直接引语与间接引语的区别和用法.doc

直接引语与间接引语的区别和用法I.定义：直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。例：He said: It is too late.间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。例：He said it was too late.直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题II.第一：人称的变化。记忆规律：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。例如：1.直接引语 She said: I am hungry.间接引语 She said she was hungry.She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her2.直接引语 Mum said to me: You must clean your bedroom by yourself.间接引语 Mum told me that I had to clean my bedroom by myself.He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then3. 直接引语Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。间接引语Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker第二：时态变化直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下图。直接引语间接引语一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）一般现在时一般过去时注意：1.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。例如：Teacher told us: The moon moves round the earth.Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.2.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning3.如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同时生效，在变成间接宾语是时态不发生变化。He said ,“I am a boy, not a girl.”He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.4.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street5.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如： Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I had better go there that day6.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。例如：She said: I went to England in 1998.She said she went to England in 1998.7.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。He says: I bought you a book yesterday.He says that he bought me a book yesterday.第三：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。 1.指示代词this -that these-those 2. 时间状语 now -then today -that day yesterday-the day before tomorrow -the next day next week-the next week last year-the year before a week ago-a week before 3. 地点状语here-there4. 从句动词come-go bring-take 5. 主句动词saysay to sb-asktell第四：句式上的变化1.陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接。如：She said: I am a girl.-She said that she was a girl. (that可以省略)She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.- 2.一般疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或whether。例如：(1)She asked me: Are you Mr. Li?-She asked me if I was Mr. Li.(2)She asked us: Do you want to go on a picnic?-She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.He said, Can you swim, John? 3.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。宾从必须是陈述语序。例如：(1)How much have we spent on petrol this year, Susan asked her husband.(2)Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.She asked me, When do they have their dinner?4.祈使句变间接引语，“一改二变三加四去。”一改：said (to) 改为asked或told, ordered等二变：said to 的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语三加：即在动词原形前加to，使成为动词不定式四去：去掉please间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如： 例（1）Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. （2）He said to her: Dont take the book away.He asked her not to take the book away.（3）Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.5.感叹句变为间接引语(1)What awful weather it is! she said.She complained about the awful weather.(2)What a bright girl you are. He said to me.He praised me that I was a bright girl.6.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如： He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film. III练习1. “Im glad to receive your e-mail,” said he. _ 2. He said to me, “Are you going home this weekend?” _ 3. “How do you like the food here?” said she. _ 4. She said to me, “Dont ride in the street.” _ 5. “Stand where you are!” the police said to the young man. _ II. 请在下列空白处填上适当的词语，使句意不变。 1 She said, “Are you from the south?” She asked _ I _ from the south. 2. Mom said to me, “Dont tell a lie.” Mom _ me _ _ tell a lie. 3 Susan said to me, “We visited the Red Star Farm last week.” Susan told me that _ _ _ the Red Star Farm _ _ _. 4 Mr Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” Mr Paul _ us that light _ faster than sound. 5 “Go and post the letters,” the manager said to him. The manager _ him _ _ and post the letters. 参考答案： I. 1. He said that he was glad to receive my e-mail. 2. He asked me if I was going home that weekend. 3. She asked how I liked the food there. 4. She told me not to ride in the street. 5. The police ordered the young man to stand where he was. II. 1. if / whether; was 2. told; not to 3. they had visited; the week before 4. told; travels 5. told; to goIV将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met her the day _.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.14. “Dont tell him the news s.” she said.She told me _ _ _ him the news. 15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interestd in _.【参考答案】1