初中英语人教版八年级下册八下unit1.doc

八年级上Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 学案 Section A 一、学习目标 1、学会谈论过去发生的事件学习一般过去时的用法 2、掌握规则动词的变换规则 3、熟记一些常用的不规则动词 4、一般过去时的特殊疑问句及答语。二、学习重点难点 1,、复习一般过去时态的构成及用法； 2、进一步学习一般过去时态特殊疑问句及答语。三、课前预习（5分钟） 1、试一试你能写出下列各词的过去式吗？stay_ do_ stop_ play_ is_ go_ buy_ have _like_ visit_ are_ carry_draw _swim _ study _bring _begin _ learn _get _sleep _lie（躺）_enjoy _ 2、快乐译一译stay at home_ go to summer camp_go to New York city_ go to the mountains_visit my uncle_ go to the beach_ visit museums _ go with someone_ go out with someone _ _go to central park_go to New York city_ buy something special_ _ study for_meet someone interesting_ do something interesting _ 3、考考你的迁移能力 Lucy usually_to school early. But today she _to school late. (go) 一What_you_(do) on your vacation last year?-We_(play) on the beach. I_ (call) you just now. But there_ (be) no answer.Where _you(study) at home las night? 一No, I_(help)my mother_(clean) the room. The students of Class One go to see the old woman _ (one) a month. 4、 回答问题、How was your summer vacation ?、Where did you go on vacation? 、Who did you go there with ?、What did you do there ? 5. 读一读，背一背 Long time no see.好久不见（2d）。用于口语中，是老朋友之间的客套语。visit是及物动词，意为“拜访；探望”,后接表示人的名词或代词。visit还可以意为“参观；游览”，后接表示地点的名词 拓展：visitor意为“参观者；游客”。 buy及物动词，意为“买；购买”。其过去式为_ 。 buy sth. for sb.=buy sb. sth. 意为“给某人买某物”。My uncle_ _a bike.= My uncle_ _for me. 辨析：anywhere与somewhere anywhere意为“在任何地方”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。 eg:I cant find it anywhere. somewhere意为“在某处；到某处”，常用于肯定句中。 eg:I lost my key somewhere near here. .辨析： few /a few 几乎没有/有几个, little/a little没有/有点.few/a few修饰可数名词，little/a little修饰不可数名词；few little表示否定，a few/a little表示肯定。take photos 照相，拍照片。.Bye for now.用于新建的结束语 “到此为止吧”.feed 喂养 过去式（fed）常见词组：feed on“以为食” feedto. “把喂” seem + 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold I seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像；似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好像，似乎. It seems like a god idea. 、too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。 We have too much work to do. Dont talk too much.much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。 The hat is much too big for me. Youre walking much too fast.分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。nothingmuchtodo意为“没什么事可做三、合作探究 （10分钟）探究一、语法：一般过去时态的运用1.带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时如： two days ago last year in the old days just now when I was 8 years old yesterday 2 表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died.那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。3 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作常与 always，never 等连用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。巩固练习，I.用动词的适当形式填空：.Tom and Mary _ (come) to China last month.Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night. So I_(get ) up late.Mary _ (read) English yesterday morning.There _ (be) no one here a moment ago.I _ (call) Mike this morning.I listened but _ (hear) nothing.Tom _ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.Last week we _ (pick) many apples on the farm. My mother _ (not do) housework yesterday.She watches TV every evening. But she _ (not watch) TV last night.II、用括号内动词的正确形式填空 Last year Mr. Smith _ (go ) to China and Japan. He _ (have) a wonderful time. He _ (do) a lot of different things and _ (talk) to a great number of different people. He _ (eat) Chinese and Japanese food and _ (visit) a lot of interesting places. When he _ (go) back to England, he _ (be) very tired. 探究二、英语中的动词分类首先，动词有第三人称单数、原形、过去式、过去分词、现在分词、不定式等不同的形式变化，用法上各司其职。另外动词家族通常也划分成四个类别。 （1）行为动词。多表示动作、行为，有及物与不及物动词（vt与vi）之分，其作用特征是能够独立充当谓语。如： We played happily. （vi）They are playing tennis.（vt）（2）连系动词。表 示事物的特征、状态变化的过程等。可组成一类句子，名叫“主+系+表”，可将其归为三类。 表示状态的，如be（是），seem, stay, keep等。如： We are in Grade 7. 表示对事物的分析过程，可译为“起来”。像feel, look, sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来）等。如： The meat tastes good. 表示变化的，有“变得”之意。如：become, turn, grow, get, go, come等。如：Soon the man grew angry.（3）助动词。常用的有do, be, have/ has, will/ shall等词，它们无词义，要依靠主要动词，在句中起的作用是： 帮助构成疑问句。如：Does he live in a big city? 帮助构成否定关系。如：We do not go to school on Sunday. 表示时态关系。如： We are studying English. 表示语态关系。如：The e-mail was written by him.（4）情态动词。这类动词另有一定的词义，但也要依赖于主要的动词而存在，它们没有人称及数的变化，它们是can, may, must, need, ought to, dare, had better等。如： As a student, I must work hard.探究三、复合不定代词和不定副词的构成及其用法1.构成：由some, any, no, every分别加上-body, -thing, -one构成的不定代词叫做复合不定代词；加上-where构成副词。2.用法：（1）复合不定代词在句中可以作主语，宾语或表语等。Nobody will listen to him. He wants something to eat.（2）不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。There is nothing wrong with the TV. Everybody likes to be free.（3）some-不定代词，通常用于肯定句中；any-不定代词则多用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。但some-可用于表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定回答时的疑问句中。Someone called on her last week. There isnt anyone else there.Is anybody over there? Could you give me something to eat?（4）形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词要后置。There is something wrong with your eyes.（5）somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere用作副词。Trees turn green and flowers come out everywhere.肯定句somebody=someone某人 something某物 somewhere某地否定句 not any=no anybody= anyone anything anywhere否定意义（没有）nobody= no one nothing/ nowhere everybody=everyone每人 everything每样东西 everywhere每个地方 巩固练习：用不定代词或不定副词填空：1. I cant hear anything = I can hear _.2. There is _ on the floor. Please pick it up.3. Did _ go to play basketball with you ?4. I phoned you last night, but _ answered it.5. I dont think _ telephoned.6. Why dont you ask _ to help you ?7. If you want _ , please let me know.8. Shall we get _ to drink ?9. Dont worry. Theres _ wrong with your ears.10. Theres _ in the box. Its empty.11. Maybe _ put my pencil _. I cant find it _. III、按要求变换句型： I saw a lot of children _ on the playground.（正在打篮球） . Yesterday we went to the park. We had a great time there.（改成近义句） Yesterday we went to the park. We _ _ there. I paid 20 yuan for the new book. （改成近义句） I _ _ _ _ the new book. . My family and I visited some places of interest.（变成疑问句） _ . We did our homework.（变成否定句）五、单项选择。 1. I found a small boy _ in the corner. A. criesB. to cryC. criedD. crying 2. We had great fun _ in the water. A. playingB. playsC. pl