科技论文写作(英文).ppt

OnLearningEnglishObtainedfromAdvancedStudioClassroom March2004 HowcanIimprovemyEnglishconversationskills ThebestwaytoimproveyourspokenEnglishistospeakthelanguageasmuchasyoucan Trythefollowingtips Goforit Saywhatyoucan wheneveryoucan Inotherwords usewhatyouknow Useitorloseit Usethenewwordsyoulearninourarticlesrightaway oryou llforgetthem How GotoourWebsite www StudioC forsomediscussionquestionstogetyoutalkingaboutthearticleyoujuststudied Thengettogetherwithafriendanddiscussyouranswer usingonlyEnglish 台大校长2009 9 15 两年前向台大新鲜人提出 四不 考试不作弊 作业不抄袭 上课不随意逃课 脚踏车不乱停 中原四不 不吸烟不喝酒不赌博不 到不正当处 跳舞 全人教育 天 人 物 我 鏈結產學研發之專題實作平台建構發展示意圖 研究 教學 輔導三合一 TechnologicalEnglishWriting 科技英语写作 September2014 Instructor Jyh tongTeng 邓治东 Telephone 10 6894 5611 Rm1206 jtteng1 OfficeHours OfficeLocation TeachingAssistant ClassTime 6 30 8 55Classroom 信息楼2010教室 ReferenceBooks 1 M L Waddell R M EachandR R Walker TheArtofStylingSentences 20PatternsforSuccess 3rdEdition Barron sEducationalSeries Inc 1993 FourthEdition 2002 2 JudithS Vanalstyne ProfessionalandTechnicalWriting CommunicationinTechnologyandScience SixthEdition Prentice HallInternational Inc 20043 JoseA Carillo EnglishPlainandSimple SecondUpdatedEdition ManilaTimePublishingCorp 2008 Grading ClassParticipation5 Oneflunksthecourseifheorsheisabsentfortwoormoresessions Threequizzes20 each Homework includingin classwritings 35 Goals Afterthestudentshavetakenthiscourse theyareexpectedto 1 UsetheEnglishpunctuationcorrectly 2 UsetheTechnicalEnglishmechanicalconventioncorrectly 3 KnowtheEnglishusage 4 Knowthetypicalsentencepatterns5 Knowhowtowriteareportandatechnicalarticle Outline Session1 9月9日晚上Introduction thinkingpreferences OnPunctuation课程简介 思考模式 英文的标点符号用法Writeashortessayon WhyAmITakingThisCourse Session2 9月10日晚上OnMechanicalConvention英文的专业传统表述Quiz 1onPunctuation Sessions3and4 9月11日下午 9月12日晚上OnEnglishUsage英文的用法8月28日下午Quiz 2onMechanicalConventionSessions5and6 9月15日下午 9月16日晚上OnSentencePatterns典型的英文句型9月2日下午Quiz 3onEnglishUsageSession7 9月17日晚上OnHowtoWrite Revise andEdit OnReportWriting写作 修改 编辑 报告撰写Writeashortessayon WhatHaveILearnedfromThisCourse Session8 9月18日晚上OnTechnicalArticleWriting专业论文的写作TechnicalReportPresentationsbyStudents学生口头报告 文章的常见错误 CommonErrors ImprovementinEnglishisneeded andtheauthorsshouldreadthemanuscriptthoroughlyandcarefullytoenhancethereadabilityofit Someoftherevisionsareasfollows Line4onp 2 etc etc Line57onp 3 weshouldtobalance weshouldbalance 15 Line4onp 4 moredetails formoredetailsLine18onp 4 followingproperties thefollowingpropertiesLine24onp 6 oneuse oneusesLine6onp 7 getfollowingmodifiedscheme getthefollowingmodifiedschemeLine46onp 8 isagreewith isinagreementwith 16 Lines43 45onp 9 throughoutfollowingsubsections throughoutthefollowingsubsectionsLine45onp 9 islocateat islocatedatUnlesstheabovecommentsareaddressed thepaperinitspresentformisnotrecommendedtobepublished 17 以英语撰写文章须注意事项 1 拼字精进 一般字 专有名词 2 用词精进3 文法精进 标点符号 惯用法 主词受词一致性 句子完整性 冠词 其它文法 18 概述 Summary 撰写专业英文者必须了解撰写該類文章之特定撰写方式 否则作者常因格式与方式不符或英语欠通顺而被退件要能突破英语撰写上的障碍则在专业出版物上发表文章并非难事一位来自越南的博班生 于了解撰写专业英语文章之特定方式 在近三年内发表21篇学术论文 而硕班陆生于半年内即发表1篇顶级学术论文 19 02182013学用落差大学生也要负责2013 