亨利八世PPT(1).ppt

Henry AbriefintroductionofHenryVIII HenryVIII 28June1491 28January1547 wasKingofEnglandfrom22April1509untilhisdeath HewasalsoLordofIreland laterKingofIreland andclaimanttotheKingdomofFrance HenrywasthesecondmonarchoftheHouseofTudor 都铎王朝 succeedinghisfather HenryVII HenryVIII smarriage CatherineofAragon HenrysoldestbrotherArthurdiedsuddenly Henry sFather renewedhiseffortstosealanalliancebetweenEnglandandSpain byofferingHenry inmarriagetoPrinceArthur swidow CatherineofAragonAllofCatherine schildrendiedexceptPrincessMary Henrybecameimpatient forheneedamaleheir LastHenrydivorcedwithher SecondMarriage AnneBoleyn ThequeengavebirthtoagirlwhowasnamedElizabeth whowouldgoontobecomeoneofthemostfamousleadersinEnglishhistory Annethengavebirthtotwoanotherchildren buttheybothdied SinceHenrystillwantedamaleheir HeslanderedthatAnnecommitadultery 通奸 withsomeone andkilledher TheThirdWife JaneSeymour ShewasoneofQueenAnne sladies in waiting 侍女 Theyweremarried10dayslaterafterAnne sdeath Janegavebirthtoason PrinceEdward KingHenrygotthesonhewanted Butthebirthwasdifficultandthequeendiedatthesameyearfromanpuerperalfever 产褥热 The4thWife AnneofCleves Henrydesiredtomarryonceagaintoensurethesuccession AportraitofAnnewassenttotheking It sbeautiful HoweverafterAnnearrivedinEngland Henryissaidtohavefoundherutterlyunattractive Henrywishedtoannulthemarriageinordertomarryanother ThemarriagewassubsequentlyannulledandAnnereceivedthetitleof TheKing sSister The5th CatherineHoward HenrymarriedthebeautifulyoungCatherineHoward AnneBoleyn scousin Hewasabsolutelydelightedwithhisnewqueen Soonafterhermarriage however twomenwereaccusedofhavingsexualrelationshipswiththequeen Finally Catherinewasexecutedon13February1542 Atthattime shewasonly22 The6thWife CatherineParr Henrymarriedhislastwife CatherineParr ShehelpedreconcileHenrywithhisfirsttwodaughters thePrincessMaryandtheLadyElizabeth Shewasareformer butHenryremainedaconservative 保守主义 Thisbehaviornearlyprovedherundoing butshesavedherselfbyashowofsubmissiveness 服从 ReligionReformationBesideshissixmarriages HenryVIIIisknownforhisroleinthereligionreformation Hewantedtodivorcewiththefirstwife buttheRomanCatholicChurchdisagreeded SoheseparatedChurchofEngland 英国国教 fromRomanCatholicChurch 罗马天主教会 andestablishedhimselfastheSupremeHeadoftheChurchofEngland Hechangedreligiousceremoniesandritualsandsuppressedthemonasteries whileremainingabelieverincoreCatholictheologicalteachings evenafterhisexcommunicationfromtheRomanCatholicChurch Contents 1 In1534 promulgatedtheActofSupremacyandseveredtherelationsbetweenthechurchofEnglandandtheVaticanintheadministrativeandeconomic In1534 颁布 至尊法案 断绝英国教会在行政和经济上与罗马教廷的关系 2 RecognizedthekingassupremeheadofthechurchinEngland andthekinghadtherighttoappointedepiscopate heldinthe Contents churchandreviewtheCanon 规定国为英国最高首脑 拥有任命教职 召开教会 审查教规的权利 3 TopreservetheCatholicchurchhierarchy thedoctrineandritual保留天主教的教阶制度 教义和仪式 4 Henryclosedthemonasteryiesandconfiscatedtheirproperty doulbingthenation srevenues Influence GetridoftheRomanmagisterium scontrol consolidatetheincreasinglypowerfulmonarchy MaketheChristianityasthechurchofEngland thechurchbecamethetoolofthefeudalautocraticrule TheCatholicChurchwasdeprivedofmostofthepropertyfellintothehandsoftheemergingbourgeoisie isconducivetothedevelopmentofcapitalism Moreconservative intheaspectofreligionandtheologywithoutasubstantialchange isnotconducivetothefurtherdevelopmentofcapitalism laterthePuritanmovementappeared TheChildrenofHenryVIII Actually allofHenry schildrendidn thavedescendants 后代 AfterElizabethdied theHouseofTudorended 爱德华三世1327 1377 黑太子爱德华 理查德 爱德华四世1461 1483 爱德蒙 都铎 亨利六世1422 1461 亨利五世1413 1422 亨利四世1399 1413 菲力帕 女 莱昂纳尔 克拉伦斯公爵 罗杰 安妮 女 冈特的约翰 兰开斯特公爵 爱德蒙特 约克公爵 理查德 理查德二世1377 1399 理查德三世1483 1485 亨利七世1485 1509 玛丽一世1553 1558 亨利八世1509 1547 爱德华六世1547 1553 爱德华五世1483 伊丽莎白 伊丽莎白一世1558 1603 Government DuringhisreignEnglandwasstableandprosperous Parliamentdidhavethepowertomakelaws includingtaxlaws althoughthelawshadtohaveroyalapproval Military Henry createdtheRoyalNavy whichbecamethebasisoffutureBritishseapower Henrywasresponsibleforthecreationofapermanentnavy withthesupportinganchoragesanddockyards TheNavymoveawayfrombowandarrowtoemploygunneryinstead Henry sbreakwithRomeCuriaincurredthethreatofalarge scaleFrenchorSpanishinvasion In1538 hebegantobuildachainofexpensive state of the artdefences Evaluation DuringthereignofHenryVIII theBritishsocialeconomicstatus politicalsystem culture thought religionhavegreatchanges Characterappraisal人物评价 ThegreatestimpactonfuturegenerationsofHenrywastheBritishProtestantreformation AlthoughhisoriginalintentionwastosolvetheproblemoftheDynasty 王朝 anditssuccessor andhehadnevergivenuptheessence 本质 oftheCatholic 天主教 faith hisreformwasthemostradical 激进的 anddecisiveoneeversince HenryVIIIwasabrilliantmanofwidel