高三英语语法总复习-动词不定式.ppt

TheInfinitive 不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式 主 表 宾 补 定和状 样样成分都能干 只有谓语它不敢 大家千万要当心 有时它把句型改 作主宾时用 it 自己在后把身藏 七个感官三使役 宾补要把to甩开 疑问词后接上它 宾语从句可充当 逻辑主语不定式 不定式前forsb to前not是否定 各种用法区别开 TheInfinitive subject object predictive attribute adverbial complement Todothatsortofthingisfoolish Itisfoolishtodothatsortofthing Iwanttoseeyouthisevening Allyouhavetodois to finishitquickly Wefoundahousetolivein ShecameheretostudyEnglish Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfoodaftertheoperation Heliftedastoneonlytodropitonhisownfeet Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews Itseemstobeveryhappy Itappearstobeveryangry 2 InfinitiveasPredictive 表语 Predictive Predictive Makesentencesfromthetable 3 object 宾语 一些动词要用不定式作宾语 常见的动词有want hope wish ask choose decide expect manage offer promise refuse seek try pretend learn afford need等 Hehoped wished expectedtogoabroad Hepromisedtobuymeacomputer 一些动词要用wh 疑问词 不定式作宾语 常见的动词有decide know learn wonder understand findout remember see等whattodo howtodoit Idon tknowwho m toask invite whentostopwheretogo 不定式一般不能作介词的宾语 只有在极少数介词如 but except等后才行 此时不定式可带to或不带to Wehavenochoicebuttowaitoutside Theycoulddonothingbutaskforhelp 4 不定式短语作宾语补足语例 Theteacheraskedmetodoitagain 老师叫我再做一次 不定式短语todoit作宾语me的补足语 Iwillinvitehimtoplayandhavedinnerwithme 宾补 InfinitiveasObjectComplement Objectcomplement Rewritethesentences usingthewordsgiventoyou 1 Whydon tyouplaytheroleofqueenintheplay Iencouragedher2 Don tforgettowearyourgloves It sfreezing Iremindedher3 Youcan ttaketheboxoftreasureaway Ididnotallowher4 Whycan ttheysingsomewell knownsongs I dpreferthem5 Doyouwanttounderstandthepoem I llhelpyou Ihelpedhim toplaytheroleofqueenintheplay towearherglovesasitwasfreezing totaketheboxoftreasureaway tosingsomewell knownsongs to understandthepoem TheInfinitiveasobjectComplement 英语中有些及物动词要跟复合宾语 宾 宾补 如allow encourage expect help prefer等带不定式作宾补 e g Yourparentsdon tallowyoutoplaythecomputer TeachersencouragedstudentstospeakinEnglish 1 2 Tohelpeachotherisgood Itisgoodtohelpeachother 互相帮助是好的 例1 Tohelpeachotherisgood Itisgoodtohelpeachother 互相帮助是好的 例2 Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim 我发现了解他很困难 不定式短语tounderstandhim作真正宾语 it是形式宾语 HefounditimportanttostudyRussian Thecomputermakesitpossibletocalculatefaster 不定式在七个感官动词see hear feel watch find notice listento 三个使役动词let have make等后作宾补时 to要省略 如例1 Now letmego go前省掉了to 例2 Isawherrunintotheclassroom run前的to省掉了 比较Shewasseentorunintotheclassroom 例1 Thefarmersdidn tknowwhattodo Thefarmersdidn tknowwhattheyshoulddo 例2 Pleasetellmehowtogettothezoo PleasetellmehowIcangettothezoo adverbial 状语 1 表示目的 not to not inorderto soas not to Weeattoliveanddon tlivetoeat 2 表示结果 so such asto enoughto too to onlyto他这么傻竟相信了这事 Hewassofoolishastobelieveit Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit Heistooyoungtojointhearmy 另外only常用在不定式的前面 表示出人意料的结果 如 Wearrivedthereonlytofindthetraingone Hereturnedhomeonlytofindhishousebrokeninto 不定式中作结果状语的注意点 1 某些形容词在 too to 结构中表示肯定 这类词是 anxious eager glad ready surprised willing Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas 2 在not never only all but等后的 too to 结构中 too 的含义为 very 不定式没有否定含义 I monlytoogladtostayathome It snevertoooldtolearn 3 表示原因 a 不定式也可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语 说明产生这种情况的原因 常见的形容词有 sorry surprised happy glad eager angry foolish right wrong slow quick rude cruel disappointed等 I mglad pleasedtoseeyou Weweresurprisedtohearthenews 6 不定式短语作定语例1 Isthisthebestwaytohelphim 这是帮他的最好办法吗 不定式短语tohelphim作way的后置定语 例2 Heisthemantodependon 他是可以依靠的人 不定式短语todependon作man的后置定语 注意 不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系 如果不定式是不及物动词 则后面需有适当的介词 attribute 定语 不定式及其短语作定语只能放在名词的后面 以下名词和句型常用不定式作定语 如 chance way opportunity time thefirst thelast thesecond theonly等词后 在havetodo和therebe句型中 e g 没有人可以照看他 Thereisnoonetotakecareofher 只有五种式样可供选择 Thereareonlyfivepairstochoosefrom 不定式在以下形容词后 easy difficult hard heavy light cheap expensive good nice safe dangerous important interesting pleasant im possible fun等 Thisquestionisdifficult answer Doyouthinkhimeasy work with 这时用主动形式表被动意思 Itisbeautifulmusictoenjoy 定语 InfinitiveasAttribute Attribute Combinethesesentences1 Shethoughtofthisideafirst Shewasthefirstperson 2 Weneedtoweightheflesh Let sfindsomething 3 Isthereanythingyouwishtosay Whatdoyouhave 4 Thatwillbetheonlythingwehavetodonow Thatwillbetheonlything Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea Let sfindsomethingtoweightheflesh Whatdoyouhavetosay Thatwillbetheonlythingtodo 