02 1801 01中国时报 苏宜成 隐忍了许久不说 因为这年头没有一个大学老师愿意得罪学生 但是为了避免年轻的一代继续失落下去 终究还是有人必须对大学生说实话 因为看似越演越烈的 毕业即失业 以及 学用落差 现象 其实大学生自己必须负相当的责任 笔者所属的教学单位经常与产业界领导人交流 做为调整教学方向与内容的参考 我们从业界得到一致的看法是 大学生要符合产业界需求的两个基本条件 一是要具备 多功能 二是要加强英文 两点要求看似简单 但是在实际落实于教学上却窒碍难行 而且阻力完全是来自于学生本身 要达到具备多功能 教学与学习难免就要跨领域 但是多数学生觉得跨领域太难 不想修这种课程 需要加强英文 而且老师也体谅学生的英文程度 认为一时之间可能无法接受全英语教学所以仅仅在上课的投影片采取英文 再用中文解说但是即使连这样都会被学生抗议太难 现在的大学生普遍存有这样的学习态度 要如何拉近学用落差 大学生如何才能不 毕业即失业 当国际间的产业竞争越来越激烈 业界取才的标准只会越来越高 大学的教学难度却在这样的生态下越来越低 产学落差当然会越来越大 大学生毕业当然没人要 君不见媒体总是在报导各行各业有多少职缺 但是产业却苦于找不到可用的人才 正是这种恶性循环所造成 Session1 Introduction thinkingpreferences Englishusage Fivetypesofwriting 1 creative imaginative 2 expressive emotional 3 expository explanatory 4 persuasive expressive explanatory 5 technical factual Forthefirstfourtypesofwriting thewritersaresaying Here showIfeelHere swhatIthinkHere swhatIbelieveItisuptothereaderstodowiththeinformationasheorshepleases Technicalwritingrequires give and take adialogue afollow upand orinputItlinksthewriterandthereader Thepurposeoftechnicalwritingisoftendeterminedbyaudience whichthenaffectsthetoneofthecorrespondence Understandingtheinterrelationshipbetweenthepurpose audience andtoneisessentialtoansweringthequestion Whydowewritetechnicalcorrespondence Forastatusreport Purpose document Audience technicalsupervisor Tone Objective impersonal Foraproposal Purpose recommend Audience boss Tone politely unassuming Technicalwritingisasignificantfactorofyourworkexperience 1 Technicalwritingconductsbusiness 2 Technicalwritingtakestime 3 Technicalwritingcostsmoney 4 Technicalwritingisanextensionofyourinterpersonalcommunicationskills TheWritingProcess 1 Prewriting 25 Determineobjective Gatherdata Recognizeaudience2 Writing 25 Organize spatial chronological importance comparison contrast problem solution Format foreaseofaccess 3 Rewriting 50 Revise 45 Add forclarity Delete forconciseness Simplify foreasierunderstanding Move toensurethatthemostimportantideasareemphasized Reformat usinghighlightingtoensurereader friendlyeaseofaccess Enhance forthetoneandstyleoftext Correct toensureaccurategrammarandcontent Proofread 5 Writingwithacomputer ObjectiveinTechnicalWriting 1 Clarity bysupplyingspecific quantifiedinformationtoavoidvague abstractadjectivesoradverbs2 Conciseness helpsreducereadingandrevisingothers writing aidscomprehension andmakesyourwritingmoreappealingtoyourreaders 1 limitparagraphlength 2 limitwordandsentencelength FogIndex 3 usethemeatcleavertheoryofrevision havelesstoswallowwholeandcanunderstandmoreeasily 4 Avoidshunwords 5 Avoidcamouflagedpattern 6 Avoidtheexpletivepattern 7 Omitredundancies 8 Avoidwordyphrases 3 Accuracy grammaticalandtextual ProofreadyourtextisnecessaryErrorsmakethewriterlookincompetent Toavoidthese 1 Letsomeoneelsereadit 2 Usethegestationapproach 3 Readbackwards 4 Readonelineatatime 5 Readlongwordssyllablebysyllable 6 Usetechnology 7 Checkfigures scientificandtechnicalevaluations andabbreviations 8 Readitoutloud 9 Tryscattershotproofing 10 Useadictionary 4 Organization Fivepatternsoforganizationtohelpclarifycontent SpatialChronologyImportanceComparison ContrastProblem solution 5 Ethics