unit20-lesson3-scientific-breakthroughs.ppt

Lesson3ScientificBreakthroughs warmup Alittlequiz IsaacNewton 1642 1727 Britishphysicalscientist astronomerandmathematician borninLincolnshire HeprovedtheTheoryofGravitytobetrue HewasBritishwhowaslivingin18thcentury HeinventedanadvancedsteamenginewhichwasthelaststrawoftheFirstIndustryRevolutioninwesterncountries HewasborninScotlandin1847 HeimmigratedintotheUSAattheageof24andlaterbecameaAmericacitizen Hewastheinventoroftelephone 贝尔 Bell AlexanderGraham 1847 1922 Amongtheseveralimportantdiscoveriesmadeinhislife thegreatestisthecreationofhisfamousTheoryofRelativity Healsodiscoveredfamousmathematicalstatemente mc energyequalsmasstimesthespeedoflightsquared Thisstatementorformulaexplainedthatagreatamountofenergycouldcomefromasmallpieceofmatter AlbertEinstein OnDecember17th 1903 theymadetheworld sfirstflightinamachinethatwasheavierthanairandpoweredbyanengine WrightBrothers ThedesignerofENIAC thefirstcommercialcomputermadeintheUnitedStates AmericanphysicistJohnWilliamMauchlyandJ PresperEckert这是美国军方 navy 要求宾州大学莫奇来 Mauchly 博士和他的学生爱克特 Eckert 设计的 准备用来计算炮弹及火箭 导弹 missiles 的弹道 它最终在原子弹的研制中发挥了极大的作用 AlexanderFleming 1881 1955 ScottishbiochemistFebruary14 1929 FlemingDiscoversPenicillin SirAlexanderFlemingwasayoungbacteriologistwhenanaccidentaldiscoveryledtooneofthegreatdevelopmentsofmodernmedicine EdwinHubble Americanastronomer Hechangedourideasabouttheuniverseandhowitdeveloped InthelateNineteen Twenties hisstudyleadtothemostimportantastronomicaldiscoveryoftheTwentiethcentury theexpandinguniverse Andheprovedthatnebulaeweregalaxiesthemselves Astronomersnowagreethatfardistantgalaxiesdoexist Readingpracticeforgeneralidea ReadingStrategy 1 Firstreadthetexttogetthegeneralidea Gothroughthewholetext don tworryaboutsomenewword youdon tneedtounderstandeverywordexactly Justworkoutthesubjectandthemainidea 1 Theequatione mc2 Penicillin3 Thefirstcomputer4 Othergalaxies Ex2 Trytomatchthediscoverieswithhowtheywerediscovered a Scientistsworkedtogetherasateamb Therewasaluckyaccidentaccidentc Ascientistdidresearchformanyyearsd Ascientistwasinspired Thepurposeofthisarticleis theintroductionoftheWrightBrotherstheintroductionoftheprocessofscientificbreakthroughintroductionofthemajorscientificdiscoveriesinthe20thcenturythecontributionsscientistsmadetotheworld Matchthepioneerswiththedeeds Theywerespecialistintheareaofbicycle repair buttheywereinterestedinaircraft Theymadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofaircraft Heisawareofrecentdevelopments buthehasbeenworkingonhisown Heshowedinhis theoryofrelativity thatnoteventime massorlengthisconstant TheWrightbrothers ElbertEinstein Heprovedthattheuniverseisactuallyexpanding andthatfurtherawaygalaxiesare thefastertheymove HewasasonofaScottishshepherd HEediscoveredpenicillin Althoughhisdiscoveryisimportant heremainedmodest Duringthe2ndworldwar theUSNavyturnedtothemtoproduceamachine Theydidn tfinishuntilafterthewar inFebruary1946 EdwinHubble AlexanderFleming EckertandMauchlyTogetherwiththeirteam Readingforspecificinformation ReadingStrategy 2 Readthequestions statementsandidentifyimportantwords FindtherelevantpartofthetextandidentifytheimportantwordsDecideiftheimportantwordsinthequestion