高二英语学习资料.doc

成都名师堂学校高二春季英语学习资料(3)一、Key Points1 range from . to 的意思是从.到.不等；在一定的范围(程度)内变化。Temperatures here range from 10 degree centigrade to 30 degree centigrade. 这里的气温游移于摄氏10度到30度之间。2 all the way 的意思是一直；始终。Jack climbed all the way to the top of the tree. 杰克一直爬到了树顶。All the way back, they talked about films and actors. 回来的路上，他们一直在谈论电影和演员。3 whatever指任何(一切)事或物Talk to me about whatever is troubling you. 跟我说说令你烦恼的事吧。Dont you know that she always succeeds in whatever she tries? 4 Benefit: benefit from 从中受益; for the benefit of 为了某人的利益句型： be of (great / much) benefit to.= be (very) beneficial to 对有利有益benefit sb / sth 使获益The book is of _ benefit _ us. A. great; for B. much; forC. very; beneficial D. great; to5 辨析：demand；require两词均意为“需要，需求”，但demand指大胆地、权威性地要求对方或自己认为有权利向某人提供某物或提出做某事其后不接动名词，可接名词或不定式，被要求人小直接作demand的宾语。require指因有需要或有权要求某物或做某事。含有权威性和公正性的语气。She _ us to go there at once. A. demanded B. hopedC. required D. refused6 freezing: 1). On a freezing night the old man was found dead.2). It is freezing cold outside.3). It was five degrees below freezing.4) The air temperature was now well above freezing.Correcting: Water is a liquid at room temperature and has a relatively high frozen point.7 mass n. (物体的) 质量 the law of conservation of mass 质量守恒定律 n.c crowd; many things or people together块；团；堆 There were masses of dark clouds in the sky. 天空布满团团乌云。 n.c a large quantity or number together大量 There was/were a mass of children in the yard. 在庭院里有很多孩子。 Ive masses of work to do. 我有大量工作要去做。The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _ pictures of them.A.many ofB.masses ofC.the number ofD.a large amount of8a variety of 种种；各种;辨析：kind；sort；type三者都是名词，都有“种类”的意思。kind是指属于同种类的东西，有极相似的特质。sort表示比较笼统、模糊的大体上相似的东西。在实际使用时，两者没有什么区别。type表示“类型”，比较具体、肯定。例如：What sort of book do you want? 你要一本什么样的书?We have bought some new types of planes. 我们买了几种新型飞机。_ to have invited us to the party.A. They will be very kindB. Its very kind for themC. Its very kind of themD. Its very kind that they二、Important Expressions1.The water is being used to / for .2.We should / could .3.What will we do if .?4.If we ., we can .5.It would be better to .6.Can you think of a better way to .?三、Test1. Youd better _ your diet rather than eat the same food all the time. A. vary B. change C. differ D. raise 2. Sentences today _ from 5 or 6 words to 70, with the majority not far from 20. A. wander B. set C. range D. compare3. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 4. None of the servants were _ when Mr. Smith wanted to send a message. A. available B. used C. hired D. employ5. _ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day. A. Several million B. Many millions C. Several millions D. 9Many million6. When you meet a wild wolf at night, youd better make a fire because it is _ to fire. A. afraid B. frightened C. sensitive D. fled7. I borrowed a book _ by John Donne from a good friend last week. I like it very much. A. written B. writing C. to write D. write8. Ive decided to take the job and I _ change my mind. A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. may not9. Do you think he will do me a favor?As far as I know, he is the last one to help others. He _ be prepared to give you a hand, though. A. might B. must C. can D. should10. It is rather cold here. Shall we light a fire?No, we _ because things are to catch fire. A. wont B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt11. I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her._.It was her fault. A. Not at all B. Not possible C. No chance D. No way12. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat13. _ you pass me a pen? Id like to write down the phone number.Sure, here it is. A. Need B. Must C. Could D. Might14. Very loud noise _ make people ill or drive them mad. A. should B. can C. need D. must 15. His ability to learn from observation and experience greatly _ to his success in public life. A. related B. owed C. struck D. contributed16.The nutrients in _ falls into the ocean will quickly become available to other living creatures.A.whicheverB.thatC.whateverD.wherever17.When I opened the door,I found my father sitting in his chair,completely _ a magazine.A.absorbing inB.absorbed inC.absorbing toD.absorbed to18.Nuclear science should be developed to _ the people rather than harm them.A.benefitB.contributeC.protectD.affect四、语法情态动词（二）should ought to shall willwould表“建议”“请求”“意愿”1、should ought toShould 可以表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意 You should learn from each other.注意：也用于说话人对某事的不理解，感到惊讶，意外的情绪，意为“竟然”It is so cold outside. You should wear such a thin shirt.ought to根据某种义务“应当”做某事，语气比should强Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.1、 shall用作情态动词时，用于第二、三人称，表示说活人的意愿，可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意 He shall go first, whether he wants to or not.You shall get a very beautiful gift on your birthday. 在疑问句中，shall用于第一、三人称，表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示 Shall I open the door?2、 Will wouldwill用于各人称，可以表示“意志”或“决心” I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. 在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿 Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium?Would作为will的过去式，可用于各人称，表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”，He promised he would never smoke again.在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时，比用will的气更加婉转 Would you like some more coffee?在日常生活中，学用“I would like to”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意，以使语气婉转 I would like to do Ex.2 first.4、had better意为“最好”- We had better go now . - Yes, we had (wed better/ we had better).Hadnt we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)I think Id better be going. (用于进行时态，表“最好立即”)You had better have done that (用于完成时态，表未完成动作) 5、would rather意为“宁愿”Id rather not say anything./ Would you rather work on a farm?