Whatdoyoudowhenyouconfrontedwithethicaldilemmas Checkyouractionsagainstthreeconcerns 1 Legal focusonliability negligence andconsumerprotectionlaws 2 Practical sincedishonestytechnicalwritingbackfiresandcancausethecompanytolosesalesortosufferlegalexpenses 3 Ethical writtentopromotecustomerwelfareandavoiddeceivingtheenduser Uselanguageandvisualswithprecision Prefersimple directexpressionofideas Satisfytheaudience sneedforinformation notmyownneedforself expression Thefour quadrantHerrmannmodelofthinkingpreference p 1 5 Worksheet pp 1 6 1 8 脑的学习过程 p 1 7 整体而言 企业在招募社会新鲜人时 首重的前三大能力是什么 学习意愿和可塑性 决定企业录用你Cheers 2011 5 25 整体而言 企业在招募社会新鲜人时 首重的前三大能力是什么 调查结果依序是 学习意愿强与可塑性高 67 次为 具有解决问题的能力 48 与 专业知识与技术 34 企业认为大学毕业生最待加强的能力为何 企业认为大学毕业生最待加强的能力为何 千大企业认为大学毕业生最缺乏 稳定度与抗压性 67 其次是 具有解决问题的能力 48 与 专业知识与技术 34 这表示 许多刚从学校毕业的新鲜人 还停留在 习惯被教导 的心态 认为企业老鸟有教导新人的 义务与责任 殊不知现在竞争加剧 主管根本没空当 保母 因此 新鲜人之所以被诟病抗压性或稳定度低 源头不见得是能力问题 而是对职场现实的理解度太低所致 此次调查中 也有将近92 的企业人资主管以用人经验指出 毕业后5年的职场历练 将是决定一个人未来职涯走向杰出或平庸的关键 社会新鲜人应该及早累积足够的能力与历练 才能不败于未来激烈的竞争 人生中一般有9种需求 NapoleonHill sGreatBookofSuccess 人生中一般有9种需求 NapoleonHill sGreatBookofSuccess 1 对爱的需求2 对性的需求3 对物的需求4 对自我维护的需求5 对身心自由的需求6 对自我表现的需求7 对永恒生命的需求8 生气与复仇9 恐惧 Punctuation SummarizedfromProfessionalandTechnicalWritingStrategiesbyJudithS VanAlstyne 6thEdition Prentice HallInternational Inc 2004 1 Apostrophe 撇号 forpossessivecaseofnounJackandBob sofficeBill sorJack scarHerbrother in law smedicalpracticeiswellreceivedinthisarea forthepossessivecaseofindefinitepronouns another stool one scustomers Note DonotuseanapostropheforpossessivecaseofapersonalpronounshisscheduleOursisthebestmodel Itshandlewasmadeofwood fortheomissionoflettersincontractionsI mo clockcan tDonotconfusethey rewiththeirorthere Donotconfuseit swithits forthepluralofletters numbers symbols citedwordsYourr slooklikeyourn s Youusetoomanyand s Your7 slooklikeyourl s the2000 s 2000s foraquotationtoaddclarifyingwordsthatarenotintheoriginalDr Chenstated Tryit OilofOley youwilllikeit forenclosingtheLatinwordsic so thus whichindicatesthatamisspelling grammaticalerror orwrongwordwasintheoriginalHewrote Your sic selectedtoheadthecommittee 2 Brackets 方括号 方括号 3 Colon 冒号 foraformalsalutationDearMr Wang Gentlemen forintroducingaphraseorclausewhichexplainsorreinforcesaproceedingsentenceorclauseThepositionsoundsattractive highsalary moderateamountofwork andclosetohome foraclausewhichcontainsananticipatoryexpression thefollowing asfollows thus these anddirectsattentiontoaseriesofexplanatorywords phrases orclauses Therequirementsforthemaster sdegreeareasfollows 1 twenty fourunitsofclasswork 2 amasterthesis and3 nomorethanfouryearsofstudy forexpressionratios forseparatinghoursandminutes andforindicatingotherrelationships5 1signal noiseA B10 20P M Acts14 712 50 55 Vol 12 pp 50 55 forthemaintitleandsubtitleofabookTheWriter sWork AGuidetoEffectiveComposition forcompoundandcompound complexsentencesa forseparatingindependentclausesjoinedbyacoordinatingconjunctionThecursorshowswhereyouaretyping anditmovesacrossthescreenasyoutype b afteranintroductorydependentclauseIfyouhaveatwo drivecomputersystem youplaceyourprogramdisketteindriveA 4 Comma 逗号 c