不定式的逻辑主语 在不定式前加for of sb 如 例1 ItisimportantforustostudyEnglish 例2 Itisniceofyoutohelpme 不定式的否定形式只要在to前加not 如 例1 I lltrynottobelate 例2 Tellhimnottomakeanynoise 不定式作独立成分 Totell you thetruth hedoesn tagreewithyou Tobeginwith Beijingisaverybeautifulcity Weweresurprisedtohearthenews 2 Wehavetogetupearlytocatchthefirsttrain 3 Heisconsideredtobeagreatscientist 4 Toseeistobelieve 5 Ihavealotofwordstosay 6 It simpossibleforhimtogoalone 7 Shepromisedtomakenomistakesatall 8 Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim 9 Tocatchthetrain we dbetterhurrytothestationbytaxi Thetenseandvoiceoftheinfinitive 1 Iwanttotellhimaboutit 2 Iwanttobetoldaboutit 5 Sheseemstohaveknownthetruth ActiveVoice PassiveVoice IndefiniteTense Perfecttense 4 Sheseemstobesleeping Continuoustense 3 Sheseemstobesleepy Thetenseandvoiceoftheinfinitive 动词不定式省略to的情况归纳 1当动词不定式作宾语补足语时 如动词是make let have或lookat see watch observe hear listento feel 等 不定式不带to 2 在下列结构后hadbetter wouldrather wouldrather than cannotbut 不得不 必然 不能不 can thelpbut等 3 Why 或whynot 表建议 4 在介词but except之后 如果其前有实义动词do的某种形式 不定式不带to 反之须带to 5不定时作表语时 如果解释do的具体内容时 to可以省去 6动词help或help 宾语之后 可用带to的不定式 也可用不带to的不定式 但在help 宾语 不定式结构中 如果用不带to的不定式 表示主语参与了不定式所表示的动作 如果用带to的不定式 表示主语没有参与不定时所表示的动作 1 Didyounoticeanyonecomein 2 Imustapologizefornotlettingyouknowaheadoftime 3 Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry todayhewasmadetocrybyhissister 4 Icannotbutagree 5 Ican thelpbutfeelsorryforTom 6 Whynothaveatryagain 7 Whyspendsomuchmoney 8 Thenithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep 9 Thereisnothingtodoexceptwaittillitstopsraining 10 Thefirstthingshedidwasgouptohertrainerandthankforallherhelpduringthetraining 11 Willyouhelpme to repairthisbike 1 Heaskedmetohelphimrepairhisradio butIdon tknow todoitB howtoC whattodoitD howtodo2 Hisvoicemademe terrible TofeelB feelC feelsD felt3 Myparentstoldme peoplewhentheyareintrouble neverlaughatB nottolaughatdon tlaughatD notlaughat4 It sbadmanners rudetopeople tobeB areC beD tobeing5 It sinteresting ustotakepartinthegames A ofB toC forD at 6 Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier itmoredifficult AnotmakeBnottomakeCnotmakingDdonotmake7 I veworkedwithchildrenbefore soIknowwhat inmynewjob A expectedB toexpectCtobeexpectingDexpects8 Pauldoesn thavetobemade Healwaysworkshard A learnB tolearnC learnedD learning9 Iwouldlove tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport A togoB tohavegoneC goingD havinggone tell discuss know show learn decide wonder explain 10 Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth Sheappears everything 2001年上海 totellB tobetoldC tobetellingD tohavebeentold11 Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple butitremains whethertheywillenjoyit NMET2002 A toseeB tobeseenC seeingD seen 12 CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered thefirstcomputer MET1993 A toinventB inventingC tohaveinventedD havinginvented13 Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas tocarryallthewayhome MET2003 A muchtooheavyB toomuchheavyC heavytoomuchD tooheavymuch 14 Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet buthismothertoldhim MET95 A nottoB nottodoC notdoitD donotto15 LittleJimshouldlove tothetheatrethisevening MET92 A tobetakenB totakeC beingtakenD taking16 Therearefivepairs butI matalosswhichtobuy 1999上海高考 A tobechosenB tochoosefromC tochooseD forchoosing 17 lateintheafternoon Bobturnedoffthealarm 2001年北京春季高考 A TosleepB SleepingC SleepD Havingsleep18 Withalotofdifficultproblems thenewly electedpresidentishavingahardtime 2002年上海春季高考 A settledB settlingC tosettleD beingsettled 19 Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive 2003上海春季高考 A tohaveplayedB toplayC tobeplayedD tobeplaying20 Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket manystateruncompaniesaretrying theirproductsmorecompetitive 2002上海春季高考 A tomakeB makingC tohavemadeD havingmade isagoodofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold A ThewalkB WalkingC TowalkD Walk2 Whenandwheretobuildthenewpowerstation yet A isnotdecidedB arenotdecidedC hasnotdecidedD havenotdecided3 Is necessarytochangetrainsatBeijing A thisB thatC itD he4 Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat isbelieving A toseeB seeingC seeD tobeseen5 Shepretended theletterIwroteyesterday A nottoreceiveB notreceivingC nottohearfromD havingnotreceived 6 Ican timagine thatwithsuchafamousauthor A workB toworkC tobeworkingD working7 Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped onabigrockbythesideofthepath