statementexpressthesamemeaningBaseyourdecisiononlyontheinformationinthetext Usethestrategiestohelpyou Exs4 Arethesestatementstrueorfalseaccordingtothetextoristherenoinformation Workingroupstousethestrategiestoworkouttheproblems 1 OrvilleWrightmadethefirstandlongestflighton17December 1903 2 Abicycle repaircompanymadethemoneyusedintheWrightbrother sflyingexperiments OnDecember17 1903 Orvillemadethefirstflightintheirplane theFlyer1 andheflew39metresin12seconds T F Thebrothersusedthecompanytosupporttheirflyingmachineresearchandexperiments 3 Einsteinwasatworkwhenhethoughtoftheequation e mc 4 Einsteinparticipatedintheprogrammethatdevelopedthenuclearbomb 5 Einsteinobservedchangesintime sizeandmass Whilerockinghisone year oldbaby hethoughtsthOver Suddenly theequationcametohim Theequationalsohelptocreatethenuclearbomb Einsteinthenshowedinhis theoryorrelativity thatnoteventime massorlengthareconstant F T F 6 Hubblestudiedtheuniverseforovertwentyyears 7 Hubblediscoveredthatourgalaxyisbiggerthanwethoughtitwas 8 Fleminghadbeenstudyingbacteriainhislaboratorywhenthediscoveryhappened 9 Therewasabluemouldaroundthebacteriainthedish 10 Flemingdevelopedtheprocessformakingpenicillin NI T Theuniversewasvastlylargerthanhadpreviouslybeenthought NI F T 11 Thefirstcomputerprojectfailedtomeetitsoriginalgoal 12 Thefirstcomputerwasextremelydifficulttoprogram T Althoughtheyandtheirteamdidnotfinishthemachineuntilafterthewar NI WhileAlbertEinsteinwasrockinghisone year oldbaby he wasawareofrecentscientificdevelopments thoughtoverMarieCurie sresearch heshowedthatnoteventime massorlengthareconstant cameupwiththefamous theoryofrelativity Vocabulary CompoundWords Exs5 Matchthecategories a e withtheexamplesfromthetext 1 5 Tpoundn 1 one year old world famous n n far reachingb compoundv 2 breakthrough outcomec Compoundadj 3 mass produce double chestd compoundn 4 flyingmachine adj n nuclearbombe compoundn 5 CDplayer jetengine v prep Usefulexpressions 仔细考虑 慎重思考被想出意识到越 越 向 求助 thinkoverSthcomestosb nopassive beawareofthemore themoreturntosb sth Discussion Itispredicted 预言 thattherewillbe5scientificbreakthroughsinthe21stcentury Whatdoyouthinkwillbethe5scientificbreakthroughsandhowwilltheyinfluenceourlife Haveadiscussionandvoiceyouropinion 5ScientificBreakthroughsinthe21stCentury 1 We llknowwherewecamefrom Whydoestheuniverseexist Toputitanotherway whyistheresomethinginsteadofnothing Sincethe1920s scientistshaveknowntheuniverseisexpanding whichmeansitmusthavestartedatadefinitetimeinthepast Theyevenhavedevelopedtheoriesthatgiveadetailedpictureoftheevolutionoftheuniversefromthetimeitwasafractionofasecondoldtothepresent Wewillhaveabetterunderstandingofhowmatterbehavesattheunfathomablyhightemperaturesandpressuresoftheearlyuniverse 2 We llcrackthegeneticcodeandconquercancer Asscientistslearnmoreaboutthegeneticcodeandthewaycellsworkatthemolecular10level manyseriousdiseases cancer forone willbecomelessthreatening Usingmanufactured therapeutic viruses doctorswillbeabletoreplacecancer causingdamagedDNAwithhealthygenes probablyadministeredbyapillorinjection 3 We lllivelonger 120years 21st centurystridesingeneticmedicin