afteraconjunctiveadverbintroducingacoordinateclauseThesystemiseasytouse however wesuggestthatyoureadthedirectionscarefully forseparatinganonrestrictiveword phrase orclausefromtherestofthesentenceYoushould however makecopiesofyouroriginaldisketteforsafekeeping Thecursor whichisablinkingsquare showswheretheentrywillappearonthescreen forseparatingitemsinaseriesTheseinstructionswillteachyouhowtocreate edit orproofafile Note Thecommaisoftenomittedincompanynames Jones SmithandWoods forseparatingaseriesofadjectivesoradverbsnotconnectedbyaconjunctionThecomputerblinkedhaphazardly noisily inadatetoseparatethedayandyearOctober8 2000 theDecember1 2000 deadline Note DonotuseacommainthemilitaryorBritishform 8April2000 forseparatingcityandstate stateandcounty countyandstateFortLauderdale BrownardCounty Florida hastwenty sevenelectronicfirms forseparatingtitlesfromnamesandforsettingoffappositivesPeterWang M D Ph D JosephCheng attorney at lawHankLin Jr forgroupingnumbersintounitsofthreeinseparatingthousands millions andsoforth 7 89085 3868 476 235 forsalutationofaninformalletterorcomplimentarycloseofmostletter DearJoseph Sincerelyyours Cordially forseparatingcorporationabbreviationsforcompanynamesAceCompany Inc Trolleys Ltd forexpressionsthatintroducedirectquotationsPresidentLeesaid WemustfightbackthediplomaticblockagesetupbytheCommunistChina 5 Dash 破折号 forsettingoffemphaticandabruptparentheticalexpressionsTheideaofthisprogram ithasbeentestedthoroughly 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seeSection6 isusedindirectquotations forenclosingfiguresorletterstoenumeratepointsTousethisprogram a insertyourDOSdisketteindriveA b turnonyourcomputer c typeinthedate and d presstheEnterkey 9 Period 句号 forsignalingtheendofdeclarativeimperativesentencesDiskettesaresensitivetoextremesoftemperature Donottrytocleandiskettes forcertainabbreviations seeMechanicalConventions forexceptions Dr Jr Nov A M a m Mr Ph D etc J F Kennedy forfractionsexpressingasdecimals betweenwholenumbersanddecimals andbetweendollarsandcents 01 3 503 6 0 35 or35c foranoutlineI AnalysisI 1AssumptionsI 2TheoreticalDevelopmentI 2 1ConservationLawsI 2 2ConstitutiveEquationsI 3PerturbationMethod 10 QuestionMark 问号 attheendforaninterrogativequestionDoyouownapersonalcomputer Note Donotuseoneafteranindirectquestion HeaskedmeifIownedapersonalcomputer inparenthesesforindicatingthereisaquestionaboutcertaintyoraccuracyThisisthebest computer 11 QuotationMarks Q M s 引号 双引号 forsettingoffdirectspeechandmaterialquotedfromothersourcesDr JackChenwrites Before Mostdoctors hepointsout forbade totherefrigerators forindicatingnonstandardterms ironicterms andslangwordsThisisa gimmick His problem washisgeniusI Q He gothisacttogether forindicatingtitlesofarticles essays shortstories chapters shortpoems songs televisionandradioprograms andspeechesNotes 1 Donotusequotationmarksaroundquotedmaterialwhichrequiresmorethanfourlinesinyourpaper DisplayalongquotebyindentingittenspacesfromyourregularmarginsandomittingtheQ M s 2 CommasandperiodsarealwaysplacedinsidetheclosingQ M 3 SemicolonsandcolonsareplacedoutsidetheclosingQ M 4 Q M sexclamationpoints and