M3U2--Grammar终稿1.ppt

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句 NounClauses 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组 它在复合句中能担任主语 宾语 表语 同位语 介词宾语等 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能 名词从句又可分别称为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 名词从句 I 名词从句的种类Thattheearthisroundisafact MrsBlackwon tbelievethathersonhasbecomeathief Myideaisthatweshoulddoitrightnow Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 连接词 when where why how because that whether asif asthough if不引导表语从句 连接代词 who whom whose which what 连接副词 NounClausesintroducedbyquestionwords Wecanusethefollowingquestionwordstointroducenounclauses what which who whom whose when where whyandhow Weuseaquestionwordtointroduceanounclausewhentheclauseisawh question Theclausecanfunctionasthesubject objectorpredicativeofthesentence Attention Wechangethewordorderinaclauseafteraquestionwordintothatofastatement 2 Wecannotleaveoutthequestionwordsinnounclausesinanycases II Tellthefunctionofthefollowingsentences a subjectb objectc predicatived appositive 1 ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomany 2 Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing 3 SomepeoplefeelthatWalesisanancientfairyland 4 Thathewillcomeiscertain 5 Theyrealizethatitisofgreatvaluetorecordandteachthemtotheyoungergeneration 6 Whyhediditwasn tquiteclear d c b b a a 1 同位语从句的格式 2 能接同位语从句的名词有 3 连接词通常是that 也可根据含义选用 名词 连接词 从句 Whether what when where等来引导同位语从句 fact idea news order belief suggestion advice information等 1 Ihavenoidea hecomesfrom 2 Hecan tanswerthequestion hegotthemoney 3 Hegaveusmanysuggestions weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise 4 Ihavenodoubt hewillwin 5 Ihavesomedoubt hewillwin where how that that whether that whether where how 分析下列宾语从句中的连词 Idon tdoubt that youwillsucceed Idon tknowwhether ifhewillcometonight Idoubtif whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise 3个句子中的连词that whether if 是否 在名词性从句中只起连接作用 在句中不担任成分 被称为连接词注意 a that本身无意义 在宾语从句中可以省略 但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略 b whether和if有是否的意义 在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换 但whether可以用于所有的四种名词性从句 而if仅可以用于宾语从句 引导名词从句的关联词 连接词 EmptysubjectitWecanuseitasanemptysubjectA whenweuseanounclauseasthesubjectofasentence correct ThatwewouldnotbeabletounderstandOldEnglishtodayiscertain b correct WhetherEnglishwillcontinuechanginginthefutureiseasytoanswer c correct Whenweusecertainwordsdependsonthestyleofwriting preferable ItiscertainthatwewouldnotbeabletounderstandOldEnglishtoday preferable ItiseasytoanswerwhetherEnglishwillcontinuechanginginthefuture preferable Itdependsonthestyleofwritingwhenweusecertainwords It作形式主语的句型 It be adj true certain possible obvious likely that 2 It be nounphrase nowonder anhonour apity that 3 It be pastparticiple said reported expected announced that 4 It seems appears happensthat 5 Itdoesn tmatterthat C Whenthesubjectisav ingform correct Itisdifficulttostopsmoking Weusuallyusetheemptysubjectitwithaclauseorto infinitive preferable butwiththev ingformweprefertherealsubjectatthebeginning Tip preferable Smokingisdifficulttostop B Whenthesubjectisato infinitive correct Tomasteraforeignlanguageishard preferable Itishardtomasteraforeignlanguage 2 Itcanalsobeusedbeforeseem appear happen chance turnoutandproveastheemptysubjectofasentence a Heseemstospeaktwolanguages b Mynewneighbourhappenstocomefrommyhometown Itseemsthathespeakstwolanguages Ithappensthatmynewneighbourcomesfrommyhometown 3 Wecanemphasizethesubject object oradverbialinasentencebyusingit be theword phraseyouemphasize aclauseintroducedbythatorwho a Itwaslastnight notanyothertime thatIreadaboutthehistoryofEnglish Ifwedonotemphasizeanything thesentencecanbe IreadaboutthehistoryofEnglishlastnight 一 名词性从句的语序 1 名词性从句构成有两种 a that 陈述句 Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall Thisiswhatwearelookingfor 名词性从句考点归纳 b 疑问词 句子的剩余成分 陈述句语序 二 名词性从句连接词的选用 1 that和what的选用 that和what都可引导所有的名词从句 但是 what除起连接作用外 还在名词性从句中充当成分 可做从句的主语 宾语 或表语 而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分 只起连接作用 that what 1 hewantsisabook 2 hewantstogothereisobvious 3 Theresultis wewonthegame 4 Thisis wewanttoknow 5 Is hetoldustrue 6 Weshouldpayattentionto theteacherissaying 7 Ihavenodoubt hewillcome 8 Ihavenoidea hedidthatafternoon What That that what what what that what a 主语从句b 表语从句c 同位语从句e 介词后的宾语从句f whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo gwhetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if if和whether的选用 不能使用if的情况 1 Iaskedher shehadabike 2 wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather 3 We reworriedabout heissafe 4 Idon tknow heiswellornot 5 Idon tknow ornotheiswell 6 Thequestionis heshoulddoit 7 Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion