《上、下肢骨》PPT课件.ppt

TheBonesofLimbs 山东大学医学院解剖教研室 Bonesofupperlimbs Composition inlinewithShouldergirdle上肢带骨clavicle锁骨 scapula肩胛骨Bonesoffreeupperlimb自由上肢骨Humerus肱骨inarmRadius桡骨andulna尺骨inforearmCarpalbones腕骨Metacarpalbones掌骨phalangesoffingers指骨 Clavicle锁骨 S shaped medial2 3convexforwardandlateral1 3convexbackwardSternalend胸骨端mediallyandacromialend肩峰端laterally Superiorsurface Inferiorsurface Scapula肩胛骨 ThreebordersSuperior coracoidprocess喙突 scapularnotch肩胛切迹Lateral axillary border腋缘Medial vertebral border脊柱缘ThreeanglesSuperior oppositetothe2ndribInferior oppositetothe7thribor7thintercostalspace肋间隙Lateral glenoidcavity关节盂 肩胛颈supra andinfraglenoidtubercles盂上 下结节TwosurfacesAnteriorsurfaceconcave凹面的 subscapularfossa肩胛下窝Posteriorsurface supraspinousfossa冈上窝andinfraspinousfossa冈下窝 spineofscapula肩胛冈 acromion肩峰 Humerus肱骨 Upperend headofhumerus肱骨头 anatomicalneck解剖颈 greaterandlessertubercles大 小结节 crestsofgreaterandlessertubercle 大 小结节嵴 intertuberculargroove结节间沟 surgicalneck外科颈Shaft deltoidtuberosity三角肌粗隆onlateralsurface andagrooveforradialnerve桡神经沟onposteriorsurfaceLowerend capitulumofhumerus肱骨小头 trochleaofhumerus肱骨滑车 lateralandmedialepicondyles内 外上髁 coranoidfossa冠突窝andradialfossa桡窝 anteriorly andolecranonfossa鹰嘴窝 posteriorly andsulcusforulnarnerve尺神经沟 Radius Upperend headofradius桡骨头 articularcircumference环状关节面 neckofradius桡骨颈 radialtuberosity桡骨粗隆Shaft前面后面外侧面骨间缘interosseousborder medialborder Lowerend styloidprocess茎突laterally ulnarnotch尺切迹medially andcarpalarticularsurface腕关节面inferiorly Fractureofthedistalendoftheradius Ulnar Upperend trochlearnotch滑车切迹olecranon鹰嘴coronoidprocess冠突radialnotch桡切迹ulnartubersity尺骨粗隆Shaft前面后面内侧面骨间缘interosseousborder lateralborder Lowerendheadofulna尺骨头styloidprocess尺骨茎突 Carpalbones腕骨Proximalrow lateraltomedial scaphoid手舟骨 lunate月骨 triquetral三角骨andpisiform豌豆骨Distalrow lateraltomedial trapezium大多角骨 trapezoid小多角骨 capitate头状骨andhamate钩骨 Metacarpalbones掌骨NumberedonetofivefromthumbtolittlefingerStructureofeach base proximally shaft andhead distally Phalangesoffingers指骨Consistof14 twoforfirstdigit thumb andthreeforeachofotherfourdigitsStructureofeach base proximally shaft andtrochleaofphalanx distally tuberosityofdistalphalanx远节指骨粗隆 BonesofLowerLimb Composition Pelvicgirdle hipbone髋骨Bonesoffreelowerlimb Femur股骨inthigh patella髌骨 Tibia胫骨andfibula腓骨inlegTarsalsbones跗骨 metatarsalbone跖骨phalangesoftoes趾骨infoot Hipbone Consistingofthreefusedbones ilium髂骨 ischium坐骨 pubis耻骨Ilium髂骨Bodyofilium髂骨体toformsuperior2 5ofacetabulum髋臼Alaofilium髂骨翼 iliaccrest髂嵴 anteriorsuperioriliacspine髂前上棘 anteriorinferioriliacspine髂前下棘 tubercleofiliaccrest髂结节 posteriorsuperioriliacspine髂后上棘 posteriorinferioriliacspine髂后下棘 