpain vomiting diarrhea headache andprostration moreseriouscasescanresultinlife threateningneurologic hepatic andrenalsyndromes Characteristics Ashortincubationperiod showingoutbreakPatientshavesimilarsymptomsThereareadefiniterelationshipsbetweenpatientsandakindoffoodNoinfectivity Classifications BacteriafoodpoisoningFungiandmycotoxinsfoodpoisoningAnimalandplantfoodpoisoningChemicalfoodpoisoning Commonfoodpoisoning BacteriafoodpoisoningSalmonellafoodpoisoningV parahaemolyticusfoodpoisoningStaphylococcusfoodpoisoningClostridiumbotulinumfoodpoisoningEnteropathogenicE colifoodpoisoningToxicanimalsandplantsfoodpoisoningGlobefishpoisoningToxicmushroompoisoning Bacteriafoodpoisoningpathogenesis Multiply Infectiontype Bacteriaendotoxin Toxintype enterotoxin Mixedtype Bacteriaenterotoxin Bacteria Commonbacteriafoodpoisoning Globefishpoisoning Tetrodotoxin 河豚毒素 TTX isaverypotentneurotoxinItisoneofthedeadliestnaturaltoxinsTTXisnotdestroyedbywashing cooking orotherfoodpreparation Itconcentratesinovary andliver Globefish Globefish Symptoms Itoccurrapidly 10Min 3h afteringestionweakness dizziness nausea lossofreflexes severehypotensiongeneralparalysis Death Mushroompoisoningsaregenerallyacuteavarietyofsymptomsandprognoses Highmortalityrate Mushroompoisoning Therearefourcategoriesofmushroomtoxins gastrointestinalirritantsneurotoxinsdisulfiram liketoxins 双硫仑样毒素 protoplasmicpoisons 原浆毒 墨汁鬼伞 毒紅菇 1 胃肠毒型 Acutegastroenteritis 毒蝇伞 2 神经精神型 斑褶菇 裸盖菇 neurologicalsymptoms 鹿花菌 3 溶血型 hemolyticsymptoms 褐磷小伞 磷柄白毒伞 4 脏器损害型 白毒伞 Treatmentofpatient EliminaterapidlytoxinsSymptomatictreatmentSpecifictherapeuticmeasure Investigationandtreatmentoffoodpoisoning Investigatio