theoldmanwillrecoversoon 8 Idon tknow togo if whether Whether whether whether whether whether whether whether if whether doubt 怀疑 后接并与从句时whether if that的用法 1 主句为肯定句时 whether和if都可以 Idoubtwhether ifitisrightorwrong 2 主句为否定句或疑问句时 只可用that Doyoudoubtthathewillcomesoon Idonotdoubtthathewillcomesoon Ihavenodoubtthathewillcomesoon 3 主句为肯定句用that时 其意为 认为未必可能 例如 Idoubtthathewillcome 我认为他未必会来 其它连接代词和副词的连用 主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义 正确的选择who which when where why how等连接词 这些连接词既具有疑问含义 又起连接作用 同时在从句中充当各种成分 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定 weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided 我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃 Idon tknow broketheglassyesterday 我不知道他长的什么样子 Ihavenoidea helookslike 这就是我忘记眼镜的地方 Thisis Ileftmyglasses When who what where that可省略的情况 that不可省略的情况 主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略 3 引导词that的省略 单个宾语从句中的that可省略 1 Idon tthink sheiscoming 2 Itisapity hehasmadesuchamistake 3 Thereasonis heiscareless 4 Thenews ourteamwonthematchinspiredus 5 Idon tthinkitnecessary youshouldreadEnglishaloud 6 Hetoldme hisfatherhaddiedand hehadtomakealivingalone that that that that that that that that that 1 定语从句是先行词的修饰语 它不涉及先行词的具体内容 定语从句中that不但起连接作用 而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分 充当从句的宾语成分时可省略 2 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明 表明中心词的具体内容 引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分 只起连接作用 无具体含义 且不可省略 4 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 1 Weexpressedthehope thattheyhadexpressed 2 WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain 1 Theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity 2 Theinformation thathetalkedaboutatthemeeting isofgreatvalue AT AP AP AT AttributiveorAppositive 1 Thereason wedidn ttrusthim is hehasoftenlied 2 Thereason hegaveforhisabsence is hewasill reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导 不能用why引导 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why引导 也可用that 在表语从句中 我们还须特别注意以下问题 why that that that HegavemeasuggestionthatI should becalmnow 名词demand suggestion proposal advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气 结构为should do should可省略 a 他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的 Hebelieves b 请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么 Pleasetellme hisdreamwillcometruesomeday whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday 宾语从句的时态呼应 1 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时 从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备 Hetoldme 他说他已离开家乡十年了 Hetoldme 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的 Theteachertoldus hewaspreparingfortheexamination hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears lighttravelsinastraightline 2 如果主句谓语是过去时 从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态 但从句表达的是客观事实 真理 自然规律等时 从句谓语通常用一般现在时 Practice 1 Itnowappears theyareinneedofhelp A thatB whichC whatD how2 Itisgoodnews theywillarriveinafewdays A whichB whatC thatD how3 It Joedrivesbadly A thoughtthatB thinksthatC isthoughtthatD isthoughtthat4 It heislateforclass A maythatB mightthatC maybethatD mightbewhat5 Thisis shewasborn A whereB whichC thatD what6 Thequestionis wecan tgotheretoday A thatB whatC whichD when 7 Thequestionis itisworthdoing A ifB whetherC whichD what8 Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis hehasneverwastedhistime A becauseB whyC thatD what9 Mysuggestionis weshouldturnthelandintoricefields A whatB thatC whichD where10 Hisproposalisthatthedam atthefootofthemountain A buildB willbuildC bebuiltD willbebuilt11 Myadviceisthathe regularhouse A keepB wouldkeepC keepsD kept12 knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit A WhothatB WhoeverC WhomthatD Thatwho 7 Thequestionis itisworthdoing A ifB whetherC whichD what8 Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis hehasneverwastedhistime A becauseB whyC thatD what9 Mysuggestionis weshouldturnthelandintoricefields A whatB thatC whichD where10 Hisproposalisthatthedam atthefootofthemountain A buildB willbuildC bebuiltD willbebuilt11 Myadviceisthathe regularhouse A keepB wouldkeepC keepsD kept12 knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit A WhothatB WhoeverC WhomthatD Thatwho 13 Weallknowthetruth theearthgoesroundthesun A thatB whichC whatD whether14 Weheardthenews ourteamhadwon A whichB thatC whatD where15 Theproblem itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided A whichB thatC whetherD if16 Youmustdowell theteacherasksyoutodo A whichB whatC thatD where Answers 1 Itnowappears theyareinneedofhelp A thatB whichC whatD how2 Itisgoodnews theywillarriveinafewdays A whichB whatC thatD how 3 It Joedrivesbadly A thoughtthatB thinksthatC thoughtthatD