greatersciaticnotch坐骨大切迹 glutealsurface臀面 iliacfossa髂窝 arcuateline弓状线 auricularsurface耳状面 iliactuberosity髂粗隆 Ilium髂骨 Animaginarylinejoiningthehighestpointontheiliaccrestsoverthefourthlumbarspine Ischium坐骨Bodyofischium坐骨体 toformposteriorandinferior2 5ofacetabulum ischialspine坐骨棘 lessersciaticnotch坐骨小切迹Ramusofischium坐骨支 ischialtuberosity坐骨结节Pubis耻骨Bodyofpubis耻骨体 toformanteriorandinferior1 5ofacetabulum iliopubiceminence髂耻隆起Superiorramusofpubis耻骨上支 pectenofpubis耻骨梳 pubictubercle耻骨结节 symphysialsurface耻骨联合面 pubiccrest耻骨嵴Inferiorramusofpubis耻骨下支 obturatorforamen闭孔Acetabulum髋臼 formedbybodiesofischium iliumandpubisLunatesurface月状面 acetabularfossa髋臼窝 acetabularnotch髋臼切迹 Femur股骨 Upperend femoralhead股骨头 foveaoffemoralhead股骨头凹 neckoffemur股骨颈 greatertrochanter大转子 lessertrochanter小转子 转子窝intertrochantericline转子间线 intertrochantericcrest转子间嵴Shaft lineaaspera粗线 glutealtuberosity臀肌粗隆 pectinealline耻骨肌线 poplitealsurface腘面Lowerend medialandlateralcondyles内 外侧髁 medialandlateralepicondyles内 外上髁 adductortubercle收肌结节 intercondylarfossa髁间窝 patellarsurface髌面 Fractureofthefemoralneck Patella髌骨 Triangularsesamoidbone Tibia胫骨 Upperend medialandlateralcondyles内 外侧髁 intercondylareminence髁间隆起 fibulararticularsurface腓关节面 tuberosityoftibia胫骨粗隆Shaft 外侧面内侧面后面interosseousborder骨间缘 外侧缘 solealline比目鱼肌线Lowerend fibularnotch腓切迹 medialmalleolus内踝 Fibula腓骨 Upperend fibularhead腓骨头 neckoffibula腓骨颈Shaft interosseousborder骨间缘 内侧缘 Lowerend lateralmalleolus外踝 内侧嵴 前缘 Tarsalbones跗骨 ConsistofsevenshortbonesarrangedinthreerowPosteriorrow talus距骨 calcaneus跟骨Intermediaterow navicularbone足舟骨Anteriorrow medial intermediate andlateralcuneiformbone内侧 中间和外侧楔骨 cuboidbone骰骨 Metatarsalbones跖骨 numberedonetofivemedialtolateralStructureofeach base proximally shaft andhead distally ineachPhalangesoftoes趾骨Consistof14 twoforfirsttoe hallux andthreeforeachofotherfourtoes Surfacelandmarks phalanxtrochleaoftalus距骨滑车 calcanealtuberosity跟骨结节 tuberosityofnavicularbone舟骨粗隆 andtuberosityoffifthmetatarsalbone第五跖骨粗隆 Teachingoutline 1 Masterthecompositionandarrangementoftheappendicularskeletonoftheupperlimb 2 Mastertheshapeofclavicle scapular humerus radius ulnar 3 Masterthecompositionofbonesofhand thearrangementofthecarpalbones 4 Masterthesurfacelandmarksofthebonesoftheupperlimb spineofscapular inferiorangleofscapula acromion clavicle greatertubercleofhumerus lateralandmedialepicondylesofhumerus headofradius olecranon styloidprocessofradiusandulna 5 Masterthecompositionandarrangementoftheappendicularskeletonofthelowerlimb 6 Mastertheshapeofthehipbone theshapeofthefemur tibia fibula 7 Masterthecompositionofthebonesoffoot thearrangementofthetarsalbones 8 Masterthesurfacelandmarksofthebonesofthe