- Wouldnt you rather stay here? - No, I would not. Id rather go there. would rather。 thanI would rather work on a farm than in a factory. I would rather watch TV than go to see the film/would rather+句子（didhad done）(此处为实意动词) Id rather you didnt talk about this to anyone. 练习：1.Lets take a walk, _?A. will we B. dont we C. do we D. shall we2. You are their teacher. You _ care of them.A. should to take B. might to take C. ought to take D. need to take3. As a girl, she _ get up at six every day.A. would B. will C. might D. should4Would you tell me something about the affair?“_”.A. Yes .please B. All right C. Not at all D. I do5. _ you mind my opening the window?Not at all. A. Shall B. Should C. Will D. Would6. You _ pay more attention to your spelling next time.A. would B. should C. will D. shall7. （2008，北京）John promised his doctor he _not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since.A. might B. should C. could D. would8. (2008,上海)According to the air traffic rules, you _switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A. may B. can C. would D. should9. She was greatly shocked at the scene before her eyes. Never did she expect that the local conditions _be so awful.A. could B. might C. should D. would10. these flowers _too often as they grow well in dry soil.A. had better not water B. had not better be watered C. had better not to water D. had better not be watered五、Additional Part 高考重点题型Reading comprehension 体裁：说明文 难度：三星主题：汽车危害健康 阅读时间：_分钟 词数：347+193 正确率：_Three Yale University professors agreed in a discussion that the automobile was what one of them called “ Public Health Enemy No. 1 in this country. Besides polluting the air and overcrowding the cities, cars are involved in more than half the disastrous accidents, and they contribute to heart disease “because we dont walk anywhere anymore, said Dr H. Richard Weinerman, professor of medicine and public health.Speaking of many of these man-made dangers to the automobile, Arthur W. Galston, professor of biology, said it was possible to make s kerosene-burning turbine car that would “lesson smog by a very large factor. But he expressed doubt whether Americans were willing to give up moving about the countryside at 90 miles an hour in a large vehicle. “America seems wedded to the motor car-every family has to have at least two, and one has to be a convertible with 300 horsepower, Professor Galston continued. “Is this the way of life that we choose because we treasure these values?For Professor Sears, part of the blame lies with “a society that regards profit as a supreme value, under the illusion that anything thats technically possible is, therefore, morally justified. Professor Sears also called the countrys dependence on its modern automobiles “terrible economics because of the large horsepower used simply “moving one individual to work. But he admitted that Americans had painted themselves into a comer by allowing the national economy to become so dependent on the automobile industry.“The solution, Dr Weinerman said, “is not to find a less dangerous fuel but a different system of inner-city transportation. Because of the increasing use of cars, public transportation has been allowed to wither and grow worse, so that if you cant walk to where you want to go, you have to have a car in most cities, he declared. This, in turn, Dr Weinerman contened, is responsible for the “ arteriosclerosis(动脉硬化) of public roads, for the pollution of the inner city and for the middle-class movement to the suburbs.1、The main idea of the passage is that _.A. Americans are fond of their cars. B. Public transportation in America is well-developed C. American cars are too fast D. Automobiles endanger health2、It can be inferred from the passage that _.A. people are more interested in fast automobile than their health B. Americans feel more closely tied to their cars than to their wives C. kerosene-burning engines would pollute the environment more than gasoline-burning engines do D. kerosene-burning cars would go faster than gasoline-powered cars3、In Paragraph 3, Professor Sears implies that _.A. technology is always good for people B. Technology is not always good for people C. financial profit is more important than technology advancement for AmericansD. American people care about both environment pollution and technological development4、According to Dr Weinerman, the solution is that _.A. public transportation should be improved so that people can become less dependent upon their cars for inner-city transportation B. people should get rid of their cars and take the bus to work C. one family should own just one car D. A fuel less dangerous than gasoline must be found书面表达经验总结（一）主题句原则阅读英语文章时，我们会发现，每篇文章都有一个中心思想（在英语中通常叫做主旨大意）。一个或几个自然段又有一个段落大意。体现中心思想和段落大意的句子叫做主题句。经典的英语文章（特别是说明文和议论文）都有主题句，主题句通常放在段落的开头或结尾，阐述本段或本章的大意。因此，如果在高考书面表达中写上主题句，评卷老师读起来就会觉得一目了然，对你要表达的主旨更加清楚明了，这对提高分数很有帮助。高分主题句句型突破1、俗话说得好：“诚实为上策。”_2、不用说，早睡早起是值得的。_3、从经济的观点来看，这是一个很复杂的问题。_4、在各种运动中，我尤其喜欢慢跑。_5、时间最珍贵，这是很容易证明的。_6、不可否认的是，成功的事业关键在于健康的身心。_优美短文赏析 The Lesson of the Bamboo TreesWhen I think about the bamboo trees ability to bounce back or return to its original position, the word “resiliencecomes to mind. When used to reference to a person this word means the ability to readily recover from shock, depression or any other situation that stretches the limits of a persons emotions.Have you ever felt like you are about to snap? Have you ever felt like you are at your breaking point? Thankfully, you have survived the experience to live to talk about it.During the experience you probably felt a mix of emotions that threatened your health. You felt emotionally drained, mentally exhausted and you most likely endured unpleasant physical symptoms.Life is a mixture of good times and bad times, happy moments and